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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Fluoride As A Therapeutic Drug In Osteoporosis Treatment, Rita Priyadarshani Francis
Fluoride As A Therapeutic Drug In Osteoporosis Treatment, Rita Priyadarshani Francis
Honors Theses
The use of fluoride as a therapeutic drug is not a novel idea. Studies dealing with the effects of fluoride on the skeletal system date back to the late 1960's. This paper will define osteoporosis, examine methods of detection, and will discuss various methods of treatment with emphasis on the use of fluoride supplements in the form of tablets or fluorinated drinking water.
Equilibrium Constant Determination For Bisulfite Addition To Aromatic Aldehydes, Daniel Y. Choi
Equilibrium Constant Determination For Bisulfite Addition To Aromatic Aldehydes, Daniel Y. Choi
Honors Theses
Equilibrium constants for bisulfite addition to benzaldehyde and its derivatives were determined by a spectrophotometric method developed by Kokesh and Hall. The concentration of the benzaldehyde derivative was monitored by UV as aliquots of a bisulfite solution are added to a buffered solution of the aldehyde. Additional data on ΔH° and ΔS° for the reactions were derived from the temperature variation of the equilibrium constants. For benzaldehyde, the reaction had an equilibrium constant at 25°C of 6.2 x 103 M-1, a ΔH° of -54.3 kJ/mol, and a ΔS° of -111 J/Mol·K. o-Tolualdehyde exhibited a lower Keq of 2.4 x 103 …
The Synthesis Of Homoallylic Alcohols Through Diasteriomeric Transition States, Jeffrey Lee Osofsky
The Synthesis Of Homoallylic Alcohols Through Diasteriomeric Transition States, Jeffrey Lee Osofsky
Honors Theses
Theoretically, optically active homoallylic alcohols can be synthesized by reacting an optically active organotin with an aldehyde in the presence of a Lewis acid. It is expected that the chirality of the organotin will induce one diastereomeric transition state which will have a significantly reduced activation energy than the transition state of the other diastereomer. If the difference between the two activation energies is substantial enough, the transition state with the lower activation energy will be preferred over the other transition state. If the preference is absolute one completely pure alcohol enantiomer will be produced. If there is a preference, …
Making A Rainbow Workstation For A Chemistry Lab, John D. Bak
Making A Rainbow Workstation For A Chemistry Lab, John D. Bak
Honors Theses
Chemical kinetics is the study of how quickly and by what means chemical reactions proceed. Some reactions are so fast and complicated that data must be taken very quickly and then lengthy calculations must be done to get results. Computers speed these studies greatly. The system to he described uses a DEC-Rainbow microcomputer as a terminal for a workstation. The system may collect 8k of buffered data at a rate of 1MHz and then upload the data to a VAX for analysis using the same Rainbow u a graphics terminal. The program for data analysis, called KinSim, will then accept …
Chirality Transfer In The Synthesis Of Homoallylic Alcohols, Simon Paul Drew
Chirality Transfer In The Synthesis Of Homoallylic Alcohols, Simon Paul Drew
Honors Theses
Previous studies on the reaction of the optically active organotin, diallylisopropylmyrtanyltin, to produce homoallylic alcohols, using boron trifluoride as a Lewis acid, produced racemic mixtures regardless of the aldehyde used.1 In this experiment bromine was attached to the tin atom in allylmyrtanylphenyltin bromide, letting tin become an internal Lewis acid. Benzaldehyde was reacted with this compound to see it a single optically active product could be synthesized. After the alcohol had been separated out using vacuum distillation, the optical rotation of the product was taken and showed no appreciable rotation; thus a racemic mixture was produced.
The Use Of Direct Current Argon Plasma Spectroscopy For Quantitative Analysis Of Geological Samples, Stephen N. Lipsky
The Use Of Direct Current Argon Plasma Spectroscopy For Quantitative Analysis Of Geological Samples, Stephen N. Lipsky
Honors Theses
The focus of this project was the development of a process of analyzing geological samples which contain moderate amounts of silica. The main emphasis was put upon the reduction of the amount of "wet" chemistry and laboratory time involved in such analysis. Previous elemental analysis of such samples relied upon time consuming techniques such as combustion and precipitation reactions. Moreover, these analyses required the use of highly corrosive hydrofluoric acid (HF). This project utilized a DC Argon Plasma Spectrometer (DCP) for all elemental analyses. Furthermore, the only chemical required for the project was concentrated nitric acid. This project proposed that …
Synthesis Of 3, 6-Dimethyl-9, 10-Bis (Trimethylsilyl) Diimine: Structural Modification Of An Electrically Conductive Organic Solid, Cynthia A. Morphet
Synthesis Of 3, 6-Dimethyl-9, 10-Bis (Trimethylsilyl) Diimine: Structural Modification Of An Electrically Conductive Organic Solid, Cynthia A. Morphet
Honors Theses
The current, intense interest in non-classical electrical conductivity and superconductivity has stimulated an equally intense effort to synthesize new materials which exhibit enhanced electrical conductivities. This thesis reports such an effort. Previous work had resulted in the formation of planar aromatic compounds capable of acting as "synthetic metals", i.e.: of conducting an electrical charge. These efforts had focused on compounds utilizing heteroatoms from Group VIA. Efforts to synthesize analogous compounds utilizing heteroatoms from Group VA had been partially successful, but were hampered by solubility considerations. This research focuses on the synthetic procedure developed to produce an analog of one of …
