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Articles 1 - 30 of 32
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Magmatic Response To Subduction Initiation: Part 1. Fore-Arc Basalts Of The Izu-Bonin Arc From Iodp Expedition 352, John W. Shervais, Mark Reagan, Emily A. Haugen, Renat R. Almeev, Julian A. Pearce, Julie Prytulak, Jeffrey G. Ryan, Scott A. Whattam, Marguerite Godard, Timothy Chapman, Hongyan Li, Walter Kurz, Wendy R. Nelson, Daniel Heaton, Maria Kirchenbaur, Kenji Shimizu, Tetsuya Sakuyama, Yibing Li, Scott K. Vetter
Magmatic Response To Subduction Initiation: Part 1. Fore-Arc Basalts Of The Izu-Bonin Arc From Iodp Expedition 352, John W. Shervais, Mark Reagan, Emily A. Haugen, Renat R. Almeev, Julian A. Pearce, Julie Prytulak, Jeffrey G. Ryan, Scott A. Whattam, Marguerite Godard, Timothy Chapman, Hongyan Li, Walter Kurz, Wendy R. Nelson, Daniel Heaton, Maria Kirchenbaur, Kenji Shimizu, Tetsuya Sakuyama, Yibing Li, Scott K. Vetter
Geosciences Faculty Publications
The Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) fore arc preserves igneous rock assemblages that formed during subduction initiation circa 52 Ma. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 352 cored four sites in the fore arc near the Ogasawara Plateau in order to document the magmatic response to subduction initiation and the physical, petrologic, and chemical stratigraphy of a nascent subduction zone. Two of these sites (U1440 and U1441) are underlain by fore-arc basalt (FAB). FABs have mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-like compositions, however, FAB are consistently lower in the high-field strength elements (TiO2, P2O5, Zr) and Ni compared to MORB, with Na2O at the low …
The Ages2 (Awards For Geochronology Student Research 2) Program: Supporting Community Geochronology Needs And Interdisciplinary Science, Rebecca M. Flowers, J. Ramón Arrowsmith, Vicki Mcconnell, James R. Metcalf, Tammy M. Rittenour, Blair Schoene
The Ages2 (Awards For Geochronology Student Research 2) Program: Supporting Community Geochronology Needs And Interdisciplinary Science, Rebecca M. Flowers, J. Ramón Arrowsmith, Vicki Mcconnell, James R. Metcalf, Tammy M. Rittenour, Blair Schoene
Geosciences Faculty Publications
Geochronology is essential in the geosciences. It is used to resolve the durations and rates of earth processes, as well as test causative relationships among events. Such data are increasingly required to conduct cutting-edge, transformative, earth-science research. The growing need for geochronology is accompanied by strong demand to enhance the ability of labs to meet this pressure and to increase community awareness of how these data are produced and interpreted. For example, a 2015 National Science Foundation (NSF) report on opportunities and challenges for U.S. geochronology research noted: "While there has never been a time when users have had greater …
Assessment Of The Effects Of Climate Change On Evapotranspiration With An Improved Elasticity Method In A Nonhumid Area, Lei Tian, Jiming Jin, Pute Wu, Guo-Yue Niu
Assessment Of The Effects Of Climate Change On Evapotranspiration With An Improved Elasticity Method In A Nonhumid Area, Lei Tian, Jiming Jin, Pute Wu, Guo-Yue Niu
Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications
Climatic elasticity is a crucial metric to assess the hydrological influence of climate change. Based on the Budyko equation, this study performed an analytical derivation of the climatic elasticity of evapotranspiration (ET). With this derived elasticity, it is possible to quantitatively separate the impacts of precipitation, air temperature, net radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed on ET in a watershed. This method was applied in the Wuding River Watershed (WRW), located in the center of the Yellow River Watershed of China. The estimated rate of change in ET caused by climatic variables is −10.69 mm/decade, which is close to the …
