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- Chlorophyll (2)
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- Limnology (2)
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- Freshwater phytoplankton (1)
- Freshwater plankton (1)
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- Lake Mead (Ariz. and Nev.) (1)
- Las Vegas Bay (Nev.) (1)
- Las Vegas Wash (Nev.) (1)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 40
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Phytoplankton Successions And Lake Dynamics In Las Vegas Bay, Lake Mead, Nevada, Ervon R. Koening, Richard W. Tew, James E. Deacon
Phytoplankton Successions And Lake Dynamics In Las Vegas Bay, Lake Mead, Nevada, Ervon R. Koening, Richard W. Tew, James E. Deacon
Publications (WR)
Phytoplankton successions, applications of the general growth equation, and physical measurements have been employed to investigate events occurring at the interface between industrial and sewage effluent contained in Las Vegas Wash and the waters of Lake Mead, Nevada. The data indicate that the entering waters tend to form a density current interrupted at intervals by dynamic effects generated in the lake. The dynamic relationships described here for the spring months suggest that a much more thorough understanding of physical, chemical and biological interactions is necessary to permit solution of the numerous problems of Las Vegas Bay discussed or alluded to …
A Mathmatical Model Of Primary Productivity And Limnological Patterns In Lake Mead, Lorne G. Everett
A Mathmatical Model Of Primary Productivity And Limnological Patterns In Lake Mead, Lorne G. Everett
Publications (WR)
The temporal and spatial changes in chemical and biological properties of Lake Mead have been investigated, thereby indicating the sources of water pollution and the time of highest pollution potential. Planktonic organisms have been shown to indicate the presence of water problems. Macro- and micro-nutrient analyses have shown that primary productivity is not inhibited by limiting concentrations. A mathematical model has been developed, tested with one set of independent data, and shown worthy of management utility. Although the model works very well for the Lake Mead area, the physical reality of the Multiple Linear Regression equation should be tested on …
Conference Participants, Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
Conference Participants, Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
The Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference drew a registered attendance of 239 with an estimated additional 50-75 persons who attended portions of the conference but did not register. As in past conferences, the attendance was made up of individuals having varying interests in vertebrate pest problems from twenty two states plus the District of Columbia. Participants from Canada, Denmark, England, Germany, India and New Zealand contributed greatly to the success of the conference and provided further exchange of information on an international level.
Tolerance Shown By Rattus Rattus To An Anticoagulant Rodenticide, P. J. Deoras, G. C. Chaturvedi, N. E. Vad, D. M. Renapurkar
Tolerance Shown By Rattus Rattus To An Anticoagulant Rodenticide, P. J. Deoras, G. C. Chaturvedi, N. E. Vad, D. M. Renapurkar
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
Apart from using 0.005% concentration, the recommended field dose of 0.025% of the anticoagulant is used along with an alternate food for individual rats for a varying number of days. Those that had survived were taken as tolerant, provided they showed an mg/kg intake beyond the tolerance limit, survived a six days of feeding, exhibited bait-shyness and did not exhibit hemorrhage after death. In determining the criteria for tolerance to an anticoagulant by a rat, one should take into account four composite factors. These are, six days of even 0.025% feeding, bait-shyness when alternate food is given, higher mg/kg intake …
Commensal Rodent Control, D. R. Maddock, H. F. Schoof
Commensal Rodent Control, D. R. Maddock, H. F. Schoof
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
SUMMARY: Federal Urban Rat Control Program grants were awarded to cities in different areas of the United States. Severe problems of rat infestations have been detected in many of the cities by the Environmental Health Service. Approximately 20% of 3.8 million people in the project areas were occupying homes infested with rats. Control operations are now in effect in all cities, and the living conditions of the people have been substantially improved. An increase in interest in rodent control also is evident in countries outside of the United States. The Technical Development Laboratories of the National Communicable Disease Center are …
What’S Ahead In Predator Management, Maynard W. Cummings
What’S Ahead In Predator Management, Maynard W. Cummings
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
Editors note: Because of the great need for exchange of information concerning predator management, I have requested and received permission from the author to include in the Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings this paper presented at the Predator Ecology Symposium held in Orland, California, March 1, 1972.
