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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
User Survey Regarding The Needs Of Network Researchers In Trace-Anonymization Tools, Jihwang Yeo, Keren Tan, David Kotz
User Survey Regarding The Needs Of Network Researchers In Trace-Anonymization Tools, Jihwang Yeo, Keren Tan, David Kotz
Computer Science Technical Reports
To understand the needs of network researchers in an anonymization tool, we conducted a survey on the network researchers. We invited network researchers world-wide to the survey by sending invitation emails to well-known mailing lists whose subscribers may be interested in network research with collecting, sharing and sanitizing network traces.
A Privacy Framework For Mobile Health And Home-Care Systems, David Kotz, Sasikanth Avancha, Amit Baxi
A Privacy Framework For Mobile Health And Home-Care Systems, David Kotz, Sasikanth Avancha, Amit Baxi
Dartmouth Scholarship
In this paper, we consider the challenge of preserving patient privacy in the context of mobile healthcare and home-care systems, that is, the use of mobile computing and communications technologies in the delivery of healthcare or the provision of at-home medical care and assisted living. This paper makes three primary contributions. First, we compare existing privacy frameworks, identifying key differences and shortcomings. Second, we identify a privacy framework for mobile healthcare and home-care systems. Third, we extract a set of privacy properties intended for use by those who design systems and applications for mobile healthcare and home-care systems, linking them …
Mpcs: Mobile-Based Patient Compliance System For Chronic Illness Care, Guanling Chen, Bo Yan, Minho Shin, David Kotz, Ethan Burke
Mpcs: Mobile-Based Patient Compliance System For Chronic Illness Care, Guanling Chen, Bo Yan, Minho Shin, David Kotz, Ethan Burke
Dartmouth Scholarship
More than 100 million Americans are currently living with at least one chronic health condition and expenditures on chronic diseases account for more than 75 percent of the $2.3 trillion cost of our healthcare system. To improve chronic illness care, patients must be empowered and engaged in health self-management. However, only half of all patients with chronic illness comply with treatment regimen. The self-regulation model, while seemingly valuable, needs practical tools to help patients adopt this self-centered approach for long-term care. \par In this position paper, we propose Mobile-phone based Patient Compliance System (MPCS) that can reduce the time-consuming and …
Katana: A Hot Patching Framework For Elf Executables, Ashwin Ramaswamy, Sergey Bratus, Michael E. Locasto, Sean W. Smith
Katana: A Hot Patching Framework For Elf Executables, Ashwin Ramaswamy, Sergey Bratus, Michael E. Locasto, Sean W. Smith
Computer Science Technical Reports
Despite advances in software modularity, security, and reliability, offline patching remains the predominant form of updating or protecting commodity software. Unfortunately, the mechanics of hot patching (the process of upgrading a program while it executes) remain understudied, even though such a capability offers practical benefits for both consumer and mission-critical systems. A reliable hot patching procedure would serve particularly well by reducing the downtime necessary for critical functionality or security upgrades. Yet, hot patching also carries the risk -- real or perceived -- of leaving the system in an inconsistent state, which leads many owners to forego its benefits as …
Activity-Aware Ecg-Based Patient Authentication For Remote Health Monitoring, Janani Sriram, Minho Shin, Tanzeem Choudhury, David Kotz
Activity-Aware Ecg-Based Patient Authentication For Remote Health Monitoring, Janani Sriram, Minho Shin, Tanzeem Choudhury, David Kotz
Dartmouth Scholarship
Mobile medical sensors promise to provide an efficient, accurate, and economic way to monitor patients' health outside the hospital. Patient authentication is a necessary security requirement in remote health monitoring scenarios. The monitoring system needs to make sure that the data is coming from the right person before any medical or financial decisions are made based on the data. Credential-based authentication methods (e.g., passwords, certificates) are not well-suited for remote healthcare as patients could hand over credentials to someone else. Furthermore, one-time authentication using credentials or trait-based biometrics (e.g., face, fingerprints, iris) do not cover the entire monitoring period and …
