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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Design And Preliminary Evaluation Of A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle For Solar Dish Concentrator Clean Energy Production, Danielle Nobles-Lookingbill
Design And Preliminary Evaluation Of A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle For Solar Dish Concentrator Clean Energy Production, Danielle Nobles-Lookingbill
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
As we move toward energy independence and more ambitious clean energy goals, solar energy research must push the efficiency limits of traditional energy generation systems. Increases in efficiency can be achieved by increasing the hot temperature of the power cycle. Recent research demonstrates the potential for increased efficiency and a vastly smaller component size when supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycles are used. Concentrated solar and nuclear heat sources are capable of achieving the high working fluid temperatures needed for significant efficiency gains. This NSF EPSCoR funded, experimental research system is designed to exploit the uniquely immense solar irradiance of …
Optimization Of Useful Hard X-Ray Photochemistry, David Lewis Goldberger
Optimization Of Useful Hard X-Ray Photochemistry, David Lewis Goldberger
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
X-ray induced damage is generally considered a nuisance, but in the field of Useful Hard X-ray Photochemistry we harness the highly ionizing and penetrating properties of hard X-rays (> 7 keV) to initiate novel photochemical decomposition and synthesis at ambient and extreme conditions. Preliminary experiments suggest that the energy of irradiating photons and the sample pressure play roles in determining the nature of X-ray induced damage. Here, we present the X-ray energy dependence of damage induced in strontium oxalate, strontium nitrate, and barium nitrate, as well as the pressure dependence of X-ray induced damage of strontium oxalate. Our results indicate …
Design, Layout, And Testing Of Sige Apds Fabricated In A Bicmos Process, Dane Laurence Gentry
Design, Layout, And Testing Of Sige Apds Fabricated In A Bicmos Process, Dane Laurence Gentry
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
This Thesis is concerned with the design, layout, and testing of avalanche photodiodes (APDs). APDs are a type of photodetector and, thus, convert light signals into electrical signals (current or voltage). APDs can be fabricated using silicon (Si). In this Thesis, however, three integrated circuit (IC) chips containing various silicon-germanium (SiGe) APDs with different sizes, structures, and geometries were designed, laid out, and fabricated using the Austriamicrosystems (AMS) 0.35μm SiGe BiCMOS (S35) process. This was done in order to compare SiGe APDs to Si only APDs and investigate the hypothesis that SiGe APDs are capable of detecting longer wavelengths than …
Mitigating Accumulation Of Aeolian Dust Particles On Solar Power Generator Panels Without Water, Sanjana Das
Mitigating Accumulation Of Aeolian Dust Particles On Solar Power Generator Panels Without Water, Sanjana Das
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Accumulation of dust on solar panels poses a serious problem as it can significantly reduce light absorption and electrical energy output. Several factors affect the dust accumulation such as location, dust properties, wind velocity, system orientation, ambient temperature, humidity, and panel surface properties. Experimental and theoretical studies show that short circuit current and maximum power output of photovoltaic panels reduce approximately linearly with dust concentration. Incidentally, the locations with higher solar energy concentrations are also arid or semi-arid regions with higher dust concentrations. In order to avoid loss in power output, most PV installations perform periodic panel cleaning with water. …
Conformal Mapping Improvement Of The Boundary Element Method Solution For Underground Water Flow In A Domain With A Very Singular Boundary, Megan Romero
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Numerical solutions using a Boundary Element Method (BEM) for a confined flow in a very singular finite domain are developed. Typically, in scientific journal publications, authors avoid domains with many and more malignant singularities due to the extremely big and difficult to estimate errors in the numerical calculations. Using exact Conformal Mapping solutions for simplified domains with the same singularity as in the original domain, this problem can be solved numerically with improvements introduced by Conformal Mapping solutions. Firstly, to experiment with improving the BEM solution by Conformal Mapping, a domain inside a rectangle is considered. The exact solution inside …
Bi-Directional Testing For Change Point Detection In Poisson Processes, Moinak Bhaduri
Bi-Directional Testing For Change Point Detection In Poisson Processes, Moinak Bhaduri
