Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Network Security Risk Assessment Modeling Tools For Critical Infrastructure Assessment, George H. Baker, Samuel Redwine, Joseph Blandino

George H Baker

The James Madison University (JMU) CIPP research team is developing Network Security Risk Assessment Modeling (NSRAM) tools that will enable the assessment of both cyber and physical infrastructure security risks. The effort is driven by the need to predict and compute the probability of adverse effects stemming from system attacks and malfunctions, to understand their consequences, and to improve existing systems to minimize these consequences.

The tools are targeted at systems supporting critical infrastructures varying from individual systems to organization-wide systems, to systems covering entire geographical regions. Early work emphasizes computing systems, but systems sharing the network nature of computing …

A Study Of Evolutionary Acceleration, Sanza Kazadi, Sparta Cheung, Cristal Ogletree, Shirley Kim, Catherine Lee, Andrew Min

Sanza Kazadi

A New Class Of Entropy Estimators For Multi-Dimensional Densities, Erik G. Learned-Miller

Erik G Learned-Miller

We present a new class of estimators for approximating the entropy of multi-dimensional probability densities based on a sample of the density. These estimators extend the classic "m-spacing" estimators of Vasicek (1976) and others for estimating entropies of one-dimensional probability densities. Unlike plug-in estimators of entropy, which first estimate a probability density and then compute its entropy. our estimators avoid the difficult intermediate step of density estimation. For fixed dimension. the estimators an polynomial in the sample size. Similarities to consistent and asymptotically efficient one-dimensional estimators of entropy suggest that our estimators may sham these properties.

Enabling Predictable Assembly, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno, Judith Stafford, Kurt C. Wallnau

Gabriel A. Moreno

Demands for increased functionality, better quality, and faster time-to-market in software products continue to increase. Component-based development is the software industry’s response to these demands. The industry has developed technologies such as EJB and CORBA to assemble components that are created in isolation. Component technologies available today allow designers to plug components together, but do little to allow the developer to reason about how well they will play together. Predictable assembly focuses on issues related to assembling component-based systems that predictably meet their quality attribute requirements. This paper introduces prediction-enabled component technology (PECT) as a means of packaging predictable assembly …

Classifying Instantaneous Cognitive States From Fmri Data, Tom Mitchell, Rebecca Hutchinson, Marcel Just, Radu Niculescu, Francisco Pereira, Xuerui Wang

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

Neuroindices Of Cognitive Workload: Neuroimaging, Pupillometric, And Event-Related Potential Studies Of Brain Work, Marcel Adam Just, Patricia A. Carpenter, Akira Miyake

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

Scalability And Schedulability In Large, Coordinated, Distributed Robot Systems, John D. Sweeney, Huan Li, Roderic Grupen, Krithi Ramamritham

Roderic Grupen

Multiple, independent robot platforms promise significant advantage with respect to robustness and flexibility. However, coordination between otherwise independent robots requires the exchange of information; either implicitly (as in gestural communication), or explicitly (as in message passing in a communication network.) In either case, control processes resident on all coordinated peers must participate in the collective behavior. This paper evaluates the potential to scale such a coupled control framework to many participating individuals, where scalability is evaluated in terms of the schedulability of coupled distributed control processes. We examine how schedulability affects the scalability of a robot system, and discuss an …

Ambiguity In The Brain: What Brain Imaging Reveals About The Processing Of Syntactically Ambiguous Sentences, Robert A. Mason, Marcel Adam Just, Timothy A. Keller, Patricia A. Carpenter

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

Server Selection Techniques For Distribution Information Retrieval, Yoshiya Kinuta, Brian Neil Levine, R. Manmatha

R. Manmatha

Server selection is typically defined as maximizing network performance under the assumption that each server holds an exact replica of all data. We propose and evaluate methods of server selection when servers are not exact replicas such that we maximize both network performance and information retrieval (IR) precision (i.e., the relevance of retrieved data). We show that naive composition of previously proposed techniques from networking and IR perform poorly. We propose improving the performance of current IR selection techniques by using language model/based selection to construct local replicas of databases that network selection predicts are likely to be poor network …

A Statistical Approach To Retrieving Historical Manuscript Images Without Recognition, Toni M. Rath, Victor Lavrenko, R. Manmatha

R. Manmatha

Handwritten historical document collections in libraries and other areas are often of interest to researchers, students or the general public. Convenient access to such corpora generally requires an index, which allows one to locate individual text units (pages, sentences, lines) that are relevant to a given query (usually provided as ASCII text). Several solutions are possible: manual annotation (very expensive), handwriting recognition (poor results) and word spotting - an image matching approach (computationally expensive).