Quantifying The Impact Of Climate Change And Human Activities On Streamflow In A Semi-Arid Watershed With The Budyko Equation Incorporating Dynamic Vegetation Information, Lei Tian, Jiming Jin, Pute Wu, Guo-Yue Niu
Quantifying The Impact Of Climate Change And Human Activities On Streamflow In A Semi-Arid Watershed With The Budyko Equation Incorporating Dynamic Vegetation Information, Lei Tian, Jiming Jin, Pute Wu, Guo-Yue Niu
Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications
Understanding hydrological responses to climate change and land use and land cover change (LULCC) is important for water resource planning and management, especially for water-limited areas. The annual streamflow of the Wuding River Watershed (WRW), the largest sediment source of the Yellow River in China, has decreased significantly over the past 50 years at a rate of 5.2 mm/decade. Using the Budyko equation, this study investigated this decrease with the contributions from climate change and LULCC caused by human activities, which have intensified since 1999 due to China’s Grain for Green Project (GFGP). The Budyko parameter that represents watershed characteristics …
Ncer Assistance Agreement Annual Progress Report For Grant #83582401 - Assessment Of Stormwater Harvesting Via Manage Aquifer Recharge (Mar) To Develop New Water Supplies In The Arid West: The Salt Lake Valley Example, Ryan Dupont, Joan E. Mclean, Richard C. Peralta, Sarah E. Null, Douglas B. Jackson-Smith
Ncer Assistance Agreement Annual Progress Report For Grant #83582401 - Assessment Of Stormwater Harvesting Via Manage Aquifer Recharge (Mar) To Develop New Water Supplies In The Arid West: The Salt Lake Valley Example, Ryan Dupont, Joan E. Mclean, Richard C. Peralta, Sarah E. Null, Douglas B. Jackson-Smith
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications
The goals of the original proposed project remain the same, that is, to test the hypothesis that Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) for stormwater harvesting is a technically feasible, socially and environmentally acceptable, economically viable, and legally feasible option for developing new water supplies for arid Western urban ecosystems experiencing increasing population, and climate change pressures on existing water resources. The project is being carried out via three distinct but integrated components that include: 1) Monitoring of existing distributed MAR harvesting schemes involving a growing number of demonstration Green Infrastructure (GI) test sites; 2) Integrated stormwater/vadose zone/groundwater/ ecosystem services modeling; and …
Can The Desiccation Of Great Salt Lake Be Stopped?, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Craig Miller, Sarah E. Null, R. Justin Derose, Peter Wilcock
Can The Desiccation Of Great Salt Lake Be Stopped?, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Craig Miller, Sarah E. Null, R. Justin Derose, Peter Wilcock
Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications
Great Salt Lake is a terminal lake, with its watershed in the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains of Utah, Wyoming and Idaho. Like all terminal lakes, the water inflows are balanced only by evaporative loss from its surface—when inflows decrease the lake shrinks until evaporation matches that inflow.
