Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Deep-Well Data Base For Nebraska, Duane R. Mohlam, Raymond R. Burchett

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Red Imported Fire Ant Impacts On Northern Bobwhite Populations, Craig R. Allen, R. Scott Lutz, Stephen Demarais

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The stability of Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) populations in Texas, where high density polygyne red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) account for >50% of all (S. invicta) colonies, has been cited as a reason to repudiate impacts by this exotic species on Northern Bobwhite. We used two approaches to investigate the relationship between red imported fire ants and Northern Bobwhite. In the first approach, we used correlation analysis to compare Northern Bobwhite abundance trends, determined from Christmas Bird Count data in 15 Texas counties, before and after fire ant infestation. Before red imported fire …

Environmental Changes In A Polluted Stream During Winter, Arden R. Gaufin, Clarence M. Tarzwell

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Staff Publications

Year round studies of environmental conditions in Lytle Creek, a stream polluted with organic wastes, were initiated late in 1949, by the Biology Section of the Public Health Service's Environmental Health Center.2 Lytle Creek is a tributary of the Little Miami River which enters the Ohio River at Cincinnati. It is about 11 miles long, and has an average width and depth of 15 feet and 1 foot respectively, during normal summer flows. Widths range from 3 to 35 feet and depths from a few inches to a maximum of 6 feet. Surface runoff comprises the major portion of the …

Data From The Deep-Rock Samples On File From Wells Drilled In Nebraska, Duane R. Mohlman

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Riparian Habitats Of The Central Platte As A Corridor For Dispersal Of Small Mammals In Nebraska, Thomas D. Silvia

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Application And Evaluation Of A Biotic Index To Sand Hills And Streams Of Nebraska, Gregory T. Michl

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Geology Of The Ogallala/High Plains Regional Aquifer System In Nebraska, Robert F. Diffendal Jr.

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

This guide is mostly figures with a reference section containing some of the pertinent literature on the Cenozoic geology we will see over the next four days. Copies of some of the cited works will be assembled in a packet and handed out on the morning of April 29th. We will make all 17 stops. if the weather is reasonably good and the roads are passable. On the first day, April 29, we will try to get to stops 1-5, the more distal parts of the Ogallala and younger deposits in Nebraska. On April 30, we will try to visit …

Geology Of The Ogallala/High Plains Regional Aquifer System In Nebraska: Field Trip No. 6, Robert F. Diffendal Jr.

Robert F. Diffendal, Jr., Publications

This guide is mostly figures with a reference section containing some of the pertinent literature on the Cenozoic geology we will see over the next four days. We will make all 17 stops if the weather is reasonably good and the roads are passable. On the first day, April 29, we will try to get to stops 1–5, the more distal parts of the Ogallala and younger deposits in Nebraska. On April 30, we will try to visit stops 6–9. Stops 10–15, in areas closer to the sediment sources of the Ogallala and some of the younger units, will be …

Book Review: Quaternary Geology And Geomorphology Of South America By C. Clapperton, William J. Wayne

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Dr. Clapperton is to be commended for having taken on the monumental task of a review of the present state of knowledge of the Quaternary of the entire continent of South America. Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology of South America is a massive, interestingly written, but expensive volume that covers exactly what its title suggests. In spite of the paucity of information on many aspects of the Quaternary geology of this continent, which extends from north of the equator nearly to the Antarctic, the author has succeeded in reviewing and synthesizing most of the material that does exist. To do so …

Task Ii Completion Report: Independent Groundwater Characterization And Monitoring Program In Boyd County

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Patterns Of Early Lake Ontogeny In Glacier Bay As Inferred From Diatom Assemblages, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Daniel R. Engstrom

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

We studied a series of recently formed lakes along a deglaciation chronosequence in Glacier Bay National Park to examine changes in water chemistry, primary production, and biotic composition that accompany the early ontogeny of north-temperate lakes. Successional trends in these freshwater ecosystems have been explored with a two-tiered approach that includes (1) the comparison of limnological conditions among lakes of known age and in different stages of primary catchment succession, and (2) the inference of water-chemistry trends in individual sites based on fossil diatom stratigraphy. This paper emphasizes the reconstruction of limnological trends from fossil diatom assemblages. The modem distribution …

Stratigraphy And Sediment Accumulation Patterns Of The Upper Cenozoic Pelagic Carbonate Caps Of Guyots In The Northwestern Pacific Ocean, David K. Watkins, Paul N. Pearson, Elisabetta Erba, Frank R. Rack, Isabella Premoli Silva, Horst W. Bohrmann, Julianna Fenner, Peter R.N. Hobbs

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Many of the guyots of the Northwestern Pacific Ocean are capped by sequences of uncemented pelagic carbonate. Examination of three of these pelagic caps from Limalok, Lo-En, and Wodejebato guyots in the Marshall Islands indicates that sediment accumulation throughout the late Paleogene and late Cenozoic was characterized by episodes of deposition during the earliest Miocene, late early to early middle Miocene, late middle Miocene, mid-Pliocene, and Quaternary, separated by periods of little or no accumulation. The Miocene record consists of extensively winnowed foraminifer oozes, which suggest relatively energetic currents in the intermediate waters. The Pliocene and Quaternary sequences contain finer …

Cretaceous Calcareous Plankton Biostratigraphy Of Sites 872 Through 879, Elisabetta Erba, Isabella Premoli Silva, David K. Watkins

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

This paper documents the distribution of calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifers in Cretaceous sequences recovered at Sites 872 through 879 drilled on guyots in the central and western Pacific Ocean during Leg 144. Calcareous plankton biostratigraphy allows us to obtain important biostratigraphic age constraints for the onset, development, and demise of shallow-water sedimentation on these guyots.

Site 872 on Lo-En Guyot is the only site at which shallow-water limestones were not recovered during Leg 144. Here, the oldest sediment consists of pelagic limestone infilling fractures within the volcanic substrate. Calcareous plankton biostratigraphy constrains the age of these sediments to Coniacian …

Impact Of Erosion, Mass Wasting, And Sedimentation On Human Activities In The Río Grande Basin, Jujuy Province, Argentina, Waldo Chayle, William J. Wayne

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Nearly all dry mountainous regions are affected by severe erosion, floods, and debris flows during times of intense precipitation. The lithology, geologic structure, and climate in Jujuy Province, Argentina combine to place at serious risk the people who live along the Río Grande, the major river that drains the east side of the Cordillera Oriental and the west side of the Sierras Subandinas. Nearly all precipitation falls during summer (January–March) with little during the remainder of the year; most of the basin is semiarid to arid, although the southern end has a humid subtropical climate. Relief is great, as much …

19. Pedogenic Alteration Of Basalts Recovered During Leg 144, Mary Anne Holmes

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Basalts erupted to form the atolls and guyots of the Western Pacific have been altered in various ways, ranging from hydrothermal alteration to subaerial weathering by meteoric waters in a tropical environment. Subaerial weathering has been moderate to extreme. Moderate subaerial weathering is expressed by dissolution or replacement of primary minerals (olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclase feldspar) and alteration of glassy or aphanitic matrix to clay minerals, goethite, and hematite. The clay minerals are kaolinite or a brown smectite. Kaolinite concentrations decrease downhole and smectite concentrations increase. Although primary minerals are generally not preserved, primary structures, such as vesicles (generally filled by …

Oldest Cretaceous Sequence, Giralia Anticline, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia: Late Hauterivian-Barremian, S. Mcloughlin, D. W. Haig, J. Backhouse, Mary Anne Holmes, G. Ellis, J. A. Long, K. J. Mcnamara

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Outcrop of the oldest Cretaceous sequence in the Giralia Anticline and the Giralia No. 1 well, penetrating the same sequence, are described and biostratigraphically assessed in detail. The Cretaceous rocks lie on an erosion surface cut into Permian strata. A 10 m thick basal sand unit, the Birdrong Sandstone, is overlain by 56 m of carbonaceous siltstone-mudstone (Muderong Shale). The Birdrong Sandstone in the anticline belongs to the Muderongia australis Zone of late Hauterivian-Barremian age, as does the lower part of the Muderong Shale. The age of the upper Muderong Shale is uncertain, as is the age of a 10 …

Avian Use Of Field Windbreaks, Herbaceous Fencerows And Associated Cropfields In East Central Nebraska, Natalie J. Sunderman

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Avian Use Of Riparian Corridors And Adjacent Cropland In East-Central Nebraska, Rebecca L. Fitzmaurice

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Initial Transgressive Phase Of Leg 144 Guyots: Evidence Of Extreme Sulfate Reduction, Bjørn Buchardt, Mary Anne Holmes

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

The initial transgressive phase at the Leg 144 Guyots is characterized by a typical association of sedimentary facies (from bottom to top): in situ weathered volcanic rocks; variegated clays, partly pyritic; gray clay, pyritic, homogeneous, or mottled; black clay, peaty, laminated, or bioturbated; and marine argillaceous limestone. Site 877 at Wodejebato Guyot represents the typical development of the initial transgressive phase. The black clay is rich in organic carbon (up to 40%) and sulfur (up to 25%). The organic matter is dominantly of terrestrial origin, but it has a significant marine, algal input. The variegated clays consist of a red, …

Relating United States Crop Land Use To Natural Resources And Climate Change, K. G. Hubbard, F. J. Flores-Mendoza

Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

Crop production depends not only on the yield but also on the area harvested. The yield response to climate change has been widely examined, but the sensitivity of crop land use to hypothetical climate change has not been examined directly. Crop land-use regression models for estimating crop area indices (CAIs) - the percent of land used for corn, soybean, wheat, and sorghum production - are presented. Inputs to the models include available water-holding capacity of the soil, percent of land available for rain-fed agricultural production, annual precipitation, and annual temperature. The total variance of CAI explained by the models ranged …

Introduction To Special Section: Mechanical Involvement Of Fluids In Faulting, Stephen Hickman, Richard Sibson, Ronald Bruhn

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

A growing body of evidence suggests that fluids are intimately linked to a variety of faulting processes. These include the long-term structural and compositional evolution of fault zones; fault creep; and the nucleation, propagation, arrest, and recurrence of earthquake ruptures. Besides the widely recognized physical role of fluid pressures in controlling the strength of crustal fault zones, it is also apparent that fluids can exert mechanical influence through a variety of chemical effects.

The United States Geological Survey sponsored a Conference on the Mechanical Effects of Fluids in Faulting under the auspices of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program at …

Birds Of The Platte, Eileen M. Kirsch

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Gary Lingle has done an outstanding job compiling information to make birding the Central Platte River and Rainwater Basin area of Nebraska easier and more rewarding. The book was not designed to replace a field guide. Rather, it provides maps, general information about the area, when and where birds can be seen, and likelihood of viewing each of 300 bird species possible. Sprinkled throughout the book are drawings by William S. Whitney and Ernest V. Ochsner that depict the structural simplicity of the prairie and the diversity of its wildlife. The writing style is personal and unpretentious, and the text …

Recent State Of Stress Change In The Walker Lane Zone, Western Basin And Range Province, United States, Oliver Bellier, Mary Lou Zoback

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The NW to north-trending Walker Lane zone (WLZ) is located along the western boundary of the northern Basin and Range province with the Sierra Nevada. This zone is distinguished from the surrounding Basin and Range province on the basis of irregular topography and evidence for both normal and strike-slip Holocene faulting. Inversion of slip vectors from active faults, historic fault offsets, and earthquake focal mechanisms indicate two distinct Quaternary stress regimes within the WLZ, both of which are characterized by a consistent WNW σ₃ axis; these are a normal faulting regime with a mean σ3 axis of N85 °+ …

Resource News-Winter 1995

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Annual Outflow And Annual Inflow Of Water From/To Nebraska, 1950-1994, Conservation And Survey Division

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Fault Healing Inferred From Time Dependent Variations In Source Properties Of Repeating Earthquakes, Chris Marone, John E. Vidale, William L. Ellsworth

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We analyze two sets of repeating earthquakes on the Calaveras fault to estimate in-situ rates of fault strengthening (healing). Earthquake recurrence intervals t, range from 3 to 803 days. Variations in relative moment and duration are combined to study changes in stress drop, rupture dimension, rupture velocity, and particle velocity as a function of t_r. Healing rates and source variations are compared with predictions of laboratory derived friction laws. Two interpretations of event duration τ are used: one in which τ: is given by the ratio of slip to particle velocity and one in which it scales as …

Foreshock Sequence Of The 1992 Landers, California, Earthquake And Its Implications For Earthquake Nucleation, Douglas A. Dodge, Gregory C. Beroza, W. L. Ellsworth

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The June 28, 1992, Landers, California, earthquake(M_w=7.3) was preceded for about 7 hours by a foreshock sequence consisting of at least 28 events. In this study we examine the geometry and temporal development of the foreshocks using high-precision locations based on cross correlation of waveforms recorded at nearby stations. By aligning waveforms, rather than trying to obtain travel time picks for each event independently, we are able to improve the timing accuracy greatly and to make very accurate travel time picks even for emergent arrivals. We perform a joint relocation using the improved travel times and reduce the …

Bermuda Solution Pipe Soils: A Geochemical Evaluation Of Eolian Parent Materials, Stanley R. Herwitz, Daniel R. Muhs

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Solution pipes found in the Quaternary eolian and marine carbonates of Bermuda are filled with reddish to reddish-brown soil material. The bulk of the soil is composed of clay and silt-sized quartz and aluminosilicate clay minerals. The carbonates are of high purity and, therefore, are not likely to have been the parent material. Previous workers have hypothesized that Saharan dust may have been the soil parent material. The fine-grained component of loess from the Mississippi River Valley of North America also could have contributed. Paleoclimate models indicate that both North Africa and North America could have been important source areas …

Carbonate Deposition, Pyramid Lake Subbasin, Nevada: 2. Lake Levels And Polar Jet Stream Positions Reconstructed From Radiocarbon Ages And Elevations Of Carbonates (Tufas) Deposited In The Lahontan Basin, Larry Benson, Michaele Kashgarian, Meyer Rubin

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Most of the tufas in the Pyramid Lake subbasin were deposited within the last 35,000 yr, including most of the mound tufas that border the existing lake. Many of the older tufas (> 21,000 yr B.P.) contained in the mounds were formed in association with ground-water discharge. The radiocarbon (¹⁴C) ages of the older tufas represent maximum estimates of the time of their formation. Lake Lahontan experienced large and abrupt rises in level at ~ 22,000, 15,000, and 11,000 yr B.P. and three abrupt recessions in level at ~ 16,000, 13,600, and 10,000 yr B.P. The lake-level rises …

Kinetics Of Pressure Solution At Halite-Silica Interfaces And Intergranular Clay Films, Stephen H. Hickman, Brian Evans

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Pressure solution is widely regarded as a potentially important deformation
mechanism along crustal faults and during a diagenesis, yet the mechanisms and kinetics of this process remain highly controversial. To better understand the fundamental factors controlling the rates of pressure solution at the grain-to-grain scale, we conducted experiments in which convex halite lenses were pressed against fiats of fused silica in brine. Fluid pressures were maintained at 0.1 MPa; temperatures and mean contact normal stresses ranged from 8.3 ° to 90.2 °C and 0.5 to 13.5 MPa, respectively. The geometry and growth rate of the contact spot between the two …