In this work, we present a novel retrieval approach for historical document collections, which does not require recognition. We assume that word images can be described …

Unsupervised Color Constancy, Kinh Tieu, Erik G. Learned-Miller

Erik G Learned-Miller

In [1] we introduced a linear statistical model of joint color changes in images due to variation in lighting and certain non-geometric camera parameters. We did this by measuring the mappings of colors in one image of a scene to colors in another image of the same scene under different lighting conditions. Here we increase the flexibility of this color flow model by allowing flow coefficients to vary according to a low order polynomial over the image. This allows us to better fit smoothly varying lighting conditions as well as curved surfaces without endowing our model with too much capacity. …

Retrieving Historical Manuscripts Using Shape, Toni M. Rath, Victor Lavrenko, R. Manmatha

R. Manmatha

Convenient access to handwritten historical document collections in libraries generally requires an index, which allows one to locate individual text units (pages, sentences, lines) that are relevant to a given query (usually provided as text). Currently, extensive manual labor is used to annotate and organize such collections, because handwriting recognition approaches provide only poor results on old documents.

In this work, we present a novel retrieval approach for historical document collections, which does not require recognition. We assume that word images can be described using a vocabulary of discretized word features. From a training set of labeled word images, we …

Indexing Of Handwritten Historical Documents - Recent Progress, R. Manmatha, Toni M. Rath

R. Manmatha

Indexing and searching collections of handwritten archival documents and manuscripts has always been a challenge because handwriting recognizers do not perform well on such noisy documents. Given a collection of documents written by a single author (or a few authors), one can apply a technique called word spotting. The approach is to cluster word images based on their visual appearance, after segmenting them from the documents. Annotation can then be performed for clusters rather than documents.

Given segmented pages, matching handwritten word images in historical documents is a great challenge due to the variations in handwriting and the noise in …

Brain Imaging Of Tongue-Twister Sentence Comprehension: Twisting The Tongue And The Brain, Timothy A. Keller, Patricia A. Carpenter, Marcel Adam Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

Strukturationen Der Interaktivität, Rudolf Kaehr

Rudolf Kaehr

No abstract provided.

Text Alignment With Handwritten Documents, E. Micah Kornfield, R. Manmatha, James Allan

R. Manmatha

Todays digital libraries increasingly include not only printed text but also scanned handwritten pages and other multimedia material. There are, however, few tools available for manipulating handwritten pages. Here, we propose an algorithm based on dynamic time warping (DTW) for a word by word alignment ofhandwritten documents with their (ASCII) transcripts. We see at least three uses for such alignment al gorithms. First, alignment algorithms allow us to produce displays (for example on the web) which allow a person to easily find their place in the manuscript when reading a transcript. Second, such alignment algorithms will allow us to produce …

Challenges In Information Retrieval And Language Modeling, Jay Aslam, Nichols Belkin, Chris Buckley, Jamie Callan, Sue Dumais, Norbert Fuhr, Donna Harman, David J. Harper, Djoerd Hiemstra, Thomas Hofmann, Eduard Hovy, Wessel Kraaij, John Lafferty, Victor Lavrenko, David Lewis, Liz Liddy, R. Manmatha, Andrew Mccallum, Jay Ponte, John Prager, Dragomir Radev, Philip Resnik, Stephen Robertson, Roni Rosenfeld, Salim Roukos, Mark Sanderson, Rich Schwartz, Amit Singhal, Alan Smeaton, Howard Turtle, Ellen Voorhees, Ralph Weischedel, Jinxi Xu, Chengxiang Zhai

R. Manmatha

Information retrieval (IR) research has reached a point where it is appropriate to assess progress and to define a research agenda for the next five to ten years. This report summarizes a discussion of IR research challenges that took place at a recent workshop.

The attendees of the workshop considered information retrieval research in a range of areas chosen to give broad coverage of topic areas that engage information retrieval researchers. Those areas are retrieval models, cross-lingual retrieval, Web search, user modeling, filtering, topic detection and tracking, classification, summarization, question answering, metasearch, distributed retrieval, multimedia retrieval, information extraction, as well …

Debating E-Commerce: Engaging Students In Current Events, Amber Settle, André Berthiaume

Amber Settle

Differential Effects Of Syntactic And Semantic Processing On The Subregions Of Broca's Area, Sharlene D. Newman, Marcel Adam Just, Timothy A. Keller, Jennifer Roth, Patricia A. Carpenter

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.