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- Bitumen (2)
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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rocks To Roads To Ruin: A Brief History Of Western Kentucky’S Rock-Asphalt Industry, 1888–1957, J. Richard Bowersox
Rocks To Roads To Ruin: A Brief History Of Western Kentucky’S Rock-Asphalt Industry, 1888–1957, J. Richard Bowersox
Information Circular--KGS
The history of western Kentucky’s rock-asphalt industry required substantial research of primary sources to correct the disjointed and often conflicting record published to date. Its history is checkered with characters from visionary entrepreneurs and ambitious businessmen to financial scoundrels. The earliest evidence of exploitation of bitumen resources at the surface in western Kentucky is in Native American artifacts recovered from several sites. Early settlers in the region used heavy oil and bitumen found in seeps as lubricants and wood preservatives, among other uses. The commercial value of the widespread western Kentucky rock-asphalt deposits was first recognized in the 1880’s, leading …
Use And Evaluation Of Lidar For Mapping Sinkholes In Royal Spring Groundwater Basin, Fidele Nsonguh Tibouo
Use And Evaluation Of Lidar For Mapping Sinkholes In Royal Spring Groundwater Basin, Fidele Nsonguh Tibouo
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
This study utilizes a digital elevation model of the surface derived from high-resolution LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and aerial-image technologies to map sinkholes in the Royal Spring groundwater basin. Shade-relief maps, with vertical exaggeration, were very helpful in the initial characterization of depressions. Then, aerial-photography sets were likewise helpful in identifying man-made structures such as retention basins, swimming pools, and parking lots, and to identify new sinkholes.
Field checking was necessary to further define depressions into two categories: 1.) potential sinkholes and 2.) probable sinkholes. This study had a lower success rate (50 percent) for identifying sinkholes via LiDAR …
Integrated Geophysical Methods In Investigation Of Claiborne Aquifer Hydrostratigraphy, Jackson Purchase, Kentucky, Marie Cooper
Integrated Geophysical Methods In Investigation Of Claiborne Aquifer Hydrostratigraphy, Jackson Purchase, Kentucky, Marie Cooper
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
Increased groundwater withdrawals associated with agricultural irrigation in the Jackson Purchase have prompted questions related to groundwater availability and sustainability. Key factors in addressing these questions are understanding the extent and variation in thickness of the local hydrostratigraphic system, which is the upper part of the Mississippi Embayment aquifer system. Correlations of 70 gamma-ray well logs, and 49 resistivity logs were made across parts of the Jackson Purchase in Fulton and Hickman Counties in order to delineate the upper Claiborne aquifer and middle Claiborne confining unit. Commercial software (i.e. Petra 3.8.3) was used to generate cross sections, structure and isopach …
Mobility Of Escherichia Coli Within Karst Terrains, Kentucky, Usa, Ashley M. Bandy
Mobility Of Escherichia Coli Within Karst Terrains, Kentucky, Usa, Ashley M. Bandy
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
Bacterial contamination of karst aquifers is a concern as water quality across the globe deteriorates in the face of decreasing water security. This study examined the transport and attenuation of two non-virulent isolates of Escherichia coli in relation to traditional groundwater tracers such as rhodamine WT dye and latex microspheres in two karst regions in Kentucky. Differential movement between the four tracers was observed in both epikarst and karst aquifer traces, with differences in behavior dependent on flow conditions. Attenuation was greater for the bacterial isolate containing the iha gene, compared to the isolate containing the kps gene. Microspheres of …
Denali In A Box: Analog Experiments Modeled After A Natural Setting Provide Insight On Gentle Restraining Bend Deformation, Anne M. Fendick
Denali In A Box: Analog Experiments Modeled After A Natural Setting Provide Insight On Gentle Restraining Bend Deformation, Anne M. Fendick
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
The Mount McKinley restraining bend (MMRB) creates an ~18° left-step in the arcuate surface trace of the dextral Denali Fault in south-central Alaska. Despite being a large, crustal-scale fault, little is understood about the controls on deformation within the MMRB. Similarities between previous wet kaolin analog modeling and the MMRB suggest that the first-order deformation patterns may derive from similar mechanisms. We compare uplift patterns, localization of deformation, formation of new faults, and displacement fields from the analog model and the natural setting to assess the influence of different variables on the overall system. Despite strong rheological heterogeneity in the …
