Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Development Of Hydroxyapatite-Polymer Sorbents For The Removal Of Heavy Metal Ions From Waste Waters, Eleanora Charnetskaya

Chemistry Theses

Water pollution due to the presence of soluble metal ions is one of the greatest challenges to environmental scientists. Different methods have been explored to the removal of these soluble ions. Among these methods, elimination by sorption into/onto solid materials has been considered one of the successful approaches. Sorbent materials usually chemically interact with soluble ions and eliminate them by bond formation between the ions and the sorbent molecules. On the other hand, soluble ions can be also exchanged with inorganic sorbents in which other environmentally friendly ions can exchange with the soluble metal ions. In the current study, the …

Ultrafast And Nonlinear Spectroscopy Of Nanomaterials, Rami Anthony Khoury

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Ultrafast and nonlinear spectroscopies are implemented in the investigation of excited-state dynamics and structural properties of materials and nanomaterials. In the first study, the excited-state dynamics of size-dependent colloidal TiO₂-Au nanocomposites are investigated using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. The dynamics corresponding to the plasmon depletion band are characterized by electron-phonon and phonon-phonon coupling lifetimes that are observed to be independent of the gold nanocluster shell thickness. The excited-state dynamics corresponding to the interband transition of gold is also spectrally overlapped with the interfacial electron transfer lifetime, which is shown to decrease as the nanocluster shell thickness increases. In …

Development Of A Direct Aqueous Synthetic Route For The Production Of Elemental Bismuth Nanoparticles, Colin Jon Hiatt

Dissertations and Theses

Bismuth nanoparticles (Bi NPs) for use as an X-ray contrast material have gained significant traction in recent years due to the high atomic number and generally accepted biological tolerance of bismuth. However, to be considered a viable candidate for use in this application, water solubility is a necessity, which poses a challenge, since bismuth tends to readily oxidize. For this reason, research into the direct aqueous synthesis of Bi NPs is still in its infancy and can be very difficult, as described in Chapter 1. The remaining chapters of the thesis describe the direct aqueous synthesis of Bi NPs starting …

Elucidation Of The Toxicity Of Anthropogenic Nanoparticles In Environments Containing Heavy Metals, Chartanay Bonner

Dissertations

The design, synthesis, and applications of anthropogenic nanoparticles continue to rise as technologies utilizing the unique chemical and physical properties of materials with nanoscale dimensions emerge. Engineered silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) possess antimicrobial properties toward several strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The manufacturing and use of Ag NPs have led to their increased presence in the environment as pollutants. The interaction of Ag NPs with other pollutants influence their surface properties, aggregation state, stability and consequently, their toxic response toward microbial pathogens. In the present study, we examined the interaction of heavy metal ions (Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, and …

Synthesis, Modification, Characterization And Processing Of Molded And Electrospun Thermoplastic Polymer Composites And Nanocomposites, Tamalia Julien

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation focuses on the versatility and integrity of a novel, ultrasoft polycarbonate polyurethane (PCPU) by the introduction of nanoparticles and lithium salts. Additionally, the research takes into account the use of electrospinning as a technique to create PCPU and polyimide (PI) fibers. These polymers are of interest as they offer a wide range of properties and uses within the medical and industrial fields.

An industrial batch of an ultrasoft thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was synthesized using a two-step process. The first was to create an end capped pre-polymer from methylene bis (4-cyclohexylisocyanate), and a polycarbonate polyol made up of 1,6- …

Chemotherapeutic Applications Of Rhodamine Based Nanogumbos, Nimisha Bhattarai

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The work presented in this dissertation employs nanomaterials derived from a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS) for selective chemotherapeutic applications. GUMBOS, similar to ionic liquids, are organic salts consisting of a bulky cationic and anionic moiety. In contrast to ionic liquids, these materials have melting points ranging from 25–250 °C, making them solid phase at room temperature. Similar to ionic liquids, GUMBOS display tunable properties, such as hydrophobicity and solubility, through counter ion variation. These tunable properties provide a variety of applications for these GUMBOS, including selective chemotherapeutics applications. The …

Systematic Size Control In The Synthesis Of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles, Grant C. Bleier

