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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Applications Of Sampling And Estimation On Networks, Fabricio Murai Ferreira
Applications Of Sampling And Estimation On Networks, Fabricio Murai Ferreira
Doctoral Dissertations
Networks or graphs are fundamental abstractions that allow us to study many important real systems, such as the Web, social networks and scientific collaboration. It is impossible to completely understand these systems and answer fundamental questions related to them without considering the way their components are connected, i.e., their topology. However, topology is not the only relevant aspect of networks. Nodes often have information associated with them, which can be regarded as node attributes or labels. An important problem is then how to characterize a network w.r.t. topology and node label distributions. Another important problem is how to design efficient …
Detecting Anomalously Similar Entities In Unlabeled Data, Lisa D. Friedland
Detecting Anomalously Similar Entities In Unlabeled Data, Lisa D. Friedland
Doctoral Dissertations
In this work, the goal is to detect closely-linked entities within a data set. The entities of interest have a tie causing them to be similar, such as a shared origin or a channel of influence. Given a collection of people or other entities with their attributes or behavior, we identify unusually similar pairs, and we pose the question: Are these two people linked, or can their similarity be explained by chance? Computing similarities is a core operation in many domains, but two constraints differentiate our version of the problem. First, the score assigned to a pair should account for …
Application-Aware Resource Management For Cloud Platforms, Xin He
Application-Aware Resource Management For Cloud Platforms, Xin He
Doctoral Dissertations
Cloud computing has become increasingly popular in recent years. The benefits of cloud platforms include ease of application deployment, a pay-as-you-go model, and the ability to scale resources up or down based on an application's workload. Today's cloud platforms are being used to host increasingly complex distributed and parallel applications. The main premise of this thesis is that application-aware resource management techniques are better suited for distributed cloud applications over a systems-level one-size-fits-all approach. In this thesis, I study the cloud-based resource management techniques with a particular emphasis on how application-aware approaches can be used to improve system resource utilization …
Elastic Resource Management In Distributed Clouds, Tian Guo
Elastic Resource Management In Distributed Clouds, Tian Guo
Doctoral Dissertations
The ubiquitous nature of computing devices and their increasing reliance on remote resources have driven and shaped public cloud platforms into unprecedented large-scale, distributed data centers. Concurrently, a plethora of cloud-based applications are experiencing multi-dimensional workload dynamics---workload volumes that vary along both time and space axes and with higher frequency. The interplay of diverse workload characteristics and distributed clouds raises several key challenges for efficiently and dynamically managing server resources. First, current cloud platforms impose certain restrictions that might hinder some resource management tasks. Second, an application-agnostic approach might not entail appropriate performance goals, therefore, requires numerous specific methods. Third, …
A Period Examination Through Contemporary Energy Analysis Of Kevin Roche’S Fine Arts Center At University Of Massachusetts-Amherst, L Carl Fiocchi Jr
A Period Examination Through Contemporary Energy Analysis Of Kevin Roche’S Fine Arts Center At University Of Massachusetts-Amherst, L Carl Fiocchi Jr
Doctoral Dissertations
Studies of buildings belonging to a subset of Modernist architecture, Brutalism, have included discussions pertaining to social and architectural history, critical reception, tectonic form and geometry inspirations, material property selections, period technology limitations, and migration of public perceptions. Evaluations of Brutalist buildings’ energy related performances have been restricted to anecdotal observations with particular focus on the building type’s poor thermal performance, a result of the preferred construction method, i.e. monolithic reinforced concrete used as structure, interior finish and exterior finish. A valid criticism, but one that served to dismiss discussion that the possibility of other positive design strategies limiting energy …
Intrinsic Functions For Securing Cmos Computation: Variability, Modeling And Noise Sensitivity, Xiaolin Xu
Intrinsic Functions For Securing Cmos Computation: Variability, Modeling And Noise Sensitivity, Xiaolin Xu
Doctoral Dissertations
A basic premise behind modern secure computation is the demand for lightweight cryptographic primitives, like identifier or key generator. From a circuit perspective, the development of cryptographic modules has also been driven by the aggressive scalability of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. While advancing into nano-meter regime, one significant characteristic of today's CMOS design is the random nature of process variability, which limits the nominal circuit design. With the continuous scaling of CMOS technology, instead of mitigating the physical variability, leveraging such properties becomes a promising way. One of the famous products adhering to this double-edged sword philosophy is the Physically …