Field, Geochronologic, And Geochemical Constraints On Late Precambrian To Early Paleozoic Terrane Accretion In The Southern Appalachian Blue Ridge Province, Emma A. Larkin
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
Xenolith-bearing orthogneiss of Amazonian affinity discovered in the Dellwood quadrangle in the Blue Ridge basement complex represents the oldest crustal component of the southern Appalachians (1.33 – 1.37 Ga: Quinn, 2012). New U-Pb zircon ages for migmatitic paragneiss of the Cartoogechaye terrane exposed in the Dellwood quadrangle reveal two unique detrital zircon age signatures that indicate either a local eastern Laurentian margin source or an exotic source. Detailed mapping, whole rock geochemistry, and U-Pb zircon geochronology were conducted to determine whether this exotic crustal component extends farther south into the Hazelwood 7.5” quadrangle. Lithological similarities exist between paragneisses in the …
Dating Deformation In The Palmer Zone Of Transpression, Central Massachusetts: Temporal Constraints On Models For Progressive Deformation In The Middle Crust, James K. Mcculla
Dating Deformation In The Palmer Zone Of Transpression, Central Massachusetts: Temporal Constraints On Models For Progressive Deformation In The Middle Crust, James K. Mcculla
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
The Palmer Zone of Transpression (PZoT) in the Bronson Hill zone of central Massachusetts is an expression of late Paleozoic oblique convergence between Avalonia and Laurentia. The steeply W-dipping, N-S trending PZoT is defined by bounding high strain zones (Mt. Dumplin on west, Central Maine and Conant Brook on east) of opposing shear sense enclosing the Monson orthogneiss. Research was designed to establish the timing of deformation to test the hypothesis that strain in transpressional systems occurs contemporaneously. An understanding of the timing of deformation in this zone could elucidate the mechanisms that formed the zone and contribute to a …
Stratigraphic, Geochemical, And Well Log Analysis Of The Wolfcamp-D Unconventional Play In The Central Midland Basin, Texas, Patrick Thomas Ryan
Stratigraphic, Geochemical, And Well Log Analysis Of The Wolfcamp-D Unconventional Play In The Central Midland Basin, Texas, Patrick Thomas Ryan
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
This M.S. thesis utilizes diverse subsurface datasets from the central Midland Basin, a recently reinvigorated petroleum producing region, to better understand the depositional history of the prospective Wolfcamp-D interval. An integrated set of methods were applied to ~320 ft of drill core from Midland County (Texas). Elemental chemostratigraphy collected via x-ray fluorescence highlights the pervasive fine-scale variability in the stratigraphy of the core, and aided in the classification of three different mudrock facies types. Organic-rich, siliceous mudrocks are cyclically interbedded with aluminum-rich mudrocks and carbonates throughout the Wolfcamp-D. Trace metal correlations with total organic carbon indicate slow bottom-water recharge from …
Heavy-Oil And Bitumen Resources Of The Big Clifty Sandstone, Northeastern Grayson County And Adjacent Hardin County, Kentucky, J. Richard Bowersox
Heavy-Oil And Bitumen Resources Of The Big Clifty Sandstone, Northeastern Grayson County And Adjacent Hardin County, Kentucky, J. Richard Bowersox
Report of Investigations--KGS
Rock asphalt (bitumen-saturated sandstone) was produced from the Big Clifty Sandstone near Tar Hill and Big Clifty in northeastern Grayson County, and at Summit in adjacent Hardin County, from 1889 to 1940. Noncommercial amounts of oil were distilled from Big Clifty rock asphalt before 1930. Resource assessments conducted throughout the area during the mid-1920's described substantial rock-asphalt deposits. Later assessments in 1951, 1965, and the early 1980's, however, overlooked the northeastern Grayson County area. A new evaluation in 2015 estimated that the historically developed area between Clifty Creek and meeting Creek, and between the Summit Fault and Eveleigh Fault Zone, …
Heavy-Oil And Bitumen Resources Of The Western Kentucky Tar Sands, J. Richard Bowersox
Heavy-Oil And Bitumen Resources Of The Western Kentucky Tar Sands, J. Richard Bowersox
Report of Investigations--KGS
Heavy-oil and bitumen resources in western Kentucky are present in the Upper Mississippian Big Clifty and Hardinsburg Sandstones and Lower Pennsylvanian Kyrock and Bee Spring Sandstone Members of the Caseyville Formation in a belt extending from Logan County on the south to Breckinridge and Hardin Counties on the north.