Activity-Aware Ecg-Based Patient Authentication For Remote Health Monitoring, Janani Sriram, Minho Shin, Tanzeem Choudhury, David Kotz
Activity-Aware Ecg-Based Patient Authentication For Remote Health Monitoring, Janani Sriram, Minho Shin, Tanzeem Choudhury, David Kotz
Dartmouth Scholarship
Mobile medical sensors promise to provide an efficient, accurate, and economic way to monitor patients' health outside the hospital. Patient authentication is a necessary security requirement in remote health monitoring scenarios. The monitoring system needs to make sure that the data is coming from the right person before any medical or financial decisions are made based on the data. Credential-based authentication methods (e.g., passwords, certificates) are not well-suited for remote healthcare as patients could hand over credentials to someone else. Furthermore, one-time authentication using credentials or trait-based biometrics (e.g., face, fingerprints, iris) do not cover the entire monitoring period and …
Activity-Aware Electrocardiogram-Based Passive Ongoing Biometric Verification, Janani C. Sriram
Activity-Aware Electrocardiogram-Based Passive Ongoing Biometric Verification, Janani C. Sriram
Dartmouth College Master’s Theses
Identity fraud due to lost, stolen or shared information or tokens that represent an individual's identity is becoming a growing security concern. Biometric recognition - the identification or verification of claimed identity, shows great potential in bridging some of the existing security gaps. It has been shown that the human Electrocardiogram (ECG) exhibits sufficiently unique patterns for use in biometric recognition. But it also exhibits significant variability due to stress or activity, and signal artifacts due to movement. In this thesis, we develop a novel activity-aware ECG-based biometric recognition scheme that can verify/identify under different activity conditions. From a pattern …
Hardware-Assisted Secure Computation, Alexander Iliev
Hardware-Assisted Secure Computation, Alexander Iliev
Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations
The theory community has worked on Secure Multiparty Computation (SMC) for more than two decades, and has produced many protocols for many settings. One common thread in these works is that the protocols cannot use a Trusted Third Party (TTP), even though this is conceptually the simplest and most general solution. Thus, current protocols involve only the direct players---we call such protocols self-reliant. They often use blinded boolean circuits, which has several sources of overhead, some due to the circuit representation and some due to the blinding. However, secure coprocessors like the IBM 4758 have actual security properties similar to …
Semantic And Visual Encoding Of Diagrams, Gabriel A. Weaver
Semantic And Visual Encoding Of Diagrams, Gabriel A. Weaver
Computer Science Technical Reports
Constructed geometric diagrams capture a dynamic relationship between text and image that played a central role in ancient science and mathematics. Euclid, Theodosius, Ptolemy, Archimedes and others constructed diagrams to geometrically model optics, astronomy, cartography, and hydrostatics. Each derived geometric properties from their models and interpreted their results with respect to the model's underlying semantics. Although diagram construction is a dynamic process, the media in which these works were published (manuscripts and books) forced scholars to either view a snapshot of that process (a static image) or manually perform the entire construction. Mainstream approaches to digitization represent constructed diagrams as …
Dartmouth Internet Security Testbed (Dist): Building A Campus-Wide Wireless Testbed, Sergey Bratus, David Kotz, Keren Tan, William Taylor, Anna Shubina, Bennet Vance, Michael E. Locasto
Dartmouth Internet Security Testbed (Dist): Building A Campus-Wide Wireless Testbed, Sergey Bratus, David Kotz, Keren Tan, William Taylor, Anna Shubina, Bennet Vance, Michael E. Locasto
Dartmouth Scholarship
We describe our experiences in deploying a campus-wide wireless security testbed. The testbed gives us the capability to monitor security-related aspects of the 802.11 MAC layer in over 200 diverse campus locations. We describe both the technical and the social challenges of designing, building, and deploying such a system, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the largest such testbed in academia (with the UCSD's Jigsaw infrastructure a close competitor). In this paper we focus on the \em testbed setup, rather than on the experimental data and results.