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

A novel synthetic method for the production of highly magnetic, low size-dispersity nanoparticles through reversible magnetic agglomeration is introduced and studied in detail. Initially, a weakly coordinating surfactant (3-octadecyl-2,4-pentanedione) is employed to produce a wide range of nanoparticle sizes ranging from 8 to 20 nm in diameter. The kinetics faced in these reactions by cheap and widely available iron complex precursors can be avoided in this method with the introduction of thermodynamic control, which occurs in the form of a magnetic precipitation event that essentially halts nanoparticle growth. Utilizing this synthetic method, the length of the alkyl chain on the …

Structural Transformations Of Multimetallic Nanoparticles, Guangfang Li

Theses and Dissertations

Atomic-level understanding of the structural transformations of multimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) triggered by external stimuli is of vital importance to the enhancement of our capabilities to precisely fine-tailor the key structural parameters and thereby to fine-tune the catalytic properties of the NPs. In this work, I firstly show that Au-Cu bimetallic NPs demonstrate stoichiometry-dependent architectural evolutions during chemical dealloying processes and nanoporosity-evolving percolation dealloying only occurs for Au-Cu alloy NPs with Cu atomic fractions above the parting limit. The electrochemically active surface area and the specific activity of the dealloyed nanoframes can be systematically tuned to achieve the optimal electrocatalytic activity. …

Chemically And Biologically Responsive Nanoparticle Systems For Biomarker Detection And Combination Cancer Therapy, Neil M. Robertson

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The uniqueness and expression of miRNAs as biomarkers in certain cancers has the potential to radically alter the detection, and therefore the treatment, of the disease. Not only are current detection methods time consuming, and not sensitive enough for biomedical applications, but these small RNAs have yet to be fully utilized in treatment. By utilizing different nanomaterials we aimed to create novel nanodevices for the early, sensitive and specific detection of these biomarkers in a minimally invasive way and develop dual drug releasing nanoparticles, which are entirely controllable, to aid in the treatment of resistant cancer phenotypes.

Block-Copolymer Assisted Fabrication Of Anisotropic Plasmonic Nanostructures, Calbi J. Gunder

MSU Graduate Theses

The anisotropic nanostructures of noble metals are of great interest for plasmonic applications due to the possibility of tuning the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) across the UV-VIS-NIR without sacrificing the linewidth as well as to achieve larger local field enhancement. Here, we report a simple and promising fabrication method of anisotropic gold nanostructures film using polystyrene-b-2vinylpyridine (PS-b-P2VP) block copolymers (BCP) as a template. In this approach, PS-b-P2VP spherical micelles were first synthesized as a template followed by selective deposition of Au precursor inside P2VP core of the micelles using ethanol solution of Au salt. Subsequently, heat treatment of the …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Polydiene-Grafted Nanoparticles, Zaid Mohammed Abbas Alajeeli

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation presents the design, synthesis, and characterization of polydiene grafted nanoparticles as a way to tailor nanocomposite interfaces and properties via interface design. The polymerization of dienes was done via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The grafting of polymer chains on the surface of silica nanoparticles can be controlled through the molecular design of the RAFT agents attached to the nanoparticles surface. The properties of the nanocomposites largely depended on the interface between the particles and the polymer matrix. In the first part of this work, the polymerization of diene monomers was done on 15 nm diameter …

Fabrication And Application Of Functional Polymer-Protein Coreshell Nanoparticles, Lin Lu

Theses and Dissertations

The study of polymer-protein nanoparticles is of increasing interest due to their various potential applications in biosensing, imaging, bioseparations, gene and drug delivery, etc. Synthetic polymers can be tailored with different functional groups and properties, therefore, they can serve as platforms to impart proteins with additional features and assist proteins to better perform biological functions. In this dissertation work, we were mainly focusing on the preparation of polymer-protein core-shell nanoparticles by synthesizing new functional polymers and assembling them with proteins for different applications. In chapter 1, a pyridine grafted diblock copolymer P(CL-g-Py)-b-PCL was prepared through ROP and CuAAC reactions. …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Magnetic Cabides And Oxides Nanomaterials, Hei Man Tsui

Theses and Dissertations

The design and development of nanoparticles is of great interest in the current energy and electronic industry. However, based on the current materials available the production cost can be high with insignificant magnetic and mechanical properties. Specifically, rare-earth magnetic materials composed of neodymium and samarium are known for their high magnetic performance, however, due to the cost of development there is a need to develop a versatile and cost effective material. Alternatively, cobalt carbide nanomaterials have shown to be a promising alternative for rare-earth free magnets as they exhibit comparable properties as hexaferrite magnetic materials. The primary goal of this …