Net oil-saturated intervals in the tar sands range from 2.5 to 4.7 m thick, largely in downthrown fault blocks in and bounding the Rough Creek Graben. Records from 1,500 wells, analysis of reservoir properties from 3,769 plugs from 135 coreholes, and bulk volume of hydrocarbon calculated in 139 surface samples were …
Lithostratigraphic And Geochemical Characterization Of The Upper Pennsylvanian ‘Wolfcamp D’ Shale, Midland Basin (Usa): Implications For Paleoenvironments And Unconventional Petroleum Reserviors, Patrick W. Baldwin
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
An integrated stratigraphic analysis of a ~350 ft drill core from Upton County (Texas) has revealed pervasive variability of several key siliciclastic and carbonate lithofacies in vertical section, where organic-rich siliceous mudrock beds alternate with aluminum-rich mudrocks and calcareous gravity flow deposits. Sediment chemistry, especially major and trace elements derived from x-ray fluorescence, captures this variability with high sensitivity. The high frequency chemostratigraphic variability appears to be cyclic, and it is interpreted to represent the first example of deep-water Late Pennsylvanian cyclothems for the Midland Basin. Positive trace metal (Mo, Cr) correlations to total organic carbon and gamma ray response …
Spring Responses To Storms And Seasonal Variations In Recharge In The Middle Atlas Region Of Morocco, Brett Andrew Howell
Spring Responses To Storms And Seasonal Variations In Recharge In The Middle Atlas Region Of Morocco, Brett Andrew Howell
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
Springs in the Middle Atlas Mountains of Morocco are significant sources for public water supply. From March 2014 to May 2015, water temperatures were measured hourly at three springs (Ribaa, Sidi Rached, and Zerouka); water levels were measured hourly at Sidi Rached and Zerouka; and daily turbidity data were obtained from Ribaa. From March 2014 to March 2015, daily water samples were taken at Zerouka for analyses of the stable isotopes deuterium and oxygen-18. Hourly weather data (precipitation and air temperature) were available from March 2014 to May 2015 from Ifrane, near Zerouka. Temperature responses varied between the springs, showing …
Paleoearthquakes Of The Past ~6000 Years At The Dead Mouse Site, West-Central Denali Fault At The Nenana River, Alaska, Joseph K. Carlson
Paleoearthquakes Of The Past ~6000 Years At The Dead Mouse Site, West-Central Denali Fault At The Nenana River, Alaska, Joseph K. Carlson
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
The Denali fault (DF) in south-central Alaska is a major right lateral strike-slip fault that parallels the Alaska Range for much of its length. This fault represents the largest seismogenic source for interior Alaska but due to its remote location and difficulty of access, a dearth of paleoearthquake (PEQ) information exists for this important feature. The fault system is over 1200 km in length and identification of paleoseismic sites that preserve more that 2-3 PEQs has proven challenging. In 2012 and 2015, we developed the ‘Dead Mouse’ site, which provides the first long PEQ record west of the 2002 rupture …
Injecting Liquids And Gases Deep Underground, Stephen F. Greb
Injecting Liquids And Gases Deep Underground, Stephen F. Greb
Map and Chart--KGS
Every year, thousands of wells are drilled into underground reservoirs in search of water, oil, and natural gas. The gases and fluids are trapped inside tiny pores and cracks in underground reservoirs.
Mapped Karst Groundwater Basins In The Elizabethtown 30 X 60 Minute Quadrangle, James C. Currens, Robert J. Blair
Mapped Karst Groundwater Basins In The Elizabethtown 30 X 60 Minute Quadrangle, James C. Currens, Robert J. Blair
Map and Chart--KGS
This map shows karst groundwater basins in the Elizabethtown 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, determined primarily by groundwater tracer studies. It can be used to quickly identify the groundwater basins and springs to which a site may drain. Major springs and the relative size of their catchment areas can be evaluated for potential as water supplies. The map also serves as a geographic index to literature on karst groundwater in the area.
Storing Co2 Deep Underground, Stephen F. Greb
Storing Co2 Deep Underground, Stephen F. Greb
Map and Chart--KGS
No abstract provided.
Site Characteristics, Instrumentation, And Recordings Of The Central United States Seismic Observatory, Edward W. Woolery, Zhenming Wang, N. Seth Carpenter
Site Characteristics, Instrumentation, And Recordings Of The Central United States Seismic Observatory, Edward W. Woolery, Zhenming Wang, N. Seth Carpenter
Report of Investigations--KGS
The Central United States Seismic Observatory is a vertical seismic array in southwestern Kentucky within the New Madrid Seismic Zone. It is intended to record the effects of local geology, including thick sediment overburden, on seismic-wave propagation, particularly strong ground motion. The three-borehole array is composed of seismic sensors placed on the surface, in the bedrock, and at various depths within the 585-m-thick sediment overburden. The array's deep borehole also provides a unique opportunity to describe the geology and geophysically measure the complete Late Cretaceous through Quaternary stratigraphy in the northern Mississippi Embayment.
Based on the surface and borehole geophysical …