Sediment Dynamics In The Bear River-Mud Lake-Bear Lake System, Patrick Belmont, Mitchell Donovan, Janice Brahney, Lindsay Capito, Zach Burgert
Sediment Dynamics In The Bear River-Mud Lake-Bear Lake System, Patrick Belmont, Mitchell Donovan, Janice Brahney, Lindsay Capito, Zach Burgert
Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications
The overarching goal of this project was to compile and analyze a variety of existing datasets, and generate several new datasets, to advance our understanding of how the Bear River Mud Lake-Bear Lake system functions, how it has, or is expected to change, identify which components are degraded or vulnerable to degradation, and determine if/where critical data and/or knowledge gaps exist. We conducted a series of analyses to evaluate changes in hydrology and suspended sediment, collected sediment cores from nine locations in Mud Lake to evaluate how sedimentation rates, sediment sources and water quality have changed over time, and utilized …
A Novel Shortwave Infrared Proximal Sensing Approach To Quantify The Water Stability Of Soil Aggregates, Azadeh Gholoubi, Hojat Emami, Scott B. Jones, Markus Tuller
A Novel Shortwave Infrared Proximal Sensing Approach To Quantify The Water Stability Of Soil Aggregates, Azadeh Gholoubi, Hojat Emami, Scott B. Jones, Markus Tuller
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
Soil structure and aggregate stability (AS) are critical soil properties affecting water infiltration, root growth, and resistance to soil and wind erosion. Changes in AS may be early indicators of soil degradation, pointing to low organic matter (OM) content, reduced biological activity, or poor nutrient cycling. Hence, efficient and reliable AS measurement techniques are essential for detection, management, and remediation of degraded soil resources. Here we quantify soil AS by developing a novel proximal sensing technique based on shortwave infrared (SWIR) reflectance measurements. The novel approach is similar to the well-documented high energy moisture characteristic (HEMC) method, which yields a …
Long-Term Evolution Of Sand Transport Through A River Network: Relative Influences Of A Dam Versus Natural Changes In Grain Size From Sand Waves, David J. Topping, Erich R. Mueller, John C. Schmidt, Ronald E. Griffiths, David J. Dean, Paul E. Grams
Long-Term Evolution Of Sand Transport Through A River Network: Relative Influences Of A Dam Versus Natural Changes In Grain Size From Sand Waves, David J. Topping, Erich R. Mueller, John C. Schmidt, Ronald E. Griffiths, David J. Dean, Paul E. Grams
Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications
Temporal and spatial nonuniformity in supplies of water and sand in a river network leads to sand transport that is in local disequilibrium with the upstream sand supply. In such river networks, sand is transported downstream as elongating waves in which coupled changes in grain size and transport occur. Depending on the magnitude of each sand-supplying event and the interval between such events, changes in bed-sand grain size associated with sand-wave passage may more strongly regulate sand transport than do changes in water discharge. When sand transport is controlled more by episodic resupply of sand than by discharge, upstream dam …
The Influence Of Arctic Amplification On Mid-Latitude Summer Circulation, Dim Coumou, Giorgia Di Capua, Steve Vavrus, Lei Wang, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang
The Influence Of Arctic Amplification On Mid-Latitude Summer Circulation, Dim Coumou, Giorgia Di Capua, Steve Vavrus, Lei Wang, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
Accelerated warming in the Arctic, as compared to the rest of the globe, might have profound impacts on mid-latitude weather. Most studies analyzing Arctic links to mid-latitude weather focused on winter, yet recent summers have seen strong reductions in sea-ice extent and snow cover, a weakened equator-to-pole thermal gradient and associated weakening of the mid-latitude circulation. We review the scientific evidence behind three leading hypotheses on the influence of Arctic changes on mid-latitude summer weather: Weakened storm tracks, shifted jet streams, and amplified quasi-stationary waves. We show that interactions between Arctic teleconnections and other remote and regional feedback processes could …
The Role Of Fault-Zone Architectural Elements On Pore Pressure Propagation And Induced Seismicity, John P. Ortiz, Mark A. Person, Peter S. Mozley, James P. Evans, Susan L. Bilek
