Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Wastewater Management Alternatives For The Salt Pond Region Of Westerly, Rhode Island (With Special Emphasis On The Winnapaug Pond Watershed), John R. King

Theses and Major Papers

As people move toward the coasts in growing numbers, the coastal zone is faced with ever increasing development pressures. The Town of Westerly, Rhode Island is experiencing many of the problems associated with these pressures. In order to expand a motel in the Misquamicut section of Westerly, the current owner of the property has proposed to extend city sewer lines to this area at his own cost. Afterward the line would be turned over to the town. While extension of sewer lines may relieve some local septic system failure problems, it could also spur more rapid and extensive growth. Over-development …

Determination Of Amino Acids And Chloramino Acids In Municipal Wastewater, Jeffrey Taylor Jewell

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

It is well known that unchlorinated municipal wastewater contains high levels of organic and inorganic amino nitrogen compounds, the single most abundant amino-N species being ammonia. Upon chlorination, these compounds are transformed almost instantaneously and quantitatively into N-chloramino derivatives. The organic chloramines have been shown to

interfere with disinfection and have lower disinfection capacities than their inorganic counterpart monochloramine. The environmental effects imposed by the discharge of these compounds into natural receiving waters is unknown. This study has shown that amino acid precursors for N-chloramino acids range in concentration from 1.4 X 10^-7 M to 9.0 X 10^{-7 …}

Reactions Of Organic N-Chloramines In The Gastric Fluid Of The Rat, Kathryn E. Mazina

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Using chlorine as a drinking water disinfectant may have potential health effects due to its reactivity with organic amino nitrogen compounds found in the stomach. Organic N-chloramines have been shown to form in the stomachs of laboratory rats. The possible reactions of N-chloramines in the stomach fluid were examined in this study using a model radiolabeled N-chloramine. ³⁶Cl-N-Chloropiperidine, was synthesized and purified to remove ³⁶Cl-chloride. Stomach fluid was obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats which had been first fasted for 24 or 48 hours and then administered 3 mL of deionized water. Different concentrations of radiolabeled chloramine were reacted with …

The Sunlight Effect On Trace Pollutants In Wastewater, Alan R. Sheu

Theses

In order to study the sunlight effect on the degradation rate of trace pollutants, ortho-cresol was selected to serve as a model compound in our studies. Solution of ortho-cresol alone, methylene blue alone, and the mixture of ortho-cresol and methylene blue were exposed to sunlight for more than four hours and aliquots analyzed with a spectrophotometer in order to follow the changes in absorption. Rate data were obtained for these three cases as a function of pH.

The results indicate that methylene blue does catalyze the degradation of ortho-cresol in the presence of sunlight with lower pH's affording higher reaction …

Indicators Of Microbial Activity In Biological Treatment Of Hazardous Wastes, Alexander Mclean Sherrin

Theses

Three methods were used to measure the activity of mixed liquor from the Livingston, N.J. municipal wastewater treatment plant on exposure to phenol. The three methods were, substrate removal rate (SRR), dissolved oxygen uptake rate (DOUR), and the dye reduction rate (DRR). Parameters from each test were compared for reproducibility and ease of determination. The SRR test gave the most reproducible results, while the DOUR test was the least reproducible. Although the reproducibility of the DRR test was close to that of the SRR test, the DRR was more time consuming and required a greater degree of expertise and training. …

Rise To Power Of Senator Joseph R. Mccarthy: Reflections Of The Cold War Mccarthy Era In American Film, Scott Lainer

Honors Theses

The common bond between much of the film industry and Joseph McCarthy was insecurity and the drive for national approval. If one grasps the specific characteristics of McCarthy the man, and the methods of these politically "inspired" movies, we can to better place the period into context and acknowledge the fact that, if the citizenry is not aware, and is again caught by an ever-building wave of trickle down sentiment, the 1950s might not prove to be an isolated period in American history. Insecurity was not a fifties novelty. It still exists, and could potentially escalate anti-Communist policy and sentiment …

Oil Spill Liability And Compensation: A Review Of The Existing Mechanisms And A Look At The Future, Gary A. Reiter