There may not be many things about predators that everyone here agrees upon, but I do believe you all are certain that major changes are about to be made in their management. You all are aware of two recent proclamations of change, the President's Executive Order No. 11643 of February 8, 1972, and the …
Closing Remarks - Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Warren V. Johnson
Closing Remarks - Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Warren V. Johnson
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
As this concludes the Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference, I would like to thank all of you for your attendance and the enthusiasm you have shown throughout the meeting. Any suggestions or comments you may have to improve future meetings will be appreciated. On behalf of the California Vertebrate Pest Committee, I want to thank all speakers for their contributions and the Session Chairmen for a job well done in keeping the program moving smoothly. Also a special thanks to those individuals, organizations and agencies that contributed to the preparation for the success of this Conference, particularly the Chairmen and members …
Contents, Committees, And Frontmatter
Contents, Committees, And Frontmatter
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
No abstract provided.
Muskrats In Central Europe And Their Control, Kurt Becker
Muskrats In Central Europe And Their Control, Kurt Becker
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
An account of the introduction of muskrats into Europe and their spread over the countries of Europe is presented. The reasons why the animal should be controlled are discussed. Legal regulations often do not keep up with the requirements and economic and political circumstances and frequently have encouraged the spread of muskrats. The use of traps alone does not solve the problem of their control. Therefore research is looking for suitable poisons and a good practice to apply them. At present this question cannot be answered satisfactorily.
The Strategy For Controlling Rodent Damage To Pines In The Canadian Mid-West, C. H. Buckner
The Strategy For Controlling Rodent Damage To Pines In The Canadian Mid-West, C. H. Buckner
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
The transitional zone between prairie and boreal forest in Manitoba and Saskatchewan is more suited to the needs of forestry than to agriculture. Tree production is difficult in this zone for a number of reasons, one of which is the depredations of small mammals, especially the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord.). Vole populations peak every 3 to 5 years and on the average irruptions of serious importance occur about every 10 years. Populations in the transitional zone are generally higher than those in the treed areas of adjacent zones: areas of extreme populations coincide with areas of greatest forestry concern. …
The Need Of Surface Sprays For The Control Of Microtine Rodents, Mogens Lund
The Need Of Surface Sprays For The Control Of Microtine Rodents, Mogens Lund
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
Four Microtine species, the field vole (Microtus agrestis), the continental vole (Microtus arvalis), the water vole (Arvicola terrestris) arid the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) are the most harmful rodents in forests, fields, orchards and gardens in Northern and Central Europe. Except for the latter they are all herbivorous, their food consisting to a very low degree of seeds and grain. As a consequence dry poison baits are not well accepted most of the year. The only economic and effective control method until now has been surface spraying with the chlorinated hydrocarbons endrin and toxaphene. As these chemicals are now black-listed …
Methiocarb, A Chemical Bird Repellent: A Review Of Its Effectiveness On Crops, Joseph L. Guarino
Methiocarb, A Chemical Bird Repellent: A Review Of Its Effectiveness On Crops, Joseph L. Guarino
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
Since 1964, when the effectiveness of methiocarb for preventing pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) from damaging sprouting corn was proven in South Dakota, an aggressive program has been carried out by personnel of the Denver Wildlife Research Center and many cooperators to develop methiocarb as a broad spectrum avian repellent. The successful use of methiocarb for preventing damage caused by several species of birds to sprouting corn in several states and to sprouting soybeans in South America is reviewed. Recent results obtained from spraying methiocarb on ripening rice in California, ripening sorghum in Colorado and Oklahoma, cherries in Michigan, and grapes in …
The Extension Trapper System In Kansas, F. Robert Henderson
The Extension Trapper System In Kansas, F. Robert Henderson
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
Kansas is unique because it is the only state that has an organized state-wide program that is administered through the State Cooperative Extension Service and where that program is the only form of a governmental predator program in the state. Missouri and the eastern part of South Dakota have Extension Trapper Systems administered through the state wildlife conservation departments. These states also pay bounties on predatory animals. Kansas does not. To fully appreciate the Kansas system, it is important to understand the agency that administers the program. Let us briefly review the Cooperative Extension Service, Created by the Smith-Lever Act …