Distributed Monitoring Of Conditional Entropy For Network Anomaly Detection, Chrisil Arackaparambil, Sergey Bratus, Joshua Brody, Anna Shubina
Distributed Monitoring Of Conditional Entropy For Network Anomaly Detection, Chrisil Arackaparambil, Sergey Bratus, Joshua Brody, Anna Shubina
Computer Science Technical Reports
Monitoring the empirical Shannon entropy of a feature in a network packet stream has previously been shown to be useful in detecting anomalies in the network traffic. Entropy is an information-theoretic statistic that measures the variability of the feature under consideration. Anomalous activity in network traffic can be captured by detecting changes in this variability. There are several challenges, however, in monitoring this statistic. Computing the statistic efficiently is non-trivial. Further, when monitoring multiple features, the streaming algorithms proposed previously would likely fail to keep up with the ever-increasing channel bandwidth of network traffic streams. There is also the concern …
Data For Cybersecurity Research: Process And ‘Wish List’, Jean Camp, Lorrie Cranor, Nick Feamster, Joan Feigenbaum, Stephanie Forrest, David Kotz, Wenke Lee, Patrick Lincoln, Vern Paxson, Mike Reiter, Ron Rivest, William Sanders, Stefan Savage, Sean Smith, Eugene Spafford, Sal Stolfo
Data For Cybersecurity Research: Process And ‘Wish List’, Jean Camp, Lorrie Cranor, Nick Feamster, Joan Feigenbaum, Stephanie Forrest, David Kotz, Wenke Lee, Patrick Lincoln, Vern Paxson, Mike Reiter, Ron Rivest, William Sanders, Stefan Savage, Sean Smith, Eugene Spafford, Sal Stolfo
Other Faculty Materials
This document identifies data needs of the security research community. This document is in response to a request for a “data wish list”. Because specific data needs will evolve in conjunction with evolving threats and research problems, we augment the wish list with commentary about some of the broader issues for data usage.
Automated Tracking Of Dividing Nuclei In Microscopy Videos Of Living Cells, Evan L. Tice
Automated Tracking Of Dividing Nuclei In Microscopy Videos Of Living Cells, Evan L. Tice
Dartmouth College Undergraduate Theses
Many cell biologists perform analysis of multinucleated cell data in order to better under- stand the mechanisms that regulate cell division. Sbalzarini, et al., have developed methods for automatically tracking nuclei in cell data in order to aid in this time-consuming analysis. In this paper, we present an implementation of the Sbalzarini tracking algorithm, introduce a new algorithm we developed which is able to identify mitosis events, and present other software tools we have developed to aid in the automated detection of nucleus data.
The Effects Of Introspection On Computer Security Policies, Stephanie A. Trudeau
The Effects Of Introspection On Computer Security Policies, Stephanie A. Trudeau
Dartmouth College Undergraduate Theses
What does it mean to be an expert? And what makes an expert more capable than a non-expert when it comes to evaluating and articulating their impressions about something as commonly practiced as food tasting? How do we explain those behaviors that humans perform very well, but don't quite know why? Studies have shown that there exists a class of activities that we as humans execute well intuitively, but that we perform much worse upon introspection. Evidence supports the claim that the act of introspection actually causes us to do more poorly at these tasks. My goal is to apply …
Developing An Improved, Web-Based Classroom Response System With Web Services, Oleg B. Seletsky
Developing An Improved, Web-Based Classroom Response System With Web Services, Oleg B. Seletsky
Dartmouth College Undergraduate Theses
Classroom Response Systems (CRS) are an in-class technology used to poll students and instantly display an aggregate representation of their responses. CRS have been around since the 1970s and have become increasingly more popular in higher education lecture halls. Even though technology, specifically computers and communications, has improved significantly since the 1970s, CRS have remained surprisingly unchanged. The purpose of this project was to develop an innovative web-based CRS using web services. The web-based aspect utilizes Dartmouth's wireless campus while the web services back-end makes the product more extensible. Lastly, we added a set of out-of-class learning tools for students …
An Information Complexity Approach To The Inner Product Problem, William B. Henderson-Frost
An Information Complexity Approach To The Inner Product Problem, William B. Henderson-Frost
Dartmouth College Undergraduate Theses
We prove a lower bound of the randomized communication complexity of the inner product function on the uniform distribution.