Theses and Major Papers

This study provides an examination of the existing United States Federal laws and international regimes regarding oil spill liability and compensation, and the manner in which they have been implemented by regulation and policy. The presentation concludes with discussion of and arguments concerning various proposed Federal comprehensive liability and compensation legislation. Emphasis is placed on the unsuccessful legislative proposals of the 99th Congress and the effects that similar legislation, if passed by the 100th congress, may have on current response policies and Federal and state governments. In particular, the effects of the proposed legislation on state's sovereignty and response operations …

Disturbed Alpine Ecosystems: Seedling Establishment Of Early And Late Seral Dominant Species, Jeanne C. Chambers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study examined the effects of seedbed and seedling environment on establishment of early and late seral dominant alpine species. Species studied included late seral dominant forbs (Geum rossii, Artemisia scopulorum, and Polemonium viscosum), early seral dominant forbs (Potentilla diversifolia and Sibbaldia procumbens), a late seral dominant grass (Festuca idahoensis), and early seral dominant grasses (Calamagrostis purpurascens and Deschampsia cespitosa). Germination responses of each species to wet vs. dry cold stratification and light vs. dark conditions were investigated. No statistical differences were observed in the seed germination of early and late …

Products Tanker Shipping And Shipbuilding, Di Jin

Theses and Major Papers

First the entire products tanker market system, including the petroleum products market, products tanker shipping market and the products tanker shipbuilding market, is introduced. The relationship among principal elements is discussed. General information about petroleum products and products tankers is described. Then, the world petroleum products market and products tanker shipping market are examined referring to 1985 Drewry report. Finally, the analysis of products tanker shipbuilding market is made by analyzing the statistics of the products tankers ordered between 1980 and 1986 according to Fairplay orderbook. Major aspects, such as flag, owner, shipbuilder, vessel tonnage, dimensions, speed and engine, are …

Study Of The Ocean Transportation Of Chemicals, Joseph A. Meyertholen

Theses and Major Papers

The growth of the chemical industry over the past 30 years has contributed significantly to the increased volume of hazardous cargo transported by ocean vessel. The properties of some chemicals in commerce, particularly intermediate products, are such that their movement represents a risk to society in terms of environmental damage, bodily injury, and carcinogenic effects that may not surface for years. This study traces the development of the ocean chemical transportation system with emphasis on the technology, management and regulatory regime that has evolved to control these risks. Selected incidents involving hazardous chemical cargoes are reviewed, highlighting the industry and …

Licensing Of The U. S. Maritime Personnel: The International Impacts, Warren G. Schneeweis

Theses and Major Papers

This paper examines the international and Federal efforts to enhance safety at sea and the protection of the marine environment through the development of standards to improve the training and strengthen the professional qualifications of seafarers. Special regard is made to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, signed by the United States in 1979, and to the proposed amendments to the Federal regulations for licensing U. S. maritime personnel which will bring the U. S. licensing scheme in general conformance with that Convention. This research should lessen resistance to U. S. ratification of …

The Exclusive Economic Zone-Considerations For Management With Special Reference To Developing Nations, John G. Catena

Theses and Major Papers

Having successfully initiated and developed the legal aspects of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) the challenge which now arises for the developing coastal nations is to implement an ocean management system to more fully realize the potential benefits of extended jurisdiction. This study discusses the needs and problems developing nations may encounter in developing such a management system and also considers the ways and means to meet these needs and overcome these problems. The study suggests that coastal nations should adopt an integrated three phased ocean policy process consisting of a (1) priority establishment phase (policy formulation) (2) strategic phase …

Alternative Federal Outer Continental Shelf Oil And Gas Leasing Procedures: Lessons From Programs In Alabama And Texas, Christopher Watson Lynch

Theses and Major Papers

This study is a comparative analysis of the offshore oil and gas leasing programs of Alabama, Texas, and the Federal government. It focuses upon the legal and political, rather than resource, technological, or economic problems that have left the Federal program with a record of unmet expectations and growing frustration. The long history of turmoil that has embroiled the Federal leasing program since the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill and Arab oil crises is reviewed. The leasing and regulatory programs of Alabama, Texas, and the Federal government are outlined. Alternatives to current Federal procedures, reflecting State practices, are considered, including …