Starling Control In Sonoma County, Harry F. Mccracken
Starling Control In Sonoma County, Harry F. Mccracken
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
The European Starling, Sturnus vulgaris, began the invasion of California from the north and east as early as the late 1930's. In the winter of 1954, 20,000 of these birds were reported spending the winter in or near the Sonoma, Mendocino Coast. Then in 1961, Walter Ball, at that time the Chief of the Bureau of Rodent and Weed Control in Sacramento, in a talk to the Agricultural Commissioners at the Spring Convention, stated Starlings had been reported from nearly every section of California. In reviewing Walter Ball's paper given at that time, it is somewhat surprising how accurately the …
Avian Thermoregulation And Its Significance In Starling Control, Robert G. Schwab, Vincent F. Schafer
Avian Thermoregulation And Its Significance In Starling Control, Robert G. Schwab, Vincent F. Schafer
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
The ability of birds and mammals to maintain a relatively stable internal body temperature while under a considerable range of ambient environmental temperatures results in distinct ecological and physiological advantages. A constant body temperature facili-tates the activity of homeothermic (warm-blooded) animals in cold environments because the many temperature-dependent physiological and biochemical processes of the body are un-impeded. Conversely, poikilothermic (cold-blooded) animals lack the ability for precise thermoregulation and can function at top physiological efficiency only when ambient environmental temperatures are within a rather narrow optimum range. Homeothermia is accomplished by a system of physiological feed-back mechanisms which maintain a thermal …
An Innovation In Roof Rat Control, Donald R. Brothers
An Innovation In Roof Rat Control, Donald R. Brothers
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
Within the past ten years, the roof rat (Rattus rattus) problem in residential Santa Clara County has developed from an insignificant nuisance to one of major concern. When a considerable number of complaints to the Santa Clara County Health Department reported roof rats on telephone cables, a study was made of 29 city blocks to determine the feasibility of utility pole baiting as a means of roof rat control. In the baiting process, rat signs were commonly observed on telephone equipment attached to the utility poles. A correlation was observed between bait consumption and the close proximity of vegetation to …
House Mouse Behavior And Its Significance To Control, W. D. Klimstra
House Mouse Behavior And Its Significance To Control, W. D. Klimstra
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
It seems explicitly evident that animal control practices must now, and especially in the future, emphasize fuller appreciation of the habits of each kind of animal. Further, this will require consideration be given to behavioral aspects as expressed by a population as a whole of a given species, as well as each individual animal within that population. Animals react with one another and with all characteristics of their environment; and, this in turn results in an identifiable reaction or behavior of each population as a unit of social organization. Although within broad limits some aspects of these responses, whether individual …
Rat Reduction With Indigenous Methods, P. J. Deoras
Rat Reduction With Indigenous Methods, P. J. Deoras
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
Mujumdar (1968) has recorded that there are 566,000 villages in India as compared to 2699 towns, and that there is 322,460,000 acres of cultivable land and probably 500 million domestic rats in India. The food production target in 1968 in India was to be 110 million tons. National rodent committee 1967 mentioned of a loss of one million ton of food grains by rats alone. Deoras (1968) has mentioned that 3 common rats in Bombay were consuming 26 gm. of food grains per day, that is, about one ounce, while the quantum of cereal rations available per man in some …
Keynote Address - Vertebrates: A Resource Needing Management, Donald A. Spencer
Keynote Address - Vertebrates: A Resource Needing Management, Donald A. Spencer
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
A veritable storm of concern for wildlife - approaching biotechnology - is currently sweeping the nation. Some of this concern has a sound basis. But the very best of ideas and programs can be carried so far that they become irrational. We appear to be driving head-on into irrational actions with respect to environmental good housekeeping. The vegetative cover in the United States has changed markedly as the result of Man's occupancy, reducing the habitat on which some wildlife species depend and greatly enhancing that of others. Competition, a no-holds-barred struggle, continues unabated between all living things for the finite …
The Extending Of Cotton Rat Range In California - Their Life History And Control, Dell O. Clark
The Extending Of Cotton Rat Range In California - Their Life History And Control, Dell O. Clark
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus eremicus Mearns) are known to have reached the Imperial Valley in 1921 from the Colorado River along canal banks. Recently (1967-69) cotton rats were found distributed throughout the irrigated portion of the Imperial Valley, Imperial County, California. Limited crop damage has occurred and is described. Life history information is included. Control measures are listed.