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Point processes often serve as a natural language to chronicle an event's temporal evolution, and significant changes in the flow, synonymous with non-stationarity, are usually triggered by assignable and frequently preventable causes, often heralding devastating ramifications. Examples include amplified restlessness of a volcano, increased frequencies of airplane crashes, hurricanes, mining mishaps, among others. Guessing these time points of changes, therefore, merits utmost care. Switching the way time traditionally propagates, we posit a new genre of bidirectional tests which, despite a frugal construct, prove to be exceedingly efficient in culling out non-stationarity under a wide spectrum of environments. A journey surveying …
Static And Dynamic Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment Of Potable Reuse Paradigms, Erfaneh Amoueyan
Static And Dynamic Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment Of Potable Reuse Paradigms, Erfaneh Amoueyan
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
In recent years, potable reuse applications have become more common due to population growth and increased water demand, especially in communities with limited or variable water resources. However, there are concerns about potential exposure to pathogens and chemical compounds in treated wastewater. Therefore, advanced wastewater treatment processes are of paramount importance in any potable reuse system. The overall aim of this study was to develop and implement static and dynamic QMRAs to compare public health risk in various potable reuse scenarios. Cryptosporidium, norovirus, adenovirus, and Salmonella were chosen as the target pathogens. The research evaluated the performance of full advanced …
Design & Delivery Of Automated Winston-Lutz Test For Isocentric & Off-Axis Delivery Stability Utilizing Truebeam Developer Mode & Electronic Portal Imaging Device, Mahmoud Mohammad Yaqoub
Design & Delivery Of Automated Winston-Lutz Test For Isocentric & Off-Axis Delivery Stability Utilizing Truebeam Developer Mode & Electronic Portal Imaging Device, Mahmoud Mohammad Yaqoub
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The uncertainties in treatment delivery cannot be ignored in radiation therapy. Thus, the quality assurance QA tests are very important task of the medical physicist in clinical practice. Assuring the coincidence between the mechanical isocenter of the Linear Accelerator (LINAC) and its radiation beams isocenter is one of the most important qualities need to be tested, and the Winston Lust (WL) test is the
most popular technique to perform this task, especially for the treatment modalities which need high precision in beam delivery such as the stereotactic radiosurgery/stereotactic body radiotherapy (SRS/SBRT). The linear accelerator-based SRS/SBRT is a well-established method in …
Design On High Performance Nanoscale Cmos Circuits With Low Temperature Sensitivity, Ming Zhu
Design On High Performance Nanoscale Cmos Circuits With Low Temperature Sensitivity, Ming Zhu
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
With the rapid development of integrated circuit (IC) design and manufacturing technology, the transistor size now can be shrunk into only couple of nanometers whereas billions of transistors can be squeezed into a square millimeter, providing unprecedented computation power. However, accompanied with continuous device miniaturization and increased integration density is the explosive growth of on-chip power dissipation and a wide range of temperature fluctuation, which can heavily and negatively affect the delay performance of the circuit, or in the worst case, the circuit may malfunction and the system can be unreliable. Therefore, improved performance resilience against temperature variations has become …
A Novel Approach To Analyzing Strain Heterogeneity In Polycrystalline Quartz Specimens Deformed At High Pressure And Temperature, Nolan Ambrose Regis
A Novel Approach To Analyzing Strain Heterogeneity In Polycrystalline Quartz Specimens Deformed At High Pressure And Temperature, Nolan Ambrose Regis
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Rheological studies of rocks and minerals allow researchers to study the grain-scale deformation mechanisms that govern large-scale geologic processes from mountain building to mantle mixing. Deforming rock samples with high pressure and temperature apparatuses similar to the Griggs piston cylinder apparatus allows us to simulate deformation at depth. However, many apparatuses are limited to “cook-and-look” analysis and require modeling techniques to determine the evolution of deformation patterns found in experimental samples. A previous study used two-dimensional finite element models to analyze the development of stress and strain patterns in polycrystalline rocks. The study suggested rhythmic patterns in deformed rocks develop …
Fundamental Tradeoffs In Estimation Of Finite-State Hidden Markov Models, Justin Le
Fundamental Tradeoffs In Estimation Of Finite-State Hidden Markov Models, Justin Le
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Hidden Markov models (HMMs) constitute a broad and flexible class of statistical models that are widely used in studying processes that evolve over time and are only observable through the collection of noisy data. Two problems are essential to the use of HMMs: state estimation and parameter estimation. In state estimation, an algorithm estimates the sequence of states of the process that most likely generated a certain sequence of observations in the data. In parameter estimation, an algorithm computes the probability distributions that govern the time-evolution of states and the sampling of data. Although algorithms for the two problems are …