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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
How Do Galaxies Form Their Stars Over Cosmic Time?, Jed H. Mckinney
How Do Galaxies Form Their Stars Over Cosmic Time?, Jed H. Mckinney
Doctoral Dissertations
Galaxies in the past were forming more stars than those today, but the driving force behind this increase in activity remains uncertain. In this thesis I explore the origin of high star-formation rates today and in the past by studying the properties of gas and dust in the cold interstellar medium (ISM) of dusty galaxies over cosmic time. Critically, we do not yet understand how these galaxies could form so many stars. This work began with my discovery of unusual infrared (IR) emission line ratios in the class of dusty galaxies where most of the Universe’s stars were formed. To …
Aztec Survey Of The Central Molecular Zone: Modeling Dust Seds With Hierarchical Bayesian Analysis, Yuping Tang
Aztec Survey Of The Central Molecular Zone: Modeling Dust Seds With Hierarchical Bayesian Analysis, Yuping Tang
Doctoral Dissertations
In this dissertation, we present a study based on the AzTEC/Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) survey of dust continuum at 1.1mm on the central 200 parsecs (The Central Molecular Zone (CMZ)) of our Galaxy. Owing to its unusually high gas density and turbulence, strong magnetic field, and high cosmic ray flux, the CMZ represents an initial condition for star-formation typical of starburst galaxies in the distant universe. In order to understand dust properties in such an extreme environment. We perform a joint SED analysis of existing dust continuum surveys on the CMZ, from a wavelength of 160 μm to 1.1 mm. …
An Anomalous Extinction Law In The Cep Ob3b Young Cluster: Evidence For Dust Processing During Gas Dispersal, Thomas S. Allen, Jakub J. Prchlik, Thomas S. Mageath, R. A. Gutermuth, Judith L. Pipher, Tim Naylor, R.D. Jeffries
An Anomalous Extinction Law In The Cep Ob3b Young Cluster: Evidence For Dust Processing During Gas Dispersal, Thomas S. Allen, Jakub J. Prchlik, Thomas S. Mageath, R. A. Gutermuth, Judith L. Pipher, Tim Naylor, R.D. Jeffries
Robert A. Gutermuth
We determine the extinction law through Cep OB3b, a young cluster of 3000 stars undergoing gas dispersal. The extinction is measured toward 76 background K giants identified with MMT/Hectospec spectra. Color excess ratios were determined toward each of the giants using V and R photometry from the literature, g, r, i, and z photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and J, H, and Ks photometry from the Two Micron All Sky Survey. These color excess ratios were then used to construct the extinction law through the dusty material associated with Cep OB3b. The extinction law through Cep OB3b is …
Variation In The Dust Spectral Index Across M33, Fatemeh S. Tabatabaei, Jonathan Braine, Carsten Kramer, Manolis Xilouris, Mederic Boquien, Simon Verley, Eva Schinnerer, Daniela Calzetti, Francoise Combes, Frank Israel, Christian Henkel, The Herm33es Team
Variation In The Dust Spectral Index Across M33, Fatemeh S. Tabatabaei, Jonathan Braine, Carsten Kramer, Manolis Xilouris, Mederic Boquien, Simon Verley, Eva Schinnerer, Daniela Calzetti, Francoise Combes, Frank Israel, Christian Henkel, The Herm33es Team
Daniela Calzetti
Using the Herschel PACS and SPIRE FIR/submm data, we investigate variations in the dust spectral index $\beta$ in the nearby spiral galaxy M33 at a linear resolution of 160 pc. We use an iteration method in two different approaches, single and two-component modified black body models. In both approaches, $\beta$ is higher in the central disk than in the outer disk similar to the dust temperature. There is a positive correlation between $\beta$ and Halpha as well as with the molecular gas traced by CO(2-1). A Monte-Carlo simulation shows that the physical parameters are better constrained when using the two-component …
Kingfish -- Key Insights On Nearby Galaxies: A Far-Infrared Survey With Herschel: Survey Description And Image Atlas, R. C. Kennicutt, Daniela Calzetti, G. Aniano, P. Appleton, L. Armus, P. Beirão, A. D. Bolatto, B. Brandl, A. Crocker, K. Croxall, D. A. Dale, J. Donovan Meyer, B. T. Draine, C. W. Engelbracht, M. Galametz, K. D. Gordon, B. Groves, C.-N. Hao, G. Helou, J. Hinz, L. K. Hunt, B. Johnson, J. Koda, O. Krause, A. K. Leroy, Y. Li, S. Meidt, E. Montiel, E. J. Murphy, N. Rahman, H.-W. Rix, H. Roussel, K. Sandstrom, M. Sauvage, E. Schinnerer, K. Skibba, J. D. T. Smith, S. Srinivasan, L. Virgroux, F. Walter, C. D. Wilson, M. Wolfire, S. Zibetti
