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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Induced Magnetic Dipole On Jupiter’S Moon Europa, Luke Francis, Michele Zanolin
Induced Magnetic Dipole On Jupiter’S Moon Europa, Luke Francis, Michele Zanolin
Student Works
Physics can have some of the most unique and extraordinary applications of basic principles applied on a larger scale. This paper will explore the properties of induced magnetic dipoles and will examine this phenomenon directly from Jupiter's moon, Europa. These properties will be used to determine if there is liquid water beneath its icy surface and how this conclusion was verified. This will be accomplished using the concepts of magnetic dipoles and induced currents. Recent missions have also revealed estimates of the depth of Europa's subsurface ocean. There have been many measurements taken of Europa's magnetic field, and they are …
Reason In Motion, Luke Francis
Reason In Motion, Luke Francis
Student Works
This essay will explain the historical models of the solar system, which was the known universe for most of human history. There is far more to each model than simply positioning different celestial bodies at the center of the system, and the stories of the astronomers who derived the controversial theories are not discussed often enough. The creation of these theories is part of a much broader revolution in scientific thought and marked the start of a series of observational discoveries that would change the the philosophy of science for centuries to come.
The Capabilities Of The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16 (Goes-16), Brandon M. Kane
The Capabilities Of The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16 (Goes-16), Brandon M. Kane
Student Works
This report investigates the capability of the new Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16 (GOES-16) satellite to display 16 channels of the electromagnetic spectrum, to produce images at a higher resolution at increased intervals, and to detect and display lightning. This report also discusses the main instrumentation aboard the new geostationary satellite and how it aids in creating accurate data collection, which in turn, produces quicker weather forecasts and warnings. The 16 different channels produced by the Advanced Baseline Imager aboard the new satellite are analyzed in detail as to the functions and wavelengths on which the channels operate. The image resolution …
Oxidization Of Al And A-Si As A Protective Layer, Yhoshua Wug
Oxidization Of Al And A-Si As A Protective Layer, Yhoshua Wug
Student Works
Arguably, the best chance to produce a IR-optical-UV-EUV mirror for a future space observatory is a multilayer mirror coated by a thin bare aluminum layer. Using an Al layer presents challenges that have to be overcome first. Al oxidizes rapidly as soon as it comes in contact with the atmosphere. One solution is to block the oxidation of Al by covering the mirror with a protective layer and remove it once the mirror is in space. freshly, deposited a-Si would be a good candidate for protecting the mirror. Removing it in space also presents some challenges. The best way to …
Developing Instrumentation For Fabricating And Characterizing Thin Film Aluminum Mirrors, P. Claire Segura
Developing Instrumentation For Fabricating And Characterizing Thin Film Aluminum Mirrors, P. Claire Segura
Student Works
The best material for constructing a mirror for a broad-bandwidth telescope that is also capable of reflecting EUV light is pure aluminum. In order to test how the reflectance of aluminum in the EUV range changes as it oxidizes, a system has been constructed that allows a thin aluminum mirror to be constructed inside of a vacuum, where its reflectance can then be tested immediately. Because the experiment must take place in a vacuum, it must also be controlled remotely through a computer program, which manages the mirror fabrication process as well as the collection and analysis of reflectance data. …
Observing Kelt Candidate Objects In The Search For Transiting Exoplanets, Maria Martinez
Observing Kelt Candidate Objects In The Search For Transiting Exoplanets, Maria Martinez
Student Works
The main goal of this project was to learn how to participate and be a part of a real observational team. We worked with the KELT exoplanet search project. While working with the KELT project we hoped to be able to confirm a candidate object as a planet. However, trying to discover a transiting planet was not our main goal for the summer. In addition, we also set out to learn how to work in an observatory, operate telescopes, and process data. The different objects we observed throughout the summer were not all determined to be transiting exoplanets, but we …
Differential Photometry Of High Mass X-Ray Binaries And Be Stars And Determining Standard Stars, Anne Blackwell
Differential Photometry Of High Mass X-Ray Binaries And Be Stars And Determining Standard Stars, Anne Blackwell
Student Works
Building off of the previously established Hα index (Joner & Hintz 2015), I use differential photometry to study high mass x-ray binaries and Be stars using the Hα index to define their level of activity. Specifically I focused of Cygnus X-1 and X Perseus. I took data on Cygnus X-1 (X Perseus will be studied later in the year) to look at its long and short term activity. Data analyzed using differential photometry is merged with previously collected spectroscopic data to show a seamless flow of results between techniques. I also defined the Hα values of 10 stars in the …
Using Hubble Parameter Measurements To Find Constraints On Dark Energy Based On Different Cosmological Models, William Wilson, Muhammad O. Farooq
Using Hubble Parameter Measurements To Find Constraints On Dark Energy Based On Different Cosmological Models, William Wilson, Muhammad O. Farooq
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In this paper, Hubble parameter versus redshift data, collected from multiple resources, is used to place constraints on the parameters of two current Cosmological dark energy models. The first dark energy model considered is the Standard Model of cosmology, also known as ΛCDM with spatial curvature, which is primarily based on Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity with a spatially homogeneous time-independent cosmological constant, Λ. The second is the XCDM model which parameterize dark energy as a fluid whose density can vary with time. The H(z) data collected through different experimental sources was used to put constraints on the parameters of …
Quantum Dot Band Gap Measurements, John Ryan Peterson
Quantum Dot Band Gap Measurements, John Ryan Peterson
Student Works