Status And Control Of Nutria In California, Frank Schitoskey Jr., James Evans, G. Keith Lavoie
Status And Control Of Nutria In California, Frank Schitoskey Jr., James Evans, G. Keith Lavoie
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
Although feral nutria (Myocastor coypus) have been present in California since the mid-1940's, they are quite scarce and at present are causing little or no agricultural damage. Present state regulations and pest detection activities will probably prevent them from becoming a serious economic pest. Should control ever become necessary, studies in other areas indicate that shooting, trapping, and baiting with zinc phosphide should be effective.
Protecting Coniferous Seeds From Rodents, Andrew Radvanyi
Protecting Coniferous Seeds From Rodents, Andrew Radvanyi
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
For almost a half century now repeated failures in direct seeding operations on cutover forest lands in North America had been largely blamed on the unproven destruction of the seed supply by small mammals. In 1960, the Canadian Wildlife Service undertook a research project to ascertain the possible fate of white spruce seeds placed into the natural environment and the influence which small mammal populations may have upon such a seed supply. By equipping each seed with a microscopic radio-transmitter (radio isotopes), the seeds could be left in the field for up to one year and then recovered intact or …
Methodology For Measuring Taste And Odor Preference Of Rodents, R. D. Thompson, S. A. Shumake, R. W. Bullard
Methodology For Measuring Taste And Odor Preference Of Rodents, R. D. Thompson, S. A. Shumake, R. W. Bullard
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
Taste enhancers and olfactory attractants are needed to improve bait acceptance for rodent control, but most methods for evaluating preference for taste and odor stimuli are not suitable for screening large numbers of such compounds. This paper describes two automated preference testers designed for this purpose. The taste preference apparatus is based on the principle of the brief-exposure, foods-together technique, whereby the animal briefly samples each food alone, in alternate sequence, before the two foods are presented together, in alternate positions. The odor preference tester is based on an open-field maze, whereby the test animal samples each of four odor …
Opening Remarks - Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Rex E. Marsh
Opening Remarks - Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Rex E. Marsh
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
It is a pleasure to welcome you to the Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference. It has been 10 years since the first Conference was held in Sacramento in February of 1962. The attendance has grown at each successive conference and, from the looks of the audience this morning, we shall surpass all previous records. It would, however, be wrong to judge the significance of this conference on attendance alone, for we are equally or more concerned with the quality of the conference and its ultimate contribution to the specialized area of wildlife management. The Conference is sponsored by the California Vertebrate …
A Preference-Testing System For Evaluating Repellents For Black-Tailed Deer, Dan L. Campbell, Roger W. Bullard
A Preference-Testing System For Evaluating Repellents For Black-Tailed Deer, Dan L. Campbell, Roger W. Bullard
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
In a program to evaluate repellents for protecting Douglas-fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings from browsing by black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus), a preference-testing system was developed to supplement preliminary pen tests. The system uses an apparatus that presents individual test deer with a choice between two foods (usually feed pellets treated with a candidate repellent or a marginally palatable standard). The two foods are presented, in alternating positions, only long enough for the deer to make a choice; results are recorded in terms of percent choices made for the candidate repellents, or percent consumption. Tests thus far with a number of candidate …
The Oregon Ground Squirrel In Northeastern California; Its Adaptation To A Changing Agricultural Environment, Loring White
The Oregon Ground Squirrel In Northeastern California; Its Adaptation To A Changing Agricultural Environment, Loring White
