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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A Comparison Of 12 Algorithms For Matching On The Propensity Score, Peter C. Austin
A Comparison Of 12 Algorithms For Matching On The Propensity Score, Peter C. Austin
Peter Austin
Propensity-score matching is increasingly being used to reduce the confounding that can occur in observational studies examining the effects of treatments or interventions on outcomes. We used Monte Carlo simulations to examine the following algorithms for forming matched pairs of treated and untreated subjects: optimal matching, greedy nearest neighbor matching without replacement, and greedy nearest neighbor matching without replacement within specified caliper widths. For each of the latter two algorithms, we examined four different sub-algorithms defined by the order in which treated subjects were selected for matching to an untreated subject: lowest to highest propensity score, highest to lowest propensity …
The Performance Of Different Propensity Score Methods For Estimating Absolute Effects Of Treatments On Survival Outcomes: A Simulation Study, Peter C. Austin
The Performance Of Different Propensity Score Methods For Estimating Absolute Effects Of Treatments On Survival Outcomes: A Simulation Study, Peter C. Austin
Peter Austin
Observational studies are increasingly being used to estimate the effect of treatments, interventions and exposures on outcomes that can occur over time. Historically, the hazard ratio, which is a relative measure of effect, has been reported. However, medical decision making is best informed when both relative and absolute measures of effect are reported. When outcomes are time-to-event in nature, the effect of treatment can also be quantified as the change in mean or median survival time due to treatment and the absolute reduction in the probability of the occurrence of an event within a specified duration of follow-up. We describe …