The Role Of Fault-Zone Architectural Elements On Pore Pressure Propagation And Induced Seismicity, John P. Ortiz, Mark A. Person, Peter S. Mozley, James P. Evans, Susan L. Bilek
Geosciences Faculty Publications
We used hydrogeologic models to assess how fault‐zone properties promote or inhibit the downward propagation of fluid overpressures from a basal reservoir injection well (150 m from fault zone, Q = 5000 m3/day) into the underlying crystalline basement rocks. We varied the permeability of the fault‐zone architectural components and a crystalline basement weathered layer as part of a numerical sensitivity study. Realistic conduit‐barrier style fault zones effectively transmit elevated pore pressures associated with 4 years of continuous injection to depths of approximately 2.5 km within the crystalline basement while compartmentalizing fluid flow within the injection reservoir. The presence of a …
Reducing High Flows And Sediment Loading Through Increased Water Storage In An Agricultural Watershed Of The Upper Midwest, Usa, Nate Mitchell, Karthik Kumarasamy, Se Jong Cho, Patrick Belmont, Brent Dalzell, Karen Gran
Reducing High Flows And Sediment Loading Through Increased Water Storage In An Agricultural Watershed Of The Upper Midwest, Usa, Nate Mitchell, Karthik Kumarasamy, Se Jong Cho, Patrick Belmont, Brent Dalzell, Karen Gran
Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications
Climate change, land clearing, and artificial drainage have increased the Minnesota River Basin’s (MRB) stream flows, enhancing erosion of channel banks and bluffs. Accelerated erosion has increased sediment loads and sedimentation rates downstream. High flows could be reduced through increased water storage (e.g., wetlands or detention basins), but quantifying the effectiveness of such a strategy remains a challenge. We used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate changes in river discharge from various water retention site (WRS) implementation scenarios in the Le Sueur watershed, a tributary basin to the MRB. We also show how high flow attenuation can …
Alaskan Marine Transgressions Record Out-Of-Phase Arctic Ocean Glaciation During The Last Interglacial, Louise Farquharson, Daniel Mann, Tammy M. Rittenour, Pamela Groves, Guido Grosse, Benjamin Jones
Alaskan Marine Transgressions Record Out-Of-Phase Arctic Ocean Glaciation During The Last Interglacial, Louise Farquharson, Daniel Mann, Tammy M. Rittenour, Pamela Groves, Guido Grosse, Benjamin Jones
Geosciences Faculty Publications
Ongoing climate change focuses attention on the Arctic cryosphere’s responses to past and future climate states. Although it is now recognized the Arctic Ocean Basin was covered by ice sheets and their associated floating ice shelves several times during the Late Pleistocene, the timing and extent of these polar ice sheets remain uncertain. Here we relate a relict barrier-island system on the Beaufort Sea coast of northern Alaska to the isostatic effects of a previously unrecognized ice shelf grounded on the adjacent continental shelf. A new suite of optically stimulated luminescence dates show that this barrier system formed during one …
El Niño-Southern Oscillation Complexity, Axel Timmermann, Soon-Il An, Jong-Seong Kug, Fei-Fei Jin, Wenju Cai, Antonietta Capotondi, Kim Cobb, Matthieu Lengaigne, Michal J. Mcphaden, Malte F. Stuecker, Karl Stein, Andrew T. Wittenberg, Kyung-Sook Yun, Tobias Bayr, Han-Ching Chen, Yoshimitsu Chikamoto, Et Al.
El Niño-Southern Oscillation Complexity, Axel Timmermann, Soon-Il An, Jong-Seong Kug, Fei-Fei Jin, Wenju Cai, Antonietta Capotondi, Kim Cobb, Matthieu Lengaigne, Michal J. Mcphaden, Malte F. Stuecker, Karl Stein, Andrew T. Wittenberg, Kyung-Sook Yun, Tobias Bayr, Han-Ching Chen, Yoshimitsu Chikamoto, Et Al.
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
El Niño events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and weakening of equatorial trade winds that occur every few years. Such conditions are accompanied by changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation, affecting global climate, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, fisheries and human activities. The alternation of warm El Niño and cold La Niña conditions, referred to as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), represents the strongest year-to-year fluctuation of the global climate system. Here we provide a synopsis of our current understanding of the spatio-temporal complexity of this important climate mode and its influence on the Earth system.