Stochastic Network Design: Models And Scalable Algorithms, Xiaojian Wu
Stochastic Network Design: Models And Scalable Algorithms, Xiaojian Wu
Doctoral Dissertations
Many natural and social phenomena occur in networks. Examples include the spread of information, ideas, and opinions through a social network, the propagation of an infectious disease among people, and the spread of species within an interconnected habitat network. The ability to modify a phenomenon towards some desired outcomes has widely recognized benefits to our society and the economy. The outcome of a phenomenon is largely determined by the topology or properties of its underlying network. A decision maker can take management actions to modify a network and, therefore, change the outcome of the phenomenon. A management action is an …
Specification And Analysis Of Resource Utilization Policies For Human-Intensive Systems, Seung Yeob Shin
Specification And Analysis Of Resource Utilization Policies For Human-Intensive Systems, Seung Yeob Shin
Doctoral Dissertations
Contemporary systems often require the effective support of many types of resources, each governed by complex utilization policies. Sound management of these resources plays a key role in assuring that these systems achieve their key goals. To help system developers make sound resource management decisions, I provide a resource utilization policy specification and analysis framework for (1) specifying very diverse kinds of resources and their potentially complex resource utilization policies, (2) dynamically evaluating the policies’ effects on the outcomes achieved by systems utilizing the resources, and (3) formally verifying various kinds of properties of these systems. Resource utilization policies range …
Learning From Pairwise Proximity Data, Hamid Dadkhahi
Learning From Pairwise Proximity Data, Hamid Dadkhahi
Doctoral Dissertations
In many areas of machine learning, the characterization of the input data is given by a form of proximity measure between data points. Examples of such representations are pairwise differences, pairwise distances, and pairwise comparisons. In this work, we investigate different learning problems on data represented in terms of such pairwise proximities. More specifically, we consider three problems: masking (feature selection) for dimensionality reduction, extension of the dimensionality reduction for time series, and online collaborative filtering. For each of these problems, we start with a form of pairwise proximity which is relevant in the problem at hand. We evaluate the …
Combining Static And Dynamic Analysis For Bug Detection And Program Understanding, Kaituo Li
Combining Static And Dynamic Analysis For Bug Detection And Program Understanding, Kaituo Li
Doctoral Dissertations
This work proposes new combinations of static and dynamic analysis for bug detection and program understanding. There are 3 related but largely independent directions: a) In the area of dynamic invariant inference, we improve the consistency of dynamically discovered invariants by taking into account second-order constraints that encode knowledge about
invariants; the second-order constraints are either supplied by the programmer or vetted by the programmer (among candidate constraints suggested automatically); b) In the area of testing dataflow (esp. map-reduce) programs, our tool, SEDGE, achieves higher testing coverage by leveraging existing
input data and generalizing them using a symbolic reasoning engine …
Efficient Inference, Search And Evaluation For Latent Variable Models Of Text With Applications To Information Retrieval And Machine Translation, Kriste Krstovski
Efficient Inference, Search And Evaluation For Latent Variable Models Of Text With Applications To Information Retrieval And Machine Translation, Kriste Krstovski
Doctoral Dissertations
Latent variable models of text, such as topic models, have been explored in many areas of natural language processing, information retrieval and machine translation to aid tasks such as exploratory data analysis, automated topic clustering and finding similar documents in mono- and multilingual collections. Many additional applications of these models, however, could be enabled by more efficient techniques for processing large datasets. In this thesis, we introduce novel methods that offer efficient inference, search and evaluation for latent variable models of text. We present efficient, online inference for representing documents in several languages in a common topic space and fast …
Leveraging Backscatter For Ultra-Low Power Wireless Sensing Systems, Pengyu Zhang
Leveraging Backscatter For Ultra-Low Power Wireless Sensing Systems, Pengyu Zhang
Doctoral Dissertations
The past few years have seen a dramatic growth in wireless sensing systems, with millions of wirelessly connected sensors becoming first-class citizens of the Internet. The number of wireless sensing devices is expected to surpass 6.75 billion by 2017, more than the world's population as well as the combined market of smartphones, tablets, and PCs. However, its growth faces two pressing challenges: battery energy density and wireless radio power consumption. Battery energy density looms as a fundamental limiting factor due to slow improvements over the past several decades (3x over 22 years). Wireless radio power consumption is another key challenge …