Hawk: 3d Gestured-Based Interactive Bird Flight Simulation, Thomas Yale Eastman
Hawk: 3d Gestured-Based Interactive Bird Flight Simulation, Thomas Yale Eastman
Dartmouth College Undergraduate Theses
Control interfaces provide the most tangible connection between human users and computer software. This link is especially important in interactive real-time applications, like games and simulations, because users desire efficient controls that allow them to maximize their interactivity and immersion with the software. Traditionally, interfaces have been largely limited to keyboards and mice. Recently, however, technological advances have made motion-sensitive devices not only available to mainstream consumers but have also lifted restrictions limiting devices to two-dimensional motion. This work presents a 3-dimensional motion-sensitive interface alongside a natural application. Players can control a soaring red-tailed hawk and perform various intuitive flight …
Surface Reconstruction Through Time, Leeann T. Brash
Surface Reconstruction Through Time, Leeann T. Brash
Dartmouth College Master’s Theses
Surface reconstruction is an area of computational geometry that has been progressing rapidly over the last decade. Current algorithms and their implementations can reconstruct surfaces from a variety of input and the accuracy and precision improve with each new development. These all make use of various heuristics to achieve a reconstruction. Much of this work consists of reconstructing a still object from point samples taken from the object's surface. We examine reconstructing an n-dimensional object and its motion by treating time as an (n + 1)st axis. Our input consists of (n-1)-dimensional scans taken over time and at di?erent positions …
A Computational Framework For Certificate Policy Operations, Gabriel A. Weaver, Scott Rea, Sean W. Smith
A Computational Framework For Certificate Policy Operations, Gabriel A. Weaver, Scott Rea, Sean W. Smith
Computer Science Technical Reports
The trustworthiness of any Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) rests upon the expectations for trust, and the degree to which those ex- pectations are met. Policies, whether implicit as in PGP and SDSI/SPKI or explicitly required as in X.509, document expectations for trust in a PKI. The widespread use of X.509 in the context of global e-Science infrastructures, financial institutions, and the U.S. Federal government demands efficient, transparent, and reproducible policy decisions. Since current manual processes fall short of these goals, we designed, built, and tested computational tools to process the citation schemes of X.509 certificate policies defined in RFC 2527 …
Applying Domain Knowledge From Structured Citation Formats To Text And Data Mining: Examples Using The Cite Architecture, D Neel Smith, Gabriel A. Weaver
Applying Domain Knowledge From Structured Citation Formats To Text And Data Mining: Examples Using The Cite Architecture, D Neel Smith, Gabriel A. Weaver
Computer Science Technical Reports
Domain knowledge expressed in structured citation formats can be exploited in data mining. We propose four structural properties of canonically cited texts, then look at to two classic problems in the study of the scholia, or ancient scholarly commentary, found in the manuscripts of the Iliad. We cluster citations of scholia to analyze their distribution in different manuscripts; this leads to a revised view of how the manuscripts' scribes drew on their source material. Correlated frequencies of named entities suggest that one group of manuscripts had access to material more closely based on the work of the greatest Hellenistic editor …
Deamon: Energy-Efficient Sensor Monitoring, Minho Shin, Patrick Tsang, David Kotz, Cory Cornelius
Deamon: Energy-Efficient Sensor Monitoring, Minho Shin, Patrick Tsang, David Kotz, Cory Cornelius
Dartmouth Scholarship
In people-centric opportunistic sensing, people offer their mobile nodes (such as smart phones) as platforms for collecting sensor data. A sensing application distributes sensing `tasks,' which specify what sensor data to collect and under what conditions to report the data back to the application. To perform a task, mobile nodes may use on-board sensors, a body-area network of personal sensors, or sensors from neighboring nodes that volunteer to contribute their sensing resources. In all three cases, continuous sensor monitoring can drain a node's battery. \par We propose DEAMON (Distributed Energy-Aware MONitoring), an energy-efficient distributed algorithm for long-term sensor monitoring. Our …
Autoscopy: Detecting Pattern-Searching Rootkits Via Control Flow Tracing, Ashwin Ramaswamy
Autoscopy: Detecting Pattern-Searching Rootkits Via Control Flow Tracing, Ashwin Ramaswamy
Dartmouth College Master’s Theses
Traditional approaches to rootkit detection assume the execution of code at a privilege level below that of the operating system kernel, with the use of virtual machine technologies to enable the detection system itself to be immune from the virus or rootkit code. In this thesis, we approach the problem of rootkit detection from the standpoint of tracing and instrumentation techniques, which work from within the kernel and also modify the kernel's run-time state to detect aberrant control flows. We wish to investigate the role of emerging tracing frameworks (Kprobes, DTrace etc.) in enforcing operating system security without the reliance …
Dynamic Universal Accumulators For Ddh Groups And Their Application To Attribute-Based Anonymous Credential Systems, Man Ho Au, Patrick P. Tsang, Willy Susilo, Yi Mu
Dynamic Universal Accumulators For Ddh Groups And Their Application To Attribute-Based Anonymous Credential Systems, Man Ho Au, Patrick P. Tsang, Willy Susilo, Yi Mu
Computer Science Technical Reports
We present the first dynamic universal accumulator that allows (1) the accumulation of elements in a DDH-hard group G and (2) one who knows x such that y=g^x has --- or has not --- been accumulated, where g generates G, to efficiently prove her knowledge of such x in zero knowledge, and hence without revealing, e.g., x or y. We introduce the Attribute-Based Anonymous Credential System (ABACS), which allows the verifier to authenticate anonymous users according to any access control policy expressible as a formula of possibly negated boolean user attributes. We construct the system from our accumulator.
