Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Nona-Arginine Facilitates Delivery Of Quantum Dots Into Cells Via Multiple Pathways, Yi Xu, Betty Revon Liu, Han Jung Lee, Katie Shannon, Jeffrey G. Winiarz, Tien-Chun Wang, Huey-Jenn Chiang, Yue-Wern Huang

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have recently been used to deliver and monitor biomolecules, such as drugs and proteins. However, QDs alone have a low efficiency of transport across the plasma membrane. In order to increase the efficiency, we used synthetic nona-arginine (SR9), a cell-penetrating peptide, to facilitate uptake. We found that SR9 increased the cellular uptake of QDs in a noncovalent binding manner between QDs and SR9. Further, we investigated mechanisms of QD/SR9 cellular internalization. Low temperature and metabolic inhibitors markedly inhibited the uptake of QD/SR9, indicating that internalization is an energy-dependent process. Results from both the pathway inhibitors and …

Influence Of Ambient Temperature On The Pm Emissions From A Gas Turbine Engine, Donald E. Hagen, Prem Lobo, Philip D. Whitefield, Max B. Trueblood

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

During Project AAFEX, PM emissions measurements were conducted on a CFM56-2C1 gas turbine engine in January 2009 in Palmdale CA. The engine was mounted on a NASA DC-8 aircraft, which was parked on the runway, and emission samples were extracted at the engine exit plane (1m), in the near field (30m), and in the advected plume (145m). The engine was operated at several power levels, and burned several fuels: JP-8, a Fischer-Tropsch fuel derived from natural gas (FT1), and a second Fischer-Tropsch fuel derived from gasified coal (FT2). In addition to these fuels, 50:50 blends of the Fischer-Tropsch fuels and …

Hydrogen Storage And Carbon Dioxide Capture In An Iron-Based Sodalite-Type Metal-Organic Framework (Fe-Btt) Discovered Via High-Throughput Methods, Kenji Sumida, Satoshi Horike, Steven S. Kaye, Zoey R. Herm, Wendy L. Queen, Craig M. Brown, Fernande Grandjean, Gary J. Long, Anne M. Dailly, Jeffrey R. Long

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Using high-throughput instrumentation to screen conditions, the reaction between FeCl₂ and H₃BTT·2HCl (BTT^3- = 1,3,5-benzenetristetrazolate) in a mixture of DMF and DMSO was found to afford Fe₃[(Fe₄Cl)₃(BTT)₈] ₂·22DMF·32DMSO·11H₂O. This compound adopts a porous three-dimensional framework structure consisting of square [Fe₄Cl]⁷⁺ units linked via triangular BTT^3- bridging ligands to give an anionic 3,8-net. Mössbauer spectroscopy carried out on a DMF-solvated version of the material indicated the framework to contain high-spin Fe²⁺ with a distribution of local environments and confirmed the presence …

The Stereochemistry Of Selected Supramolecular Complexes Of Cucurbiturils And The Effect Of Homogeneous Equilibria And Electron Transfer Of The Guest, Arumugam Thangavel

Doctoral Dissertations

"From a practical perspective, host-guest complexes are vehicles for understanding and using supramolecular interactions for purposeful function in sensors, molecular machines and switches, while from a fundamental perspective they may lead to novel supramolecular protection schemes in basic organic reactions. This dissertation examines the interactions of cucurbiturils as barrel-shaped hosts, exhibiting a hydrophobic cavity, with substituted benzoylpyrydinium, phenypyrylium, and diazaanthraquinonediium cations as guests. In water, N-methyl-4-(p-substituted benzoyl)pyridinium cations exist in equilibrium with their hydrated forms (gem-diols), whose concentrations depend on the para substituent. In the presence of cucurbit7uril (CB[7]), the benzoyl group shows a preference for the CB[7] cavity, and …

Adsorption And Segmental Dynamics Of Acrylate And Methacrylate Polymers Adsorbed On A Silica Surface, Piyawan Krisanangkura

Doctoral Dissertations

"Poly(isopropyl acrylate)-d₇ (PIPA- d₇) was studied using ²H solid-state NMR and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). The polymer was deuterated on the methyl groups and side-chain methine. The PIPA- d₇ was adsorbed onto Cab-O-Sil silica. These two types of deuterons each showed their own characteristic deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra for bulk PIPA- d₇. The ²H NMR spectra of adsorbed PIPA- d₇ samples showed the presence of heterogeneity of the segmental dynamics. A residual powder pattern was found in the spectra of the surface samples at higher temperatures, indicating that the segments were tightly attached to the silica. The …

Effect Of Structure And Plasticizer On The Glass Transition Of Adsorbed Polymer, Boonta Hetayothin

Doctoral Dissertations

"The effect of molecular mass on adsorbed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) on silica was determined using temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC). A two-component model, based on loosely-bound polymer (glass transition temperature, T_g, similar to that of bulk) and tightly-bound polymer (T_g higher than that of bulk) was used to interpret the thermograms. Similar amounts of tightly-bound polymer were found for 450 and 85 kDa PMMA (0.78 mg/m²), while the 32 kDa sample had a smaller amount (0.48mg/m²). A comparison of adsorbed PMMA, poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), and poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) on silica was made using the same technique. The …