Kingfish -- Key Insights On Nearby Galaxies: A Far-Infrared Survey With Herschel: Survey Description And Image Atlas, R. C. Kennicutt, Daniela Calzetti, G. Aniano, P. Appleton, L. Armus, P. Beirão, A. D. Bolatto, B. Brandl, A. Crocker, K. Croxall, D. A. Dale, J. Donovan Meyer, B. T. Draine, C. W. Engelbracht, M. Galametz, K. D. Gordon, B. Groves, C.-N. Hao, G. Helou, J. Hinz, L. K. Hunt, B. Johnson, J. Koda, O. Krause, A. K. Leroy, Y. Li, S. Meidt, E. Montiel, E. J. Murphy, N. Rahman, H.-W. Rix, H. Roussel, K. Sandstrom, M. Sauvage, E. Schinnerer, K. Skibba, J. D. T. Smith, S. Srinivasan, L. Virgroux, F. Walter, C. D. Wilson, M. Wolfire, S. Zibetti
Daniela Calzetti
The KINGFISH project (Key Insights on Nearby Galaxies: a Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel) is an imaging and spectroscopic survey of 61 nearby (d < 30 Mpc) galaxies, chosen to cover a wide range of galaxy properties and local interstellar medium (ISM) environments found in the nearby Universe. Its broad goals are to characterize the ISM of present-day galaxies, the heating and cooling of their gaseous and dust components, and to better understand the physical processes linking star formation and the ISM. KINGFISH is a direct descendant of the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey (SINGS), which produced complete Spitzer imaging and spectroscopic mapping and a comprehensive set of multi-wavelength ancillary observations for the sample. The Herschel imaging consists of complete maps for the galaxies at 70, 100, 160, 250, 350, and 500 microns. The spectal line imaging of the principal atomic ISM cooling lines ([OI]63um, [OIII]88um, [NII]122,205um, and [CII]158um) covers the subregions in the centers and disks that already have been mapped in the mid-infrared with Spitzer. The KINGFISH and SINGS multi-wavelength datasets combined provide panchromatic mapping of the galaxies sufficient to resolve individual star-forming regions, and tracing the important heating and cooling channels of the ISM, across a wide range of local extragalactic ISM environments. This paper summarizes the scientific strategy for KINGFISH, the properties of the galaxy sample, the observing strategy, and data processing and products. It also presents a combined Spitzer and Herschel image atlas for the KINGFISH galaxies, covering the wavelength range 3.6 -- 500 microns. All imaging and spectroscopy data products will be released to the Herschel user generated product archives.
Aztec 1.1 Mm Images Of 16 Radio Galaxies At 0.5, A. Humphrey, M. Zeballos, I. Aretxaga, D. H. Hughes, M. S. Yun, R. Cybulski, Grant Wilson, J. Austermann, H. Ezawa, R. Kawabe, K. Kohno, T. Perera, K. Scott, D. Sánchez-Arguelles, R. Gutermuth
Aztec 1.1 Mm Images Of 16 Radio Galaxies At 0.5, A. Humphrey, M. Zeballos, I. Aretxaga, D. H. Hughes, M. S. Yun, R. Cybulski, Grant Wilson, J. Austermann, H. Ezawa, R. Kawabe, K. Kohno, T. Perera, K. Scott, D. Sánchez-Arguelles, R. Gutermuth
Grant Wilson
We present 1.1 mm observations for a sample of 16 powerful radio galaxies at 0.5
Dust-Corrected Star Formation Rates Of Galaxies. Ii. Combinations Of Ultraviolet And Infrared Tracers, Cai-Na Hao, C. Kennicutt Kr., Benjamin D. Johnson, Daniela Calzetti, Daniel A. Dale, John Moustakas
Dust-Corrected Star Formation Rates Of Galaxies. Ii. Combinations Of Ultraviolet And Infrared Tracers, Cai-Na Hao, C. Kennicutt Kr., Benjamin D. Johnson, Daniela Calzetti, Daniel A. Dale, John Moustakas
Daniela Calzetti
We present new calibrations of far-ultraviolet (FUV) attenuation as derived from the total infrared to FUV luminosity ratio (IRX) and the FUV-NUV color. We find that the IRX-corrected FUV luminosities are tightly and linearly correlated with the attenuation-corrected H\alpha\ luminosities (as measured from the Balmer decrement), with a rms scatter of $\pm 0.09$ dex. The ratios of these attenuation-corrected FUV to H\alpha\ luminosities are consistent with evolutionary synthesis model predictions, assuming a constant star formation rate over 100 Myr, solar metallicity and either a Salpeter or a Kroupa IMF with lower and upper mass limits of 0.1 and 100\msun. The …