Authenticated Streamwise On-Line Encryption, Patrick P. Tsang, Rouslan V. Solomakhin, Sean W. Smith
Authenticated Streamwise On-Line Encryption, Patrick P. Tsang, Rouslan V. Solomakhin, Sean W. Smith
Computer Science Technical Reports
In Blockwise On-line Encryption, encryption and decryption return an output block as soon as the next input block is received. In this paper, we introduce Authenticated Streamwise On-line Encryption (ASOE), which operates on plaintexts and ciphertexts as streams of arbitrary length (as opposed to fixed-sized blocks), and thus significantly reduces message expansion and end-to-end latency. Also, ASOE provides data authenticity as an option. ASOE can therefore be used to efficiently secure resource-constrained communications with real-time requirements such as those in the electric power grid and wireless sensor networks. We investigate and formalize ASOE's strongest achievable notion of security, and present …
Approximability Of The Unsplittable Flow Problem On Trees, Chrisil Arackaparambil, Amit Chakrabarti, Chien-Chung Huang
Approximability Of The Unsplittable Flow Problem On Trees, Chrisil Arackaparambil, Amit Chakrabarti, Chien-Chung Huang
Computer Science Technical Reports
We consider the approximability of the Unsplittable Flow Problem (UFP) on tree graphs, and give a deterministic quasi-polynomial time approximation scheme for the problem when the number of leaves in the tree graph is at most poly-logarithmic in $n$ (the number of demands), and when all edge capacities and resource requirements are suitably bounded. Our algorithm generalizes a recent technique that obtained the first such approximation scheme for line graphs. Our results show that the problem is not APX-hard for such graphs unless NP \subseteq DTIME(2^{polylog(n)}). Further, a reduction from the Demand Matching Problem shows that UFP is APX-hard when …
A Combined Routing Method For Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Soumendra Nanda, Zhenhui Jiang, David Kotz
A Combined Routing Method For Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Soumendra Nanda, Zhenhui Jiang, David Kotz
Computer Science Technical Reports
Several simulation and real world studies show that certain ad hoc routing protocols perform better than others under specific mobility and traffic patterns. In order to exploit this phenomena, we propose a novel approach to adapt a network to changing conditions; we introduce "a combined routing method" that allows the network to seamlessly swap from one routing protocol to another protocol dynamically, while routing continues uninterrupted. By creating a thin new virtual layer, we enable each node in the ad hoc wireless network notify each other about the protocol swap and we do not make any changes to existing routing …
Opportunistic Sensing: Security Challenges For The New Paradigm, Apu Kapadia, David Kotz, Nikos Triandopoulos
Opportunistic Sensing: Security Challenges For The New Paradigm, Apu Kapadia, David Kotz, Nikos Triandopoulos
Dartmouth Scholarship
We study the security challenges that arise in Opportunistic people-centric sensing, a new sensing paradigm leveraging humans as part of the sensing infrastructure. Most prior sensor-network research has focused on collecting and processing environmental data using a static topology and an application-aware infrastructure, whereas opportunistic sensing involves collecting, storing, processing and fusing large volumes of data related to everyday human activities. This highly dynamic and mobile setting, where humans are the central focus, presents new challenges for information security, because data originates from sensors carried by people— not tiny sensors thrown in the forest or attached to animals. In this …