Spectral Studies Of Pyrene Carboxylic Acids, Jeannie Haller
Spectral Studies Of Pyrene Carboxylic Acids, Jeannie Haller
Honors Theses
The pKa and pKa* of 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid (PCA) in a 50% ethanol/water solvent were experimentally (letermined to be 4.3 and 5.2, respectively. The pK8 of pyrene acrylic acid (PAA) in the same solvent was experimentally determined to be 4.6. An excited state equilibrium was not reached at the buffer concentrations used for the pKa* analysis; therefore, a valid value for the pKa* can not be reported at this time, but taking both the experimental results and the calculated pK8.'s into account, it appears that the pKa* of PAA is in the range 6.6 < pKa* < 7.4. The fluorescence of PCA, PAA, and 1-anthroic acid (1-AA) were studied as a function of solvent. The fluorescence of PCA was solvent independent- small spectral shifts as well as the retention of structure were observed in solvents of varying polarity. The fluorescence of 1-AA and PAA exhibited a solvent dependence. The results of both the pKa analysis and the fluorescence studies indicate that the S0 and the S1 states of PCA have a similar geometry, but that the geometry of the S0 and the S1 states of PAA differ. The change in geometry may be the rotation of the carboxyl group from its nearly perpendicular position with the ring in the S0 state to a more coplanar position with the ring in the S1 state. The effects of hydrogen bonding in hexafluoroisopropanol on the spectral properties of PAA were studied, and the results of the studies indicate that PAA forms a hydrogen-bonded complex with hexafluoroisopropanol in both the ground and the excited states.
Determination Of The Kinetic And Thermodynamic Properties For Bisulfite Addition To: Acetophenone, 2-Chloroacetophenone And Trans-Cinnamaldehyde, Laurie Ann Le Tarte
Determination Of The Kinetic And Thermodynamic Properties For Bisulfite Addition To: Acetophenone, 2-Chloroacetophenone And Trans-Cinnamaldehyde, Laurie Ann Le Tarte
Honors Theses
The equilibrium constants for bisulfite addition to acetophenone, 2-choloroacetophenone and trans-cinnamaldehyde were determined using an ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. The absorbance of the carbonyl compound was monitored as aliquots of a bisulfite solution were added to the reaction cell. By plotting 1/A versus [HSO3-], and dividing the slope by the intercept, it was possible to determine Keq. All determinations were made at pH 4.66 and ionic strength 1.0. By determining Keq at various temperatures it was also possible to determine ΔH° and ΔS°. The equilibrium constants for bisulfite addition to: acetophenone, 2-choloracetophenone and trans-cinnamaldehyde, were determined to be: 5.8 M-1, 53 …
Determination Of The Kinetic And Thermodynamic Properties For Bisulfite Addition To: Acetophenone, 2-Chloroacetophenone And Trans-Cinnamaldehyde, Laurie Ann Letarte
Determination Of The Kinetic And Thermodynamic Properties For Bisulfite Addition To: Acetophenone, 2-Chloroacetophenone And Trans-Cinnamaldehyde, Laurie Ann Letarte
Honors Theses
The equilibrium constants for bisulfite addition to acetophenone, 2-choloroacetophenone and trans-cinnamaldehyde were determined using an ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. The absorbance of the carbonyl compound was monitored as aliquots of a bisulfite solution were added to the reaction cell. By plotting 1/A versus [HSO3-], and dividing the slope by the intercept, it was possible to determine Keq. All determinations were made at pH 4.66 and ionic strength 1.0. By determining Keq at various temperatures it was also possible to determine ΔH° and ΔS°. The equilibrium constants for bisulfite addition to: acetophenone, 2-choloracetophenone and trans-cinnamaldehyde, were determined to be: 5.8 M-1, 53 …
The Synthesis Of Homoallylic Alcohols Through Diasteriomeric Transition States, Jeffrey Lee Osofsky
The Synthesis Of Homoallylic Alcohols Through Diasteriomeric Transition States, Jeffrey Lee Osofsky
Honors Theses
Theoretically, optically active homoallylic alcohols can be synthesized by reacting an optically active organotin with an aldehyde in the presence of a Lewis acid. It is expected that the chirality of the organotin will induce one diastereomeric transition state which will have a significantly reduced activation energy than the transition state of the other diastereomer. If the difference between the two activation energies is substantial enough, the transition state with the lower activation energy will be preferred over the other transition state. If the preference is absolute one completely pure alcohol enantiomer will be produced. If there is a preference, …
Rise To Power Of Senator Joseph R. Mccarthy: Reflections Of The Cold War Mccarthy Era In American Film, Scott Lainer
Rise To Power Of Senator Joseph R. Mccarthy: Reflections Of The Cold War Mccarthy Era In American Film, Scott Lainer
Honors Theses
The common bond between much of the film industry and Joseph McCarthy was insecurity and the drive for national approval. If one grasps the specific characteristics of McCarthy the man, and the methods of these politically "inspired" movies, we can to better place the period into context and acknowledge the fact that, if the citizenry is not aware, and is again caught by an ever-building wave of trickle down sentiment, the 1950s might not prove to be an isolated period in American history. Insecurity was not a fifties novelty. It still exists, and could potentially escalate anti-Communist policy and sentiment …