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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Origin And Stratigraphic Architecture Of The Middle Permian Lower And Upper Quanzijie Low-Order Cycles, Bogda Mountains, Nw China, Jonathan Obrist-Farner Jan 2015

Origin And Stratigraphic Architecture Of The Middle Permian Lower And Upper Quanzijie Low-Order Cycles, Bogda Mountains, Nw China, Jonathan Obrist-Farner

Doctoral Dissertations

"This study is carried out in the Bogda Mountains, NW China, and aims to provide a detailed sedimentary, stratigraphic, environmental, and paleoclimatic reconstruction in the paleo-mid-latitude along the east coast of Pangea. The Middle Permian lower and upper Quanzijie low-order cycles (QZJ LCs) provide a nearly complete sedimentary record in an area were little is known. In the first part of this work, the previously-established QZJ LC is divided into two LCs on the basis of regional stratigraphic correlation and major changes in depositional environments and tectonic and climatic processes. The newly-established lower QZJ LC is mainly composed of meandering …


Microstructure And Geotechnical Properties Of St. Peter Sandstone In Clayton, Iowa, Amir Hossein Bagherieh Jan 2015

Microstructure And Geotechnical Properties Of St. Peter Sandstone In Clayton, Iowa, Amir Hossein Bagherieh

Doctoral Dissertations

"The St. Peter Sandstone is significantly different from the minerals and rocks which have been studied extensively in mining. It is brittle and characterized by an unusually high friction angle. On the other hand it is friable, and it is nearly cohesionless. The scarcity of the ground control techniques for this particular mining environment has created many difficulties for mine operators. This research aims to establish a fundamental understanding of the basic mechanical and strength properties of the St. Peter Sandstone for engineering design and scientific research. The specific objectives are 1) characterizing the strength of the St. Peter Sandstone, …


Mineral And Geochemical Attributes Of The Midcontinent Rift Sequence; An Application For Deep Carbon Dioxide Sequestration, Alsedik Mohamed Ali Abousif Jan 2015

Mineral And Geochemical Attributes Of The Midcontinent Rift Sequence; An Application For Deep Carbon Dioxide Sequestration, Alsedik Mohamed Ali Abousif

Doctoral Dissertations

"The potential for using the Oronto Group of the Midcontinent Rift (MCR) Sequence for CO2 sequestration has been disparaged because of low porosity-permeability characteristics, which are largely a result of extensive calcite cementation. This study investigated the potential for using the MCR as a target for CO2 sequestration by examining reactions involving detrital host-rock minerals at high pressure-temperature conditions that could provide dissolved Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+, and then precipitating these cations as carbonate minerals. The effect of carbonic acid on cement dissolution was also evaluated with respect to enhancing porosity and …


Shear Wave Splitting Analysis Beneath Tien Shan: Geodynamic Implications Of Complex Anisotropy, Solomon Gerra Cherie Jan 2015

Shear Wave Splitting Analysis Beneath Tien Shan: Geodynamic Implications Of Complex Anisotropy, Solomon Gerra Cherie

Doctoral Dissertations

"In spite of numerous studies, the mechanisms for the crustal shortening, mountain formation and associated tectonism leading to complex or simply seismic anisotropy formation beneath the Tien Shan Orogenic Belt is still debated. The most popular hypotheses suggested for the existence of seismic anisotropy are small-scale mantle convection, regional scale resistive basal shear and APM induced asthenospheric flow. Here, we used shear-wave splitting (SWS) measurements with good azimuthal coverage to provide additional constraints on the various models proposed by previous studies. One of the most effective approaches utilized to constrain convective mantle flow patterns is the splitting of P-to-S converted …


Seismological Investigation Of The Okavango Rift, Botswana, Youqiang Yu Jan 2015

Seismological Investigation Of The Okavango Rift, Botswana, Youqiang Yu

Doctoral Dissertations

The mechanisms of rifting have been intensively investigated using geological and geophysical techniques beneath mature rift zones. However, current understanding on the earliest stages of rifting is seriously limited. Here we employ recently archived data from 17 broadband seismic stations traversing northern Botswana to conduct the first shear wave splitting and mantle transition zone (MTZ) studies within the Okavango Rift Zone (ORZ). The ORZ is an incipient continental rift situated at the terminal of the southwestern branch of the East African Rift System. The resulting normal MTZ thickness and consistently rift-parallel fast polarizations imply an absence of significant thermal anomalies …


Holocene Sedimentology And Stratigraphy Of Coastal Sediments In An Arid Climate, Al Qahmah, Southern Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, Abdullah Ibrahim Nabhan Jan 2015

Holocene Sedimentology And Stratigraphy Of Coastal Sediments In An Arid Climate, Al Qahmah, Southern Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, Abdullah Ibrahim Nabhan

Doctoral Dissertations

"Holocene sedimentary deposits in Al Qahmah coast, southern Red Sea, in Saudi Arabia have been accumulated on an arid siliciclastic coast in a rift tectonic setting. This study provides a detail interpretation and analysis of sedimentary facies, stratigraphy, depositional environment, and major geological processes. Two studies have been undertaken. First, petrological study of composition and texture of modern sediments and facies mapping delineate facies distribution and mechanisms of sediment transport and deposition. A unique suite of complex riverine, wave, tidal, wind, and chemical and biological processes affect the composition, texture, and distribution of the facies. Second, the depositional environments of …