The Impact Of Ground-Based Glaciogenic Seeding On A Shallow Stratiform Cloud Over The Sierra Madre In Wyoming: A Multi-Sensor Study Of The 3 March 2012 Case, Binod Pokharel, Bart Geerts, Xiaoqin Jing
The Impact Of Ground-Based Glaciogenic Seeding On A Shallow Stratiform Cloud Over The Sierra Madre In Wyoming: A Multi-Sensor Study Of The 3 March 2012 Case, Binod Pokharel, Bart Geerts, Xiaoqin Jing
Plants, Soils and Climate Student Research
A case study is presented of the impact of ground-based glaciogenic seeding on a shallow, lightly precipitating orographic storm with abundant supercooled cloud droplets, but few ice particles. The storm was observed on 3 March 2012 as part of the AgI (silver iodide) Seeding Cloud Impact Investigating (ASCII) experiment in Wyoming. The cloud base temperature was about -9°C, and cloud tops were at about -16°C. The high concentration of small droplets and low ice particle concentration lead to natural snow growth, mainly by vapor diffusion. The question addressed here is whether the injection of ice nucleating particles (AgI) enhanced snow …
Seminal Evidence Of A 2.5-Sol Ultra-Fast Kelvin Wave In Mars’ Middle And Upper Atmosphere, Federico Gasperini, Maura E. Hagan, Jeffrey M. Forbes
Seminal Evidence Of A 2.5-Sol Ultra-Fast Kelvin Wave In Mars’ Middle And Upper Atmosphere, Federico Gasperini, Maura E. Hagan, Jeffrey M. Forbes
All Physics Faculty Publications
The structure and dynamics of Mars' middle and upper atmosphere is significantly impacted by waves propagating from the lower atmosphere. Using concurrent temperature and neutral density measurements taken by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN satellites, we demonstrate for the first time that a 2.5‐sol ultra‐fast Kelvin wave is a prominent global‐scale feature of the low‐latitude middle (i.e., 30–80 km) and upper (approximately 150 km) atmosphere of Mars. Further, we present evidence of secondary waves arising from nonlinear interactions between this ultra‐fast Kelvin wave and solar tides, and based on their amplitudes we surmise that they …
Beyond Metrics? The Role Of Hydrologic Baseline Archetypes In Environmental Water Management, Belize A. Lane, Samuel Sandoval-Solis, Eric D. Stein, Sarah M. Yarnell, Gregory B. Pasternack, Helen E. Dahlke
Beyond Metrics? The Role Of Hydrologic Baseline Archetypes In Environmental Water Management, Belize A. Lane, Samuel Sandoval-Solis, Eric D. Stein, Sarah M. Yarnell, Gregory B. Pasternack, Helen E. Dahlke
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications
Balancing ecological and human water needs often requires characterizing key aspects of the natural flow regime and then predicting ecological response to flow alterations. Flow metrics are generally relied upon to characterize long-term average statistical properties of the natural flow regime (hydrologic baseline conditions). However, some key aspects of hydrologic baseline conditions may be better understood through more complete consideration of continuous patterns of daily, seasonal, and inter-annual variability than through summary metrics. Here we propose the additional use of high-resolution dimensionless archetypes of regional stream classes to improve understanding of baseline hydrologic conditions and inform regional environmental flows assessments. …
Durmid Ladder Structure And Its Implications For The Nucleation Sites Of The Next M >7.5 Earthquake On The San Andreas Fault Or Brawley Seismic Zone In Southern California, Susanne U. Jänecke, Daniel K. Markowski, James P. Evans, Patricia Persaud, Miles Kenney
Durmid Ladder Structure And Its Implications For The Nucleation Sites Of The Next M >7.5 Earthquake On The San Andreas Fault Or Brawley Seismic Zone In Southern California, Susanne U. Jänecke, Daniel K. Markowski, James P. Evans, Patricia Persaud, Miles Kenney
Geosciences Faculty Publications
We integrated new geologic data with published geophysical data to document that the southernmost San Andreas fault zone, onshore of the Salton Sea, southern California, is a transpressional, 1–4-km-wide ladder-like structure. This newly identified Durmid ladder structure is a voluminous right-reverse fault zone that broadens across Durmid Hill around rotating domains of regularly spaced, left- and right- lateral cross faults. The active East Shoreline fault zone of the San Andreas fault forms the southwest margin of this fault zone, and it is generally parallel to the main strand of the San Andreas fault zone for >30 km, deforms Pliocene to …
