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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Potential Interactions Between Diatoms And Bacteria Are Shaped By Trace Element Gradients In The Southern Ocean, Alexa R. Sterling, Laura Z. Holland, Randelle M. Bundy, Shannon M. Burns, Kristen N. Buck, P. Dreux Chappell, Bethany D. Jenkins
Potential Interactions Between Diatoms And Bacteria Are Shaped By Trace Element Gradients In The Southern Ocean, Alexa R. Sterling, Laura Z. Holland, Randelle M. Bundy, Shannon M. Burns, Kristen N. Buck, P. Dreux Chappell, Bethany D. Jenkins
OES Faculty Publications
The growth of diatoms in the Southern Ocean, especially the region surrounding the West Antarctic Peninsula, is frequently constrained by low dissolved iron and other trace metal concentrations. This challenge may be overcome by mutualisms between diatoms and co-occurring associated bacteria, in which diatoms produce organic carbon as a substrate for bacterial growth, and bacteria produce siderophores, metal-binding ligands that can supply diatoms with metals upon uptake as well as other useful secondary compounds for diatom growth like vitamins. To examine the relationships between diatoms and bacteria in the plankton (diatom) size class (> 3 mu m), we sampled both …
Docking And Molecular Dynamic Of Microalgae Compounds As Potential Inhibitors Of Beta-Lactamase, Roberto Pestana-Nobles, Yani Aranguren-Diaz, Elwi Machado-Sierra, Juvenal Yosa, Nataly J. Galan-Freyle,, Laura X. Sepulveda-Montano, Daniel G. Kuroda, Leonardo C. Pacheco-Londono
Docking And Molecular Dynamic Of Microalgae Compounds As Potential Inhibitors Of Beta-Lactamase, Roberto Pestana-Nobles, Yani Aranguren-Diaz, Elwi Machado-Sierra, Juvenal Yosa, Nataly J. Galan-Freyle,, Laura X. Sepulveda-Montano, Daniel G. Kuroda, Leonardo C. Pacheco-Londono
Faculty Publications
Bacterial resistance is responsible for a wide variety of health problems, both in children and adults. The persistence of symptoms and infections are mainly treated with beta-lactam antibiotics. The increasing resistance to those antibiotics by bacterial pathogens generated the emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), an actual public health problem. This is due to rapid mutations of bacteria when exposed to antibiotics. In this case, beta-lactamases are enzymes used by bacteria to hydrolyze the beta-lactam rings present in the antibiotics. Therefore, it was necessary to explore novel molecules as potential beta-lactamases inhibitors to find antibacterial compounds against infection caused by ESBLs. …
Imaging Of Neurotransmitters And Small Molecules In Brain Tissues Using Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Assisted With Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles., Chaochao Chen, Steven R Laviolette, Shawn N Whitehead, Justin B Renaud, Ken K-C Yeung
Imaging Of Neurotransmitters And Small Molecules In Brain Tissues Using Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Assisted With Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles., Chaochao Chen, Steven R Laviolette, Shawn N Whitehead, Justin B Renaud, Ken K-C Yeung
Chemistry Publications
Inorganic nanostructured materials such as silicon, carbon, metals, and metal oxides have been explored as matrices of low-background signals to assist the laser desorption/ionization (LDI) mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of small molecules, but their applications for imaging of small molecules in biological tissues remain limited in the literature. Titanium dioxide is one of the known nanoparticles (NP) that can effectively assist LDI MS imaging of low molecular weight molecules (LMWM). TiO2 NP is commercially available as dispersions, which can be applied using a chemical solution sprayer. However, aggregation of NP can occur in the dispersions and the aggregated NP …
Detection And Characterization Of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol And Novel Synthetic Cannabinoid Metabolites Using Human Liver Microsomes, Seema Murugan
Detection And Characterization Of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol And Novel Synthetic Cannabinoid Metabolites Using Human Liver Microsomes, Seema Murugan
Honors Theses
Marijuana and synthetic cannabinoids are the most commonly used and trafficked illicit drug. ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary active compound in marijuana. Synthetic cannabinoids were created as a method to study the effects of cannabinoids on the endocannabinoid system, which consists of endogenous cannabinoids, cannabinoid receptors, and the synthetic and degrading enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids. Cannabinoids activate the same receptors as endocannabinoids. Synthetic cannabinoids gained popularity as recreational drugs due to their ability to avoid detection. Synthetic cannabinoids have been found to have a greater binding affinity to the cannabinoid CB1 receptor …