Maritime Boundaries Between Trinidad And Tobago/Venezuela/Barbados And Grenada - Its Impact On Offshore Oil, Patty Marajh

Theses and Major Papers

The future of the economy of Trinidad and Tobago is heavily dependent upon the exploitation of the hydrocarbon resources in its continental shelf. Trinidad's geographical proximity to the Venezuelan mainland is relevant because both states share the same continental shelf in areas not delimited by the 1942 gulf of Paria Treaty. The continental shelves of Barbados and Grenada also intersect and these areas have not been delimited and defined by any agreement. The current expansion of the exploration and exploitation of crude oil and natural gas have raised several problems within recent years. This thesis will focus attention to the …

Balancing Conservation And Development In Maryland's Coastal Zone: A Program Evaluation, James G. Turek

Theses and Major Papers

An evaluation of a federal regulatory program administered by the Baltimore District Corps of Engineers (COE), governing certain development activities in Maryland's coastal zone, was conducted to (1) identify cumulative development and wetland impact outcomes that occurred over a 5-year (1981-1985) period; and (2) assess a component of the decision-making process that resulted in these outcomes. This study focuses specifically on program coordination between the COE and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to evaluate how the process has been affected by (1) programmatic changes resultant of the Reagan Administration's regulatory reform; and (2) societal demands as indicated by changes …

Scarcity-Induced Conflict: The Lebanese-Israeli Conflict Over Water, Hussein A. Amery

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This thesis sets out to determine possible links between the depleting water resources in Israel and the country’s hegemony over the water-rich area of south Lebanon. The early Zionist and later Israeli leaders have coveted the Litani river of Lebanon, to which Israel has had access since 1978. Israel’s replenishable water stock is being fully utilized. This fact is the basis of the theoretical motif of the thesis, namely the state conflict induced by resource scarcity. Thus conflict theory is discussed and a model of conflict process is derived.

Also discussed are 1) the reasons for the high water consumption …

Sorption Of Nonpolar Organics On Minerals And Aquifer Materials, Thomas B. Stauffer

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The sorption of nonpolar organic chemicals on hydrous oxides, clay minerals, and subsurface aquifer materials was studied using the batch isotherm technique. Radiolabeled (&\sp{lcub}14{rcub}&C) trichloroethylene, orthodichlorobenzene, naphthalene, and 1-methylnaphthalene were sorbed on mineral sorbents, subsurface aquifer materials, and a surface soil at six different equilibrium concentrations over a concentration range from 0.001 mg/L to 1.0 mg/L. A knowledge of the sorption coefficients of these fuel components and solvents is necessary to predict the transport of these chemicals through groundwater systems and ultimately to rivers, lakes, and estuaries. Sorption on oxides and surface soils was found to be pH-dependent with decreased …

Biotic Responses On Typha-Monodominant Semipermanent Wetlands To Cattle Grazing, Bryan David Schultz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Changes in the vegetative composition of most palustrine emergent semi-permanent wetlands is primarily a function of water level fluctuation. However, some wetlands do not exhibit vegetational shifts since emergent species such as Typha persist under flooded as well as drought conditions. Numerous techniques to control cattails such as burning and herbicide application have been suggested. The objective of this study was to test the use of cattle grazing as a method of controlling dense cattail stands in semi-permanent wetlands to improve breeding duck habitat. Plots (.81 ha) were established in the emergent zone in each of two wetlands (≤ 4 …

Evaluation Of Largemouth Bass And Bluegill Stocking Strategies In South Dakota Ponds, David M. Gilbraith

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Three fish-stocking methods were evaluated to determine the effects of stocking density and chronology on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) survival, growth, and reproductive success during 1983-1985. Two densities of split-stocking largemouth bass with bluegills were compared to the simultaneous introduction of both species. First-year largemouth bass survival was low and variable among treatments. Survival of largemouth bass ranged from 0-85% and averaged 25% among treatments. Bluegill survival, for the first and second years combined, ranged from 0-60% and averaged 22% among two split-stocking treatments. Thirty-six percent of study ponds experienced at least partial winterkill during the …