Comparing The Chelating Abilities Of N-Acetylcysteine And N-Acetylcysteine Amide In Vitro For Lead Poisoning Treatment, Weiqing Chen

Masters Theses

"Lead poisoning is a perennial and serious health problem around the world. The daily widespread use of lead has dramatically increased the degree and longevity of its exposure to humans, exacerbating the task of lead poisoning treatment. Lead exerts adverse effects on cardiovascular, central nervous, renal, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems. The common treatment for lead poisoning is chelation therapy. Chelators were proposed to treat lead poisoning a very long time ago. However, chelators have severe side effects that could cause more problems, in addition to lead poisoning. Therefore, another group of drugs has been suggested --- antioxidants. This type of …

Water Analysis For Emerging Environmental Contaminants, Xiaoliang Cheng

Masters Theses

"The presence of emerging environmental contaminants in water bodies used either as drinking water or for recreational purpose has received considerable attention in the recent years. The emerging environmental contaminants can be defined as a wide range of chemicals that have been determined in the environment which may present serious health risks for humans. The occurrence of these contaminants indicate that both household and industrial chemicals have been introduced to water resources, a wide variety of chemicals, such as disinfection byproducts, pharmaceutical and personal care products and so on, have been detected at cetiain levels in either water bodies or …

Analysis And Occurrence Of Disinfection By-Products In Fresh And Salt Water, Honglan Shi

Doctoral Dissertations

"Haloacetic acids, trihalomethanes, and bromate are important toxic water disinfection by-products (DBPs) that the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulates in drinking water. Iodoacetic acids and halonitromethanes (HNMs) are the unregulated emerging DBPs that have been recently found in the disinfected drinking waters, and which have much higher toxicity than the regulated DBPs. The purpose of this study was to develop new analytical methods for analysis of these emerging DBPs, to study their occurrence in Missouri drinking water systems, and to investigate the occurrence and formation of these DBPs in saltwater and seawater based marine park aquaria. A new rapid …

Capillary Electrophoresis Of Pteridines In Urine And Plants And Quantification Of Pharmaceutical And Personal Care Products In Missouri Waste Water, Stephen E. Gibbons

Doctoral Dissertations

"Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful technique that separates molecules based on their respective charge and hydrodynamic size. The major advantages of CE are high separation efficiency, small sample volume requirements, simple to no sample preparation and often organic solvents are not required for the separation.

The work presented in this dissertation utilized capillary electrophoresis for the analysis two different classes of compounds in different matrices. The first project investigated pteridines in urine and plants. The second project investigated pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCP's) in Missouri waste water.

As cancer continues to be one of the top three causes …

Haart Drugs Induce Oxidative Stress And Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Blood-Brain Barrier, Kalyan Reddy Manda

Doctoral Dissertations

"The era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has controlled AIDS and its related disorders considerably; however, the prevalence of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) has been on the rise in the post-HAART era. In view of these developments, we investigated whether a HAART drug combination of 3'-Azido-2', 3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) and Indinavir (IDV) can alter the functionality of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells, thereby exacerbating the condition. Viability of hCMEC/D3 cells (in vitro model of BBB) that were exposed to the drugs was significantly reduced after a 72 hr treatment, in a dose-dependent manner. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were highly …

Chemical Bath Deposition And Electrodeposition Of Epitaxial Semiconductor Materials For Application In Photovoltaic Devices, Guojun Mu

Doctoral Dissertations

"This dissertation investigates the chemical bath deposition of zinc oxide and electrodeposition of cuprous iodide on polycrystalline and single crystal substrates. Paper I describes the chemical bath deposition and characterization of titled epitaxial zinc oxide nanospears on Si(001) single crystal substrate. In Paper II, the chemical bath deposition of zinc oxide nanospears from highly alkaline solutions is discussed in detail, including a thermodynamic calculation of saturation and speciation of Zn(II) in aqueous solution, and a kinetic study of the deposition process. In this paper the epitaxial zinc oxide is reported grown on Au(100), (110), and (111) single crystals. Paper III …

Nmr Investigations Of Biomass-To-Fuel Conversions By Hydrothermal Processes, Wenjia Zhang

Doctoral Dissertations

"Biofuels have gained significant attention as the most promising alternative energy and fuel supply for the near future because of two dominant reasons: first, biofuels are environmentally friendly; and second, they afford a sustainable technology. Biofuels can be synthesized from biomass by several different processes, among which, hydrothermal conversion is considered to be more energy efficient. However, scientific efforts to improve hydrothermal biomass-to-fuel (HT-BTF) conversion efficiencies are severely limited because little is known about the salient reaction mechanisms and intermediates. This study is aimed at a better understanding of the hydrothermal biomass degradation kinetics by advanced NMR spectroscopy and, accordingly, …