Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Double Power Laws In The Event-Integrated Solar Energetic Particle Spectrum, Lulu Zhao, Ming Zhang, Hamid K. Rassoul

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

A double power law or a power law with exponential rollover at a few to tens of MeV nucleon−1 of the eventintegrated differential spectra has been reported in many solar energetic particle (SEP) events. The rollover energies per nucleon of different elements correlate with a particleʼs charge-to-mass ratio (Q/A). The probable causes are suggested as residing in shock finite lifetimes, shock finite sizes, shock geometry, and an adiabatic cooling effect. In this work, we conduct a numerical simulation to investigate a particleʼs transport process in the inner heliosphere. We solve the focused transport equation using a time-backward Markov stochastic approach. …