Calibration Parameter Selection And Watershed Hydrology Model Evaluation In Time And Frequency Domains, Karthik Kumarasamy, Patrick Belmont
Calibration Parameter Selection And Watershed Hydrology Model Evaluation In Time And Frequency Domains, Karthik Kumarasamy, Patrick Belmont
Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications
Watershed scale models simulating hydrological and water quality processes have advanced rapidly in sophistication, process representation, flexibility in model structure, and input data. With calibration being an inevitable step prior to any model application, there is need for a simple procedure to assess whether or not a parameter should be adjusted for calibration. We provide a rationale for a hierarchical selection of parameters to adjust during calibration and recommend that modelers progress from parameters that are most uncertain to parameters that are least uncertain, namely starting with pure calibration parameters, followed by derived parameters, and finally measured parameters. We show …
Building Up Biogeography: Pattern To Process, William D. Pearse, A. Marcia Barbosa, Susanne A. Fritz, Sally A. Keith, Luke J. Harmon, John Harte, Daniele Silvestro, Xiao Xiao, T. Jonathan Davies
Building Up Biogeography: Pattern To Process, William D. Pearse, A. Marcia Barbosa, Susanne A. Fritz, Sally A. Keith, Luke J. Harmon, John Harte, Daniele Silvestro, Xiao Xiao, T. Jonathan Davies
Ecology Center Publications
Linking pattern to process across spatial and temporal scales has been a key goal of the field of biogeography. In January 2017, the 8th biennial conference of the International Biogeography Society sponsored a symposium on Building up biogeography—process to pattern that aimed to review progress towards this goal. Here we present a summary of the symposium, in which we identified promising areas of current research and suggested future research directions. We focus on (1) emerging types of data such as behavioral observations and ancient DNA, (2) how to better incorporate historical data (such as fossils) to move beyond what we …
Regional Trends In Early-Monsoon Rainfall Over Vietnam And Ccsm4 Attribution, Rong Li, S.-Y. Simon Wang, Robert R. Gillies, Brendan Buckley, Jin-Ho Yoon, Changrae Cho
Regional Trends In Early-Monsoon Rainfall Over Vietnam And Ccsm4 Attribution, Rong Li, S.-Y. Simon Wang, Robert R. Gillies, Brendan Buckley, Jin-Ho Yoon, Changrae Cho
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
The analysis of precipitation trends for Vietnam revealed that early-monsoon precipitation has increased over the past three decades but to varying degrees over the northern, central and southern portions of the country. Upon investigation, it was found that the change in early-monsoon precipitation is associated with changes in the low-level cyclonic airflow over the South China Sea and Indochina that is embedded in the large-scale atmospheric circulation associated with a “La Niña-like” anomalous sea surface temperature pattern with warming in the western Pacific and Indian Oceans and cooling in the eastern Pacific. The Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) …
Multidecadal Variability In The Subseasonal Peak Of Low-Level Convergence Over The Pacific Warm Pool, Yen-Heng Lin, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang
Multidecadal Variability In The Subseasonal Peak Of Low-Level Convergence Over The Pacific Warm Pool, Yen-Heng Lin, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
In the Western North Pacific (WNP), the atmospheric low-level convergence is one of the main factors that influences the genesis of tropical cyclones (TC). It has been observed that the timing of the seasonal maxima in the low-level convergence and TC genesis has shifted since the mid-1990s from mid-August to late-July, with this shift having also affected the number of TC. A multidecadal frequency of 20 years was revealed in the timing variation of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in the Western Pacific, in which a weak WNP low-level convergence in spring may trigger an advanced ISO phase in summer …
Gymnosperms On The Edge, Félix Forest, Justin Moat, Elisabeth Baloch, Neil A. Brummitt, Steve P. Bachman, Steffi Ickert-Bond, Peter M. Hollingsworth, Aaron Liston, Damon P. Little, Sarah Mathews, Hardeep Rai, Catarina Rydin, Dennis W. Stevenson, Philip Thomas, Sven Buerki
