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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Disappearance And Recoverability Of Songbird Carcasses In Fruit Orchards, Mark E. Tobin, Richard A. Dolbeer
Disappearance And Recoverability Of Songbird Carcasses In Fruit Orchards, Mark E. Tobin, Richard A. Dolbeer
USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Songbird mortality due to agricultural pesticides is often assessed by searching treated areas for carcasses. However, carcass removal by scavengers and the failure of searchers to find carcasses that are present may bias mortality estimates. We conducted two studies in 1987 and 1988 in New York to evaluate such biases at the time of fruit maturation in cherry and apple orchards. In the first study, mean survival times for carcasses were 8.2 d in cherry and 10.4 d in apple orchards. In the second study, searchers located an average of 75% of carcasses placed in orchards. Our results suggest that …
Alternatives To Fisher's "Exact Test" For Analyzing 2 X 2 Tables With Small Cell Sizes, Richard M. Engeman
Alternatives To Fisher's "Exact Test" For Analyzing 2 X 2 Tables With Small Cell Sizes, Richard M. Engeman
USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Rice (1988a) presents an interesting test for analyzing 2 X 2 contingency tables in the smaller sample size situations. His motivation was to provide an alternative to Fisher's "exact test" and his rationale was based on the application of a prior distribution to the probability of a success, 0, under the null hypothesis. We would like to briefly comment on these aspects of his paper and also discuss another alternative that was proposed a number of years ago.
Boreal Toad In Clear Creek County, Colorado, Richard M. Engeman, Robert W. Connell
Boreal Toad In Clear Creek County, Colorado, Richard M. Engeman, Robert W. Connell
USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Many amphibian populations worldwide have experienced recent population declines (e.g. Barinaga 1990). Included among these are declines for the boreal toad (Bufo boreas boreas) in the central Rocky Mountains (Corn et al. 1989; Stolzenburg 1989). The extent of the population declines is such that boreal toad populations in the Rocky Mountains have been included on the list of species to be reviewed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for Threatened or Endangered status (Federal Register 1989). We report here an additional population site for the boreal toad in Colorado.