The Emission By Dust And Stars Of Nearby Galaxies In The Herschel Kingfish Survey, Ramin A. Skibba, Charles W. Engelbracht, Daniel Dale, Joannah Hinz, Stefano Zibetti, Alison Crocker, Brent Groves, Leslie Hunt, Benjamin D. Johnson, Sharon Meidt, Eric J. Murphy, Philip Appleton, Lee Armus, Alberto Bolatto, Bernhard Brandl, Daniela Calzetti, Kevin Croxall, Maud Galametz, Karl. D. Gordon, Robert C. Kennicutt, Jin Koda, Oliver Krause, Edward Montiel, Hans-Walter Rix, Hélène Roussel, Karin Sandstrom, Marc Sauvage, Eva Schinnerer, J. D. Smith, Fabian Walter, Christine D. Wilson, Mark Wolfire
The Emission By Dust And Stars Of Nearby Galaxies In The Herschel Kingfish Survey, Ramin A. Skibba, Charles W. Engelbracht, Daniel Dale, Joannah Hinz, Stefano Zibetti, Alison Crocker, Brent Groves, Leslie Hunt, Benjamin D. Johnson, Sharon Meidt, Eric J. Murphy, Philip Appleton, Lee Armus, Alberto Bolatto, Bernhard Brandl, Daniela Calzetti, Kevin Croxall, Maud Galametz, Karl. D. Gordon, Robert C. Kennicutt, Jin Koda, Oliver Krause, Edward Montiel, Hans-Walter Rix, Hélène Roussel, Karin Sandstrom, Marc Sauvage, Eva Schinnerer, J. D. Smith, Fabian Walter, Christine D. Wilson, Mark Wolfire
Daniela Calzetti
Using new far-infrared imaging from the Herschel Space Observatory with ancillary data from ultraviolet to submillimeter wavelengths, we estimate the total emission from dust and stars of 62 nearby galaxies in the KINGFISH survey in a way that is as empirical and model-independent as possible. We collect and exploit these data in order to measure from the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) precisely how much stellar radiation is intercepted and re-radiated by dust, and how this quantity varies with galaxy properties. By including SPIRE data, we are more sensitive to emission from cold dust grains than previous analyses at shorter wavelengths, …
An Investigation Of The Dust Content In The Galaxy Pair Ngc 1512/1510 From Near-Infrared To Millimeter Wavelengths, Gl Liu, D Calzetti, Min Yun, Gw Wilson, Bt Draine, K Scott, J Austermann, T Perera, D Hughes, I Aretxaga, K Kohno, R Kawabe, H Ezawa
An Investigation Of The Dust Content In The Galaxy Pair Ngc 1512/1510 From Near-Infrared To Millimeter Wavelengths, Gl Liu, D Calzetti, Min Yun, Gw Wilson, Bt Draine, K Scott, J Austermann, T Perera, D Hughes, I Aretxaga, K Kohno, R Kawabe, H Ezawa
Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series
We combine new ASTE/AzTEC 1.1 mm maps of the galaxy pair NGC 1512/1510 with archival Spitzer IRAC and MIPS images covering the wavelength range 3.6-160 μm from the SINGS project. The availability of the 1.1 mm map enables us to measure the long-wavelength tail of the dust emission in each galaxy, and in sub-galactic regions in NGC 1512, and to derive accurate dust masses. The two galaxies form a pair consisting of a large, high-metallicity spiral (NGC 1512) and a low-metallicity, blue compact dwarf (NGC 1510), which we use to compare similarities and contrast differences. Using the models of Draine …
Dust Emission And Star Formation In Stephan's Quintet, G Natale, Rj Tuffs, Ck Xu, Cc Popescu, J Fischera, U Lisenfeld, N Lu, P Appleton, M Dopita, P-A Duc, W Reach, J Sulentic, Min Yun
Dust Emission And Star Formation In Stephan's Quintet, G Natale, Rj Tuffs, Ck Xu, Cc Popescu, J Fischera, U Lisenfeld, N Lu, P Appleton, M Dopita, P-A Duc, W Reach, J Sulentic, Min Yun
Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series
We analyze a comprehensive set of MIR/FIR observations of Stephan's Quintet (SQ), taken with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Our study reveals the presence of a luminous (L IR 4.6 × 1043 erg s-1) and extended component of infrared dust emission, not connected with the main bodies of the galaxies, but roughly coincident with the X-ray halo of the group. We fitted the inferred dust emission spectral energy distribution of this extended source and the other main infrared emission components of SQ, including the intergalactic shock, to elucidate the mechanisms powering the dust and polycyclic aromatic …