Barth Syndrome: Exploring Cardiac Metabolism With Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes, Erica M. Fatica, Gina A. Deleonibus, Alisha House, Jillian V. Kodger, Ryan W. Pearce, Rohan R. Shah, Liraz Levi, Yana Sandlers
Barth Syndrome: Exploring Cardiac Metabolism With Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes, Erica M. Fatica, Gina A. Deleonibus, Alisha House, Jillian V. Kodger, Ryan W. Pearce, Rohan R. Shah, Liraz Levi, Yana Sandlers
Chemistry Faculty Publications
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked recessive multisystem disorder caused by mutations in the TAZ gene (TAZ, G 4.5, OMIM 300394) that encodes for the acyltransferase tafazzin. This protein is highly expressed in the heart and plays a significant role in cardiolipin biosynthesis. Heart disease is the major clinical manifestation of BTHS with a high incidence in early life. Although the genetic basis of BTHS and tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin deficiency in BTHS-affected individuals are well-established, downstream metabolic changes in cardiac metabolism are still uncovered. Our study aimed to characterize TAZ-induced metabolic perturbations …
An Investigation Into The Adduct Forming Potential Of Drugs Of Abuse With Peptides And Proteins, Richard Allen Gilliland
An Investigation Into The Adduct Forming Potential Of Drugs Of Abuse With Peptides And Proteins, Richard Allen Gilliland
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Hemoglobin and serum albumin, two prevalent proteins in human blood, contain unbound cysteine thiol moieties, creating a nucleophilic site with the potential for covalent modification by reactive chemical species. These covalent modifications, called “adducts”, are stable entities that accumulate during acute and chronic exposure and remain covalently bound for the life-span of the protein. Despite their current use as exposure markers for a variety of compounds, the use of adducts in assessing exposure to drugs of abuse has not yet been explored. The goal of this work was to examine the in vitro adduct forming capability of selected drugs of …
Biomimetic Tools In Oxidative Metabolism: Characterization Of Reactive Metabolites From Antithyroid Drugs, Kudzanai Chipiso
Biomimetic Tools In Oxidative Metabolism: Characterization Of Reactive Metabolites From Antithyroid Drugs, Kudzanai Chipiso
Dissertations and Theses
Toxicities of sulfur-based drugs have been attributed to formation of highly reactive sulfur oxo-acids and depletion of glutathione by the formation of reactive metabolites. Metabolic activation of these sulfur centers to conceivably toxic reactive metabolites (RMs) that can covalently modify proteins is considered the initial step in drug-induced toxicity. Despite considerable effort and research, detection and characterization of these RMs during drug development and therapy remains a challenge. Methimazole (MMI) and 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) are two commonly used antithyroid, sulfur-based drugs. Though effective, these drugs are associated with idiosyncratic toxicity. PTU has acquired a black box warning and physicians are calling …
Placental ‘Omics’ Study To Understand The Pathogenesis Of Preeclampsia, Komal Kedia
Placental ‘Omics’ Study To Understand The Pathogenesis Of Preeclampsia, Komal Kedia
Theses and Dissertations
Preeclampsia (PE) is a potentially fatal complication of pregnancy characterized by an increase in blood pressure (>140/90 mmHg) and proteinuria (>300 mg/24 hrs), often accompanied by edema. Symptoms of PE start after 20 weeks of gestation. If PE remains untreated, it can lead to eclampsia, grand-mal seizures responsible for most fatalities. PE is believed to affect 2-10% of pregnancies worldwide, and claims the lives of over 75,000 mothers and 500,000 newborns yearly. No therapeutic agents have been developed to prevent or cure PE. Part of the reason for this is the absence of a complete understanding of the …
Electrochemistry-Coupled To Mass Spectrometry In Simulation Of Metabolic Oxidation Of Methimazole: Identification And Characterization Of Metabolites, Kudzanai Chipiso, Reuben H. Simoyi
Electrochemistry-Coupled To Mass Spectrometry In Simulation Of Metabolic Oxidation Of Methimazole: Identification And Characterization Of Metabolites, Kudzanai Chipiso, Reuben H. Simoyi
Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations
Methimazole (MMI), an antithyroid drug, is associated with idiosyncratic toxicity. Reactive metabolites resulting from bioactivation of the drug have been implicated in these adverse drug reactions. Mimicry of enzymatic oxidation of MMI was carried out by electrochemically oxidizing MMI using a coulometric flow-through cell equipped with a porous graphite working electrode. The cell was coupled on-line to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EC/ESI-MS). ESI spectra were acquired in both negative and positive modes. In acidic medium, ESI spectral analysis showed that the dimer was the main product, while in neutral and basic media, methimazole sulfenic acid, methimazole sulfinic acid and methimazole …