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
As early as 1918, populations of the Oregon ground squirrel [Citellus oregonus (Merriam)] were reported to be increasing in northeastern California, presumably because of “the extensive clearing of the sagebrush and seeding of these clearings to grain and hay." Populations of this locally important field rodent have continued to increase since that time with the further development of agriculture. Observations of the author during the past quarter of a century indicate that ground squirrels in the most intensively farmed areas are changing their habits; and may be evolving into an ecotype markedly dissimilar to that which existed in the pristine …
Zinc Phosphide−A New Look At An Old Rodenticide For Field Rodents, Glenn A. Hood
Zinc Phosphide−A New Look At An Old Rodenticide For Field Rodents, Glenn A. Hood
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
Of the many toxicants tested to control field rodents, compound 1080 (sodium monof1uoroacetate), strychnine alkaloid, and zinc phosphide are the only effective single-dose rodenticides currently available. Considering the federal requirements for use in food and feed crops, zinc phosphide is the toxicant most likely to be registered for field rodent control. It is generally well accepted by rodents, is relatively safe for nontarget species, and does not seriously contaminate the environment. It is already registered, with an established tolerance, for use in one food crop (Hawaiian sugarcane). The Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife is conducting research, some in cooperation …
Experimental Population Suppression Of Richardson's Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Richardsonii) In Alberta, Dale E. Alsager, Robert Yaremko
Experimental Population Suppression Of Richardson's Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Richardsonii) In Alberta, Dale E. Alsager, Robert Yaremko
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
Richardson's Ground Squirrel is one of the most economically harmful rodents in east central Alberta. In an effort to develop an effective, safe, economical and practical method of long-term population control over large areas, experimental field testing was begun in 1970 to evaluate a variety of potential control techniques. Although tests with a machine bait applicator proved unsuccessful due to the unique soil structure, its potential in other areas of the province is discussed. Use of portable baiting stations is limited by the manufacturing and maintenance costs as well as the limited attractabi1ity of the stations. Attractabi1ity of the stations …
Barrier Fencing In Wildlife Management, William D. Fitzwater
Barrier Fencing In Wildlife Management, William D. Fitzwater
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
Barrier fences have been used to control animal and human depredations since ancient times. They have exerted considerable influence upon the culture of the "protected" areas even though protection was rarely complete. The following materials have been used in construction of fences: earth, vegetative materials, wire, electric shock, and synthetic materials. Fence designs must consider the size, strength, intelligence and/or instinct, and physical agility of the species to be repelled as well as the attraction of the crop or area for potential depredators. Against deer, the 8-foot upright, vertical overhanging, outrigger and sloping fences are more successful than electric fences. …
Good Practice Statements−Developing Guidelines For The Safe And Efficient Use Of Pesticides, Harold S. Stein Jr.
Good Practice Statements−Developing Guidelines For The Safe And Efficient Use Of Pesticides, Harold S. Stein Jr.
Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)
Because pest control, vertebrate and invertebrate, is an applied science, a disciplined technology is mandatory. The National Pest Control Association, through its technical committees, is developing guidelines for the safe and efficient use of pesticides and for the execution of specific forms of pest control. These guidelines known as "Good Practice Statements" not only reveal a methodology utilizing the cooperative efforts and experiences of commercial pest control operators, representatives of the scientific community, and specialists from pertinent governmental regulatory agencies, but in them-selves as physical documents add to the total expertise of everyone connected with the problems and responsibilities of …