Gymnosperms On The Edge, Félix Forest, Justin Moat, Elisabeth Baloch, Neil A. Brummitt, Steve P. Bachman, Steffi Ickert-Bond, Peter M. Hollingsworth, Aaron Liston, Damon P. Little, Sarah Mathews, Hardeep Rai, Catarina Rydin, Dennis W. Stevenson, Philip Thomas, Sven Buerki
Wildland Resources Faculty Publications
Driven by limited resources and a sense of urgency, the prioritization of species for conservation has been a persistent concern in conservation science. Gymnosperms (comprising ginkgo, conifers, cycads, and gnetophytes) are one of the most threatened groups of living organisms, with 40% of the species at high risk of extinction, about twice as many as the most recent estimates for all plants (i.e. 21.4%). This high proportion of species facing extinction highlights the urgent action required to secure their future through an objective prioritization approach. The Evolutionary Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) method rapidly ranks species based on their evolutionary …
Introducing And Evaluating A Knowledge Transfer Approach To Support Problem Solving In And Around Protected Areas, Brady J. Mattsson, Marie Fischborn, Mark W. Brunson, Harald Vacik
Introducing And Evaluating A Knowledge Transfer Approach To Support Problem Solving In And Around Protected Areas, Brady J. Mattsson, Marie Fischborn, Mark W. Brunson, Harald Vacik
Environment and Society Faculty Publications
Protected areas (PAs) can generate many benefits inside and outside their borders, and achieving objectives for diverse stakeholders raises many challenges. There are many examples of successful PA management around the globe, although a systematic and comprehensive approach to developing and sharing these solutions has been lacking. We present “solutioning” as a structured process of peer-learning, which can inform management strategies in and around protected areas. We explain how the PANORAMA—Solutions for a Healthy Planet initiative has put solutioning into practice through an interactive community and web portal to learn about protected area solutions around the globe. Unlike other web …
High Resolution Monitoring Of River Bluff Erosion Reveals Failure Mechanisms And Geomorphically Effective Flows, Sara A. Kelly, Patrick Belmont
High Resolution Monitoring Of River Bluff Erosion Reveals Failure Mechanisms And Geomorphically Effective Flows, Sara A. Kelly, Patrick Belmont
Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications
Using a combination of Structure from Motion and time lapse photogrammetry, we document rapid river bluff erosion occurring in the Greater Blue Earth River (GBER) basin, a muddy tributary to the sediment-impaired Minnesota River in south central Minnesota. Our datasets elucidated dominant bluff failure mechanisms and rates of bluff retreat in a transient system responding to ongoing streamflow increases and glacial legacy impacts. Specifically, we document the importance of fluvial scour, freeze–thaw, as well as other drivers of bluff erosion. We find that even small flows, a mere 30% of the two-year recurrence interval flow, are capable of causing bluff …
Benthic Meiofaunal Community Response To The Cascading Effects Of Herbivory Within An Algal Halo System Of The Great Barrier Reef, Quinn R. Ollivier, Edward Hammill, David J. Booth, Elizabeth M.P. Madin, Charles Hinchliffe, Alastair R. Harborne, Catherine E. Lovelock, Peter I. Macreadie, Trisha Brooke Atwood
Benthic Meiofaunal Community Response To The Cascading Effects Of Herbivory Within An Algal Halo System Of The Great Barrier Reef, Quinn R. Ollivier, Edward Hammill, David J. Booth, Elizabeth M.P. Madin, Charles Hinchliffe, Alastair R. Harborne, Catherine E. Lovelock, Peter I. Macreadie, Trisha Brooke Atwood
Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications
Benthic fauna play a crucial role in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling at the sediment-water boundary in aquatic ecosystems. In terrestrial systems, grazing herbivores have been shown to influence below-ground communities through alterations to plant distribution and composition, however whether similar cascading effects occur in aquatic systems is unknown. Here, we assess the relationship between benthic invertebrates and above-ground fish grazing across the ‘grazing halos’ of Heron Island lagoon, Australia. Grazing halos, which occur around patch reefs globally, are caused by removal of seagrass or benthic macroalgae by herbivorous fish that results in distinct bands of unvegetated sediments surrounding …