This presentation was given during the summer of 2016 as part of the BYU REU program funded by the NSF. Here I give a brief explanation of our quantum dot synthesis as well as explain the use of absorption spectroscopy to measure indirect band gap energies of semiconductors. Our experimental setup is shown and recent improvements are explained. We report indirect band gaps of quantum dots containing varying amounts of cobalt oxide and manganese oxide and synthesized in the protein ferritin. The data show that the band gap can be tuned arbitrarily in a certain range by varying the concentrations …
Direct Band Gap Measurements, John Ryan Peterson
Direct Band Gap Measurements, John Ryan Peterson
Student Works
This presentation was given during the summer of 2016 as part of the BYU REU program funded by the NSF. Here I give a brief explanation of our quantum dot synthesis and then explain the mechanism of photoluminsecence used to measure indirect band gap energies of semiconductors. Our experimental setup is shown. Direct band gaps of lead sulfide quantum dots synthesized in ferritin are reported. The data show that the band gap can be tuned arbitrarily in a certain range by varying the concentrations of the reactants. We compare stability of quantum dots in ferritin to quantum dots synthesized without …
Determining The Index Of Refraction Of Aluminum Fluoride In The Ultra Violet Spectrum, Zoe Hughes
Determining The Index Of Refraction Of Aluminum Fluoride In The Ultra Violet Spectrum, Zoe Hughes
Student Works
A NASA project called Large UV/Optical/Infrared Surveyor (LUVOIR) is looking into ways to coat a mirror for a new space telescope. We contributed to this project by investigating aluminum fluoride (AlF3) as a possible coating for the mirror. We measured the index of refraction of AlF3 in the wavelength range 6 – 49.5 nm by testing three sample mirrors, each made up of a silicon wafer with a coating of AlF3. We took data at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) in Berkeley, California and in the laboratory at Brigham Young University (BYU). There are discrepancies …
Performance Of Phase And Amplitude Gradient Estimator Method For Calculating Energy Quantities In A Plane-Wave Tube Environment, Daxton A. Hawks
Performance Of Phase And Amplitude Gradient Estimator Method For Calculating Energy Quantities In A Plane-Wave Tube Environment, Daxton A. Hawks
Student Works
Acoustic intensity, energy densities, and impedance are useful quantities when considering sound fields. Calculating these energy quantities relies on measurements of acoustic pressure and particle velocity. Pressure and particle velocity can be directly measured, but direct measurements of particle velocity are difficult to make, and are normally inaccurate. A more common and effective way to find particle velocity is to estimate it using pressure measurements from two closely-spaced microphones. The traditional way of estimating particle velocity is severely limited by frequency. The PAGE method, developed at Brigham Young University, extends the frequency bandwidth at which accurate estimations can be made. …
Daxton Hawks Reu Prospectus, Daxton A. Hawks
Daxton Hawks Reu Prospectus, Daxton A. Hawks
Student Works
The purpose of my research is to investigate the ability of the PAGE method to improve the frequency bandwidth of calculations of energy-based quantities from multiple pressure microphones. I will accomplish this by investigating sound waves in both plane-wave and standing-wave environments. I will compare the PAGE method calculations for Ia, Ir, Ep, Ek, and Z to those of traditional and analytical expressions, based on careful ambient condition monitoring. Quantifying the bandwidth extension of the PAGE method for these energy-based quantities will lay a foundation for further application.
Examination Of Resonant Modes In Microwave Cavities, Sophia Schwalbe, Gianpaolo Carosi
Examination Of Resonant Modes In Microwave Cavities, Sophia Schwalbe, Gianpaolo Carosi
Student Works
The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) looks to detect dark matter axion particles by using microwave cavities in a high magnetic eld to convert the axion's mass energy to a detectable photon. The photon frequency corresponds to the axion mass. Tuning elements in the cavities allow the resonant frequency to be changed but only certain modes couple to the axion. Interactions with additional resonant modes that do not couple to the axion cause unobservable regions in the frequency range. This research investigated new methods to move the additional resonant modes in order to observe these regions.
Preventing Oxidation Of Aluminum Films With Cadmium Of Zinc Barriers, Spencer B. Perry
Preventing Oxidation Of Aluminum Films With Cadmium Of Zinc Barriers, Spencer B. Perry
Student Works
The planned Large UV/Optical/Near-infrared Telescope (LUVOIR) is expected to launch sometime in the 2030s if NASA surveys recommend LUVOIR over several other projects in early developmental stages [1]. As the project title suggests, the proposed telescope would include large mirrors (between 8 and 16 meters) as part of the orbiting reflector telescope. My research focused on the preparation of aluminum mirrors with zinc or cadmium barrier layers that were designed to prevent oxidation of the aluminum.
Finding The First Stars, Eli D. Mcarthur
Finding The First Stars, Eli D. Mcarthur
Student Works
Minor perturbations resulting from a brief period of inflation at the time of the universe's birth seeded the growth of all structure in the universe. Using Enzo, a research code optimized for running cosmological simulations, we simulate the formation of the universe. We take into account the most current cosmological parameters and plot star formation rates of the universe for halos of varying mass from the beginning of time until today. By simulating star formation of the early universe, we verify that initially minuscule dark matter pockets resulting from inflationary perturbations attract more and more matter as the universe expands. …
Microfabrication With Smooth, Thin Cnt/Polymer Composite Sheets, Nathan Edward Boyer
Microfabrication With Smooth, Thin Cnt/Polymer Composite Sheets, Nathan Edward Boyer
Student Works
Carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composite sheets can be extremely high strength and lightweight, which makes them attractive for fabrication of mechanical structures. This thesis demonstrates a method whereby smooth, thin CNT/polymer composite sheets can be fabricated and patterned on the microscale using a process of photolithography and plasma etching. CNT/polymer composites were made from CNTs grown using chemical vapor deposition using supported catalyst growth and floating catalyst growth. The composite sheets had a roughness of approximately 30nm and were about 61¼m or 261¼m depending on whether they were made from supported catalyst grown or floating catalyst grown CNTs. The composites were …