Habitat Selection And Sexual Suggestion Of Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep In Custer State Park, South Dakota, Larry J. Layne

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Spatial segregation between Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) ram and ewe herds has been documented by Geist (1971), Geist and Petocz (1977), Shank (1979), Morgantini and Hudson (1981), and Hogg (1983), where ram herds consist of mature males approximately 4 years old and older and ewe herds are comprised of all other individuals. Geist (1971), Shank (1979), and Hogg (1983) have shown that segregation occurs year-round except during the breeding season (November and December) when the sexes congregate on a traditional breeding range (cf. Geist 1971, p 209). These studies also have shown that the sexes remain separated …

Rainbow Trout Cage Culture Utilizing Different Strains, Stocking Densities, And Feeding Methods In Eastern South Dakota Dugout Ponds, Jay Patrick Maher

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) cage culture techniques were investigated in dugouts as part of a continuing program to evaluate the potential of small-scale, landowner-based aquaculture operations. Trout raised in the study did not reach a marketable size (200 g) due to the short growing season and small size at stocking. No significant (P >0.05) differences in growth were detected between stocking densities of 60, 80, 100, and 120 fish/m³. Demand feeding resulted in significantly greater length (P≤0.01), weight (P≤0.01), and relative weight (P≤0.05) than hand feeding in both years tested. Rainbow trout of the Hildebrand strain reached a significantly greater …

Impact Of Grazing Systems On Rodent And Cottontail Rabbit Populations In South Texas, Meenakshi Nagendran

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Study sites were established at Rob and Bessie Welder Refuge and Encino Division of the King Ranch in south Texas to monitor the impact of Short-duration cell grazing (SDG) and Continuous grazing on small mammal and cottontail rabbit populations. Small mammals were live trapped (With occasional snap trapping) and cottontails were spotlighted. Vertical and horizontal components of vegetative structure were measured in terms of percent cover. There was paucity of rodents on the Welder Refuge – 8 captures for 9705 trap nights. In 1984 127 cottontails/km) and in 1985-1986 64 cottontails were seen along 436.8 km of road transects (.14 …

First Year Growth And Survival Of Walleyes In Power Plant Evaporation And Holding Reservoirs, Michael P. Faler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum) were stocked at a rate of 88 fish/hectare in two South Dakota power plant reservoirs and their growth and survival were monitored for one year. Length, weight, and survival of walleyes were significantly (P < 0.05) different between the two reservoirs. The walleyes attained a mean length of 230 mm (range 192 - 265 mm) in the Evaporation Reservoir and 205 mm (range 177-250 mm) in the Holding Reservoir. Mean weights attained by the fish were 104 g (range 65 - 165 g) in the Evaporation Reservoir and 89 g (range 48 - 135 g) in the Holding Reservoir. The growth rates of walleyes in the two reservoirs were inversely related to survival and standing crops. Walleye survival in the Evaporation Reservoir was 1.5% (0.95 C.L., 0.9 - 2.8%) with a standing crop of 0.13 kg/hectare, whereas survival in the Holding Reservoir was 17.2% (0.95 c,L., 13.5 - 22.9%) with a standing crop of 1.33 kg/ hectare. Walleye standing crop estimates, calculated in terms of weight of fish per volume of water beneath the ice, -were similar in the two reservoirs1 standing crops were 0.06 kg/1000 m3 in the Evaporation Reservoir, and 0.08 kg/1000 m3 in the Holding Reservoir. Estimated forage fish standing crops were 1 .21 kg/hectare in the Evaporation Reservoir and 1.91 kg/hectare in the Holding Reservoir.