The Relation Between Gas And Dust In The Taurus Molecular Cloud, G Pineda, P Goldsmith, N Chapman, Ronald L. Snell, D Li, L Cambresy, C Brunt
The Relation Between Gas And Dust In The Taurus Molecular Cloud, G Pineda, P Goldsmith, N Chapman, Ronald L. Snell, D Li, L Cambresy, C Brunt
Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series
We report a study of the relation between dust and gas over a 100 deg2 area in the Taurus molecular cloud. We compare the H2 column density derived from dust extinction with the CO column density derived from the 12CO and 13CO J = 1 → 0 lines. We derive the visual extinction from reddening determined from 2MASS data. The comparison is done at an angular size of 200'' corresponding to 0.14 pc at a distance of 140 pc. We find that the relation between visual extinction A V and N(CO) is linear between A …
Galaxy Evolution At High-Redshift: Millimeter-Wavelength Surveys With The Aztec Camera, Kimberly S Scott
Galaxy Evolution At High-Redshift: Millimeter-Wavelength Surveys With The Aztec Camera, Kimberly S Scott
Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014
Galaxies detected by their thermal dust emission at submillimeter (submm) and millimeter (mm) wavelengths comprise a population of massive, intensely star-forming systems in the early Universe. These "submm/mm-galaxies", or SMGs, likely represent an important phase in the assembly and/or evolution of massive galaxies and are thought to be the progenitors of massive elliptical galaxies. While their projected number density as a function of source brightness provides key constraints on models of galaxy evolution, SMG surveys carried out over the past twelve years with the first generation of submm/mm-wavelength cameras have not imaged a large enough area to sufficient depths to …
Dust-Corrected Star Formation Rates Of Galaxies. I. Combinations Of H Alpha And Infrared Tracers, Rc Kennicutt, Cn Hao, D Calzetti, J Moustakas, Da Dale, G Bendo, Cw Engelbracht, Bd Johnson, Jc Lee
Dust-Corrected Star Formation Rates Of Galaxies. I. Combinations Of H Alpha And Infrared Tracers, Rc Kennicutt, Cn Hao, D Calzetti, J Moustakas, Da Dale, G Bendo, Cw Engelbracht, Bd Johnson, Jc Lee
Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series
We combine Hα emission-line and infrared (IR) continuum measurements of two samples of nearby galaxies to derive dust attenuation-corrected star formation rates (SFRs). We use a simple energy balance based method that has been applied previously to H II regions in the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey, and extend the methodology to integrated measurements of galaxies. We find that our composite Hα + IR based SFRs are in excellent agreement with attenuation-corrected SFRs derived from integrated spectrophotometry, over the full range of SFRs (0.01-80 M sun yr-1) and attenuations (0-2.5 mag) studied. We find that the combination of Hα and …
The Opacity Of Spiral Galaxy Disks. Viii. Structure Of The Cold Ism, Bw Holwerda, B Draine, Kd Gordon, Ra Gonzalez, D Calzetti, M Thornley, B Buckalew, Rj Allen, Pc Van Der Kruit
The Opacity Of Spiral Galaxy Disks. Viii. Structure Of The Cold Ism, Bw Holwerda, B Draine, Kd Gordon, Ra Gonzalez, D Calzetti, M Thornley, B Buckalew, Rj Allen, Pc Van Der Kruit
Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series
The quantity of dust in a spiral disk can be estimated using the dust's typical emission or the extinction of a known source. In this paper we compare two techniques, one based on emission and one on absorption, applied to sections of 14 disk galaxies. The two measurements reflect, respectively, the average and apparent optical depth of a disk section. Hence, they depend differently on the average number and optical depth of ISM structures in the disk. The small-scale geometry of the cold ISM is critical for accurate models of the overall energy budget of spiral disks. ISM geometry, relative …
Gaps In The Cloud Cover? Comparing Extinction Measures In Spiral Disks, Bw Holwerda, M Meyer, M Regan, D Calzetti, Kd Gordon, Jd Smith, D Dale, Cw Engelbracht, T Jarrett, M Thornley, C Bot, B Buckalew, Rc Kennicutt, Ra Gonzalez
Gaps In The Cloud Cover? Comparing Extinction Measures In Spiral Disks, Bw Holwerda, M Meyer, M Regan, D Calzetti, Kd Gordon, Jd Smith, D Dale, Cