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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Assessing The Effects Of Chemical Mixtures Using A Bayesian Network-Relative Risk Model (Bn- Rrm) Integrating Adverse Outcome Pathways (Aops) In Four Watersheds, Valerie R. Chu
WWU Graduate School Collection
Chemical mixtures are difficult to assess at the individual scale and are more challenging at the population scale. I have conducted a regional-scale ecological risk assessment by evaluating the effects of chemical mixtures on populations with a Bayesian Network- Relative Risk Model (BN-RRM) in four Washington state watersheds (Skagit, Nooksack, Cedar and Yakima). Organophosphate pesticides (diazinon, malathion and chlorpyrifos) were chosen as the chemical stressors and the Puget Sound Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) were chosen as the population endpoint. Laboratory tests found that organophosphate pesticide mixtures act synergistically and impair acetylcholinesterase activity. Exposure-response equations for …
Daytime Summer Microclimate Influence Of Large Woody Debris On Dewatered Sediments In Lake Mills, Wa Following Dam Removal, Mariah J. Colton
Daytime Summer Microclimate Influence Of Large Woody Debris On Dewatered Sediments In Lake Mills, Wa Following Dam Removal, Mariah J. Colton
WWU Graduate School Collection
In 2014, dam removal from the Elwha River, Washington state, exposed large areas of previously submerged sediment. The Olympic National Park placed ~100 large logs on 2 ha of exposed sediment to promote plant establishment. I quantified patterns of three microclimate variables near logs: wind speed at 10-cm height (u10), sediment temperature (TS), and evaporation rate (E); and their relationships to broader environmental factors. The northern-most log, exposed to northerly winds, was measured along 3-m perpendicular transects 14 times during August and September 2015. I determined nonlinear and multilevel regressions to investigate …
The Associations Of Epiphytic Macroinvertebrates And Aquatic Macrophytes In Canyon Lake, Wa, Jesse T. (Jesse Tyler) Klinger
The Associations Of Epiphytic Macroinvertebrates And Aquatic Macrophytes In Canyon Lake, Wa, Jesse T. (Jesse Tyler) Klinger
WWU Graduate School Collection
Macroinvertebrate abundances on six dominant macrophytes taxa were compared in Canyon Lake, Washington to determine whether there were patterns of association with macrophyte type or among assemblages of macroinvertebrates. Macrophytes and associated epiphytic macroinvertebrates were collected during August 2016. The dominant macrophyte distribution and lakes bathymetry were mapped in July 2016. The dominant macrophytes included Equisetum fluviatile, Fontinalis antipyretica, Potamogeton natans, Potamogeton epihydrus, Ranunculus aquatilis, and Vallisneria americana. Other non-dominant macrophytes included: Sparganium angustifolium, Sphagnum mosses, Nuphar polysepala, Characeae (stonewort), Isoetes (quillwort) and Potamogeton pusillus. Macroinvertebrate taxa were identified to the …
Characterization Of Particulate Matter Accumulated On Ramalina Farinacea In The Seattle Area Using Semi-Automated Electron Microscopy, Tor G. (Tor Gunnar) Guddal
Characterization Of Particulate Matter Accumulated On Ramalina Farinacea In The Seattle Area Using Semi-Automated Electron Microscopy, Tor G. (Tor Gunnar) Guddal
WWU Graduate School Collection
Semi-automated scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) can be used to determine the size and composition of filtered particulate matter (PM). This information is valuable for determining the identity and contribution of overlapping air emissions. One limitation of this method is the cost of filtering PM at enough locations to give meaningful spatial data. To address this limitation, I developed an exploratory method to collect PM using Ramalina farinacea for semi-automated SEM analysis as a component of lichen biomonitoring studies. I applied this method as a proof of concept in the Seattle area to better understand trends …
Vertical Distribution Of Olympia Oyster (Ostrea Lurida) Larvae In Fidalgo Bay, Wa, Brooke A. Mcintyre
Vertical Distribution Of Olympia Oyster (Ostrea Lurida) Larvae In Fidalgo Bay, Wa, Brooke A. Mcintyre
WWU Graduate School Collection
Restoring populations of native Olympia oyster (Ostrea lurida) in the Salish Sea is ecologically and socially valuable. Olympia oysters disperse as planktonic larvae that control their depth with swimming and sinking behaviors, which can affect the currents that carry them and ultimately determine dispersal. Understanding larval dispersal patterns can help prioritize restoration efforts and establish a self-sustaining network of oyster populations in the region. The purpose of this study was to determine which factors (temperature, chlorophyll-a, larval size, current speed, tidal stage) influence the vertical distribution of Olympia oyster larvae in Fidalgo Bay, which is a …
A Search For Blue Carbon In Central Salish Sea Eelgrass Meadows, Mira D. (Mira Diana) Lutz
A Search For Blue Carbon In Central Salish Sea Eelgrass Meadows, Mira D. (Mira Diana) Lutz
WWU Graduate School Collection
This study quantified eelgrass (Zostera marina) sediment organic carbon and carbon sequestration rates in Skagit County,Wa, in sites likely to support organic content and sediment accretion, the key components for carbon sequestration. These data may inform eelgrass-specific projects aimed at mitigating climate change through the protection and restoration of “blue carbon” ecosystems. Blue carbon is the carbon stored or emitted by coastal wetlands, which have the capacity to sequester more organic carbon (OC) than equivalent areas of mature forest. This study follows recent research from a single site within Padilla Bay, Wa. (Padilla transect), reporting OC stock approximately three times …
Interactive Effects Of Ocean Acidification And Ocean Warming On Pacific Herring (Clupea Pallasi) Early Life Stages, Cristina Villalobos
Interactive Effects Of Ocean Acidification And Ocean Warming On Pacific Herring (Clupea Pallasi) Early Life Stages, Cristina Villalobos
WWU Graduate School Collection
The synergy of ocean acidification and ocean warming may lead to negative effects in marine organism responses that would be absent under single stressors. While adult fish are effective acid-base regulators, early life stages may be more susceptible to environmental stressors. Pacific herring are ecologically and economically important forage fish native to the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW), and several herring populations in the PNW have experienced reductions in stock abundance. Studies to date have focused on Atlantic herring, and little is known about the response of Pacific herring to ocean acidification and warming. Therefore, this study focused on the combined …
The Benefits Of A Therapeutic Nature Education Intervention For Children With Adhd, Madeline Dineen
The Benefits Of A Therapeutic Nature Education Intervention For Children With Adhd, Madeline Dineen
WWU Graduate School Collection
ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) diagnoses have been on the rise in children in the United States for the last twenty years due to multiple possible reasons (NIMH, 2016). Recent work on the subject, however, notes a positive correlation between exposure of children to experience-based nature therapy and the reduction of ADHD symptoms (Taylor & Kuo 2011). I hypothesized that implementing an intervention that is in an outdoor nature environment, that is experience-based and contains a learning objective would be correlated with a reduction of ADHD behaviors in elementary aged children. This study is a probe into the possibility of …
The Effectiveness Of Forested And Hedgerow Riparian Buffers For Buffering Water Temperature And Improving Fish Habitat In Agricultural Waterways In Western Washington, Jessica L. (Jessica Lynne) Shaw
The Effectiveness Of Forested And Hedgerow Riparian Buffers For Buffering Water Temperature And Improving Fish Habitat In Agricultural Waterways In Western Washington, Jessica L. (Jessica Lynne) Shaw
WWU Graduate School Collection
Riparian restoration is a component of nearly every salmon recovery strategy. In the lowlands of the Nooksack River flood plain in Western Washington State, planted riparian buffers in agricultural landscapes must perform multiple functions to improve water quality and fish habitat while still allowing access to agricultural land use. Relatively narrow, 15 feet (4.6 meter) wide buffers, are a more palatable option for landowners than 35 feet (10.7 meters) which is required to be considered for cost incentive programs such as the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP). We wanted to discover whether these two relatively narrow buffer widths would result …
Environmental Interpretation Plan For The Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail, Rosalie Matsumoto
Environmental Interpretation Plan For The Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail, Rosalie Matsumoto
WWU Graduate School Collection
As lead researcher and developer of the Interpretation Plan for the Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail, this document will detail the background, research, and process involved to develop such a plan for the US Forest Service. I will first conceptualize Interpretation as a profession and its relation to and with Environmental Education with supporting research to help give context to the next section: an introduction to my project. After introducing the Interpretation Plan, I will detail my work and process to develop the Foundational Information, or the core of the Plan. Finally, I will conclude with my challenges, learnings, and …