Enzymatic Control Of The Related Pathways Of Fatty Acid And Undecylprodiginine Biosynthesis In Streptomyces Coelicolor, Renu Singh
Dissertations and Theses
Streptomyces coelicolor produces fatty acids for both primary metabolism and for production of the components of natural products such as undecylprodiginine. Primary metabolism makes the longer and predominantly branched-chain fatty acids, while undecylprodiginine utilizes shorter and almost exclusively straight chain fatty acids. The first step in fatty acid biosynthetic process is catalyzed by FabH (β-ketoacyl synthase III), which catalyzes a decarboxylative condensation of an acyl-CoA primer with malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP). The resulting 3-ketoacyl-ACP product is reduced by NADPH-dependent FabG into 3-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is dehydrated by FabA to form enoyl-ACP. The NADH-dependent FabI (InhA) completes the cycle. Subsequent rounds of …
Assessment Of The Occurrence And Potential Risks Of Antibiotics And Their Metabolites In South Florida Waters Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Venkata Reddy Panditi
Assessment Of The Occurrence And Potential Risks Of Antibiotics And Their Metabolites In South Florida Waters Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Venkata Reddy Panditi
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
An automated on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS method was developed for the quantitation of multiple classes of antibiotics in environmental waters. High sensitivity in the low ng/L range was accomplished by using large volume injections with 10-mL of sample. Positive confirmation of analytes was achieved using two selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions per antibiotic and quantitation was performed using an internal standard approach. Samples were extracted using online solid phase extraction, then using column switching technique; extracted samples were immediately passed through liquid chromatography and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. The total run time per each sample was 20 min. The statistically calculated …
On The Capillary Electrophoresis Of Monohydroxy Metabolites Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons And Its Application To The Analysis Of Biological Matrices, Gaston Knobel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are a class of environmental pollutants consisting of a minimum of two fused aromatics rings originating from the incomplete combustion of organic matter and/or anthropogenic sources. Numerous possible anthropogenic and natural sources make the presence of PAH ubiquitous in the environment. The carcinogenic nature of some PAH and their ubiquitous presence makes their chemical analysis a topic of environmental and toxicological importance. Although environmental monitoring of PAH is an important step to prevent exposure to contaminated sites, it provides little information on the actual uptake and subsequent risks. Parent PAH are relatively inert and need metabolic …
Biosynthesis Of Marineosin, A Spiroaminal Undecylprodiginine Natural Product, Shaimaa Mohamed Salem
Biosynthesis Of Marineosin, A Spiroaminal Undecylprodiginine Natural Product, Shaimaa Mohamed Salem
Dissertations and Theses
Marineosins A and B are two spiroaminal-ring containing tripyrrole compounds isolated from the marine actinomycete, Streptomyces CNQ-617, and were found to possess potent and selective cytotoxic activity against leukemia and melanoma. Marineosins belong to the prodiginines class of natural products, examples of which are undecylprodiginine and streptorubin B. Unlike marineosins, prodiginines structures are characterized by the presence of fully conjugated tripyrrole nucleus linked to an alkyl chain (that lacks any oxygen). Cyclic prodiginines arise from an oxidative cyclization of the alkyl chain onto the tripyrrole, a step catalyzed by Rieske-oxygenase like enzymes such as RedG. The biosynthesis of prodiginines is …
Novel Improvements On The Analytical Chemistry Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons And Their Metabolites, Wang Huiyong
Novel Improvements On The Analytical Chemistry Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons And Their Metabolites, Wang Huiyong
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are important environmental pollutants originating from a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic sources. Because many of them are highly suspect as etiological agents in human cancer, chemical analysis of PAH is of great environmental and toxicological importance. Current methodology for PAH follows the classical pattern of sample preparation and chromatographic analysis. Sample preparation preconcentrates PAH, simplifies matrix composition, and facilitates analytical resolution in the chromatographic column. Among the several approaches that exist to pre-concentrate PAH from water samples, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and …