Impacts Of Stocking Herbivorous Fishes For Aquatic Macophyte Removal Upon South Dakota Ponds, John Christopher Young

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Aquatic macrophyte removal by herbivorous fishes was investigated to determine changes in the predator-prey relationship of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, and bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus, stocked into 15 prairie ponds. Monosex grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and hybrid grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella x Hypophthalmicthys nobilis, were each stocked at a rate of 247 fish/hectare into five study ponds. Largemouth bass and bluegills were each stocked into 12 study ponds at 247 fish/hectare in July, and 1235 fish/hectare in September, 1984, respectively. Additional largemouth bass were stocked at a rate of 247 fish/hectare into nine study ponds in July, 1985. Conductivity was the …

Habitat Use By Beaver Along The Big Sioux River, Charles D. Dieter

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Habitat utilization and lodge site selection by beaver (Castor canadensis) were investigated during 1985 and 1986 along the Big Sioux River in eastern South Dakota. Because livestock grazing has affected the number and size of trees available for beaver use, the study area was portioned into grazed, ungrazed, and farmed habitat. Diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees in grazed areas was greater (p < 0.01) than in ungrazed or farmed areas. Almost half (48%) of the trees in ungrazed areas were small (DBH < 7.5 cm), while a majority (58%) of the trees in grazed areas had large diameters (DBH > 30 cm). Beaver activity was evident on 286 of 2410 (11.8%) trees (DBH > 2.5 cm) and 756 of 7,794 (9.7%) stems (DBH < 2.5cm) sampled. A greater proportion (p < 0.01) of trees were cut by beavers in ungrazed than in grazed areas. Beaver did not select tree species for cutting according to availability (p < 0.01). Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) was selected for cutting while both boxelder (Acer negundo) and hawthorn (Crataegus mollis) were selected against. Sandbar willow (Salix exigua) stems were important for food and building materials. Trees cut by beaver were significantly smaller in diameter (p < 0.01) than uncut trees. Mean distance from water of cut trees was also less (p < 0.01) than for uncut trees. Over half (52%) of the trees damaged by beaver were not killed and either resprouted or remained alive and standing. Of 8 variables examined at lodge sites, analysis indicated that the 2 most important factors in beaver lodge site selection were riverbank slope and horizontal cover density between 0.9 m and 1.8 m above ground (read from 10 m). Mean slope of the riverbank at lodge sites (40.7 degrees) was greater (p < 0.01) than at control sites (26.7 degrees), while mean horizontal cover density between 0.9 m and 1.8 m (read from 10 m) was also greater (p < 0.01) at lodge sites (53%) than at control sites (28%). Ungrazed habitat was selected by beaver for lodge sites, and grazed areas were selected against. Although 40% of the study area was ungrazed, 27 of 33 (82%) active lodges were located in these areas. Ungrazed areas along the Big Sioux River are important for beaver populations and selection for these areas by beaver reflects habitat quality.

Interaction Of Long Waves And Nearshore Barred Topography--A Mechanism Of Bar Migration, Chang-Shik Kim

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

It has been widely observed in nature that longshore bar topography changes profile in the onshore-offshore direction. It is common for some bars to migrate onshore during post-storm phases and offshore during storms. Although the behavior of submarine bars has been widely reported, its mechanisms and forcings are far less clear. to determine the mechanism for bar migration or for the persistence of bar systems, a numerical model is developed, which accounts for the mass transport velocities in the bottom boundary layer induced by a family of combined long waves at surf-beat frequencies and wind waves. The present approach simulates …

An Assessment And Comparison Of Hazardous Waste Management Hessen, Frg And Ontario, Canada, Elaine F. Collis

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Hazardous waste management has recently become an issue of great concern for governments in industrialized countries. In spite of this, no one country has established a successful framework which guarantees the safe handling and disposal of hazardous wastes. The ideal system would generate no hazardous wastes in the first place but this, of course, is wishful thinking for highly industrialized societies. The next best or “preferred” solution is a system which emphasized reduction and recycling of hazardous wastes. The existing waste management systems in the world today, however, almost exclusively emphasize treatment and disposal. This thesis assesses the hazardous waste …

The Incorporation Of Environmental Perception Information Into Wilderness Park Safety Planning, Thomas Craig Waldichuk

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The park safety planning process currently in use limits users’ inputs to accident statistics. It would be better to more accurately anticipate accident-prone locations and to take preventative measures. A planning methodology is proposed which integrates the safety perceptions of park users into the decision-making for locating facilities and services: the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) serves as a systematic planning guide for such decision-making and is compatible with park policy and objectives. Applications to Garibaldi Provincial Park, British Columbia, and statistical and cartographic analyses of 273 questionnaires returned from there, indicate that park users’ perceptions can be advantageously incorporated into …