Experimental Study Of Gravitational Mixing Of Supercritical Co2, Dennis L. Newell, J. William Carey, Scott N. Backhaus, Peter Lichtner
Experimental Study Of Gravitational Mixing Of Supercritical Co2, Dennis L. Newell, J. William Carey, Scott N. Backhaus, Peter Lichtner
Geosciences Faculty Publications
CO2 injection into saline aquifers for sequestration will initially result in buoyant supercritical (sc)CO2 trapped beneath the caprock seal. During this period, there is risk of CO2 migration out of the reservoir along wellbore defects or fracture zones. Dissolution of the scCO2 plume into brine results in solubility trapping and reduces this risk, but based on diffusion alone, this mechanism could take thousands of years. Gravitational (density-induced) mixing of CO2-saturated brine is shown to significantly accelerate this process in computational studies, but few experimental efforts have confirmed the phenomenon. Here, constant-pressure, 3-dimensional bench-scale experiments …
Evidence For Cyclical Fractional Crystallization, Recharge, And Assimilation In Basalts Of The Kimama Drill Core, Central Snake River Plain, Idaho: 5.5-Million-Years Of Petrogenesis In A Mid-Crustal Sill Complex, Katherine E. Potter, John W. Shervais, Eric H. Christiansen, Scott K. Vetter
Evidence For Cyclical Fractional Crystallization, Recharge, And Assimilation In Basalts Of The Kimama Drill Core, Central Snake River Plain, Idaho: 5.5-Million-Years Of Petrogenesis In A Mid-Crustal Sill Complex, Katherine E. Potter, John W. Shervais, Eric H. Christiansen, Scott K. Vetter
Geosciences Faculty Publications
Basalts erupted in the Snake River Plain of central Idaho and sampled in the Kimama drill core link eruptive processes to the construction of mafic intrusions over 5.5 Ma. Cyclic variations in basalt composition reveal temporal chemical heterogeneity related to fractional crystallization and the assimilation of previously-intruded mafic sills. A range of compositional types are identified within 1,912 m of continuous drill core: Snake River olivine tholeiite (SROT), low K SROT, high Fe-Ti, and evolved and high K-Fe lavas similar to those erupted at Craters of the Moon National Monument. Detailed lithologic and geophysical logs document 432 flow units comprising …
Direct Effects Of Warming Increase Woody Plant Abundance In A Subarctic Wetland, Lindsay G. Carlson, Karen H. Beard, Peter B. Adler
Direct Effects Of Warming Increase Woody Plant Abundance In A Subarctic Wetland, Lindsay G. Carlson, Karen H. Beard, Peter B. Adler
Wildland Resources Faculty Publications
Both the direct effects of warming on a species’ vital rates and indirect effects of warming caused by interactions with neighboring species can influence plant populations. Furthermore, herbivory mediates the effects of warming on plant community composition in many systems. Thus, determining the importance of direct and indirect effects of warming, while considering the role of herbivory, can help predict long-term plant community dynamics. We conducted a field experiment in the coastal wetlands of western Alaska to investigate how warming and herbivory influence the interactions and abundances of two common plant species, a sedge, Carex ramenskii, and a dwarf …
Estimating Discharge In Low-Order Rivers With High-Resolution Aerial Imagery, Tyler V. King, Bethany T. Neilson, Mitchell T. Rasmussen
Estimating Discharge In Low-Order Rivers With High-Resolution Aerial Imagery, Tyler V. King, Bethany T. Neilson, Mitchell T. Rasmussen
Publications
Remote sensing of river discharge promises to augment in situ gauging stations, but the majority of research in this field focuses on large rivers (>50 m wide). We present a method for estimating volumetric river discharge in low-order (wide) rivers from remotely sensed data by coupling high-resolution imagery with one-dimensional hydraulic modeling at so-called virtual gauging stations. These locations were identified as locations where the river contracted under low flows, exposing a substantial portion of the river bed. Topography of the exposed river bed was photogrammetrically extracted from high-resolution aerial imagery while the geometry of the remaining inundated portion …