Wind Farm Wake Modeling And Analysis Of Wake Impacts In A Wind Farm, Yujia Hao
Wind Farm Wake Modeling And Analysis Of Wake Impacts In A Wind Farm, Yujia Hao
Doctoral Dissertations
More and more wind turbines have been grouped in the same location during the last decades to take the advantage of profitable wind resources and reduced maintenance cost. However wind turbines located in a wind farm are subject to a wind field that is substantially modified compared to the ambient wind field due to wake effects. The wake results in a reduced power production, increased load variation on the waked turbine, and reduced wake farm efficiency. Therefore the wake has long been an important concern for the wind farm installation, maintenance, and control. Thus a wake simulation tool is required. …
Extending Faceted Search To The Open-Domain Web, Weize Kong
Extending Faceted Search To The Open-Domain Web, Weize Kong
Doctoral Dissertations
Faceted search enables users to navigate a multi-dimensional information space by combining keyword search with drill-down options in each facets. For example, when searching “computer monitor”' in an e-commerce site, users can select brands and monitor types from the the provided facets {“Samsung”, “Dell”, “Acer”, ...} and {“LET-Lit”, “LCD”, “OLED”, ...}. It has been used successfully for many vertical applications, including e-commerce and digital libraries. However, this idea is not well explored for general web search in an open-domain setting, even though it holds great potential for assisting multi-faceted queries and exploratory search. The goal of this work is to …
Effective Performance Analysis And Debugging, Charles M. Curtsinger
Effective Performance Analysis And Debugging, Charles M. Curtsinger
Doctoral Dissertations
Performance is once again a first-class concern. Developers can no longer wait for the next generation of processors to automatically "optimize" their software. Unfortunately, existing techniques for performance analysis and debugging cannot cope with complex modern hardware, concurrent software, or latency-sensitive software services. While processor speeds have remained constant, increasing transistor counts have allowed architects to increase processor complexity. This complexity often improves performance, but the benefits can be brittle; small changes to a program’s code, inputs, or execution environment can dramatically change performance, resulting in unpredictable performance in deployed software and complicating performance evaluation and debugging. Developers seeking to …
A Haptic Surface Robot Interface For Large-Format Touchscreen Displays, Mark Price
A Haptic Surface Robot Interface For Large-Format Touchscreen Displays, Mark Price
Masters Theses
This thesis presents the design for a novel haptic interface for large-format touchscreens. Techniques such as electrovibration, ultrasonic vibration, and external braked devices have been developed by other researchers to deliver haptic feedback to touchscreen users. However, these methods do not address the need for spatial constraints that only restrict user motion in the direction of the constraint. This technology gap contributes to the lack of haptic technology available for touchscreen-based upper-limb rehabilitation, despite the prevalent use of haptics in other forms of robotic rehabilitation. The goal of this thesis is to display kinesthetic haptic constraints to the touchscreen user …
Shape Design And Optimization For 3d Printing, Yahan Zhou
Shape Design And Optimization For 3d Printing, Yahan Zhou
Doctoral Dissertations
In recent years, the 3D printing technology has become increasingly popular, with wide-spread uses in rapid prototyping, design, art, education, medical applications, food and fashion industries. It enables distributed manufacturing, allowing users to easily produce customized 3D objects in office or at home. The investment in 3D printing technology continues to drive down the cost of 3D printers, making them more affordable to consumers. As 3D printing becomes more available, it also demands better computer algorithms to assist users in quickly and easily generating 3D content for printing. Creating 3D content often requires considerably more efforts and skills than creating …
Algorithms For First-Order Sparse Reinforcement Learning, Bo Liu
Algorithms For First-Order Sparse Reinforcement Learning, Bo Liu
Doctoral Dissertations
This thesis presents a general framework for first-order temporal difference learning algorithms with an in-depth theoretical analysis. The main contribution of the thesis is the development and design of a family of first-order regularized temporal-difference (TD) algorithms using stochastic approximation and stochastic optimization. To scale up TD algorithms to large-scale problems, we use first-order optimization to explore regularized TD methods using linear value function approximation. Previous regularized TD methods often use matrix inversion, which requires cubic time and quadratic memory complexity. We propose two algorithms, sparse-Q and RO-TD, for on-policy and off-policy learning, respectively. These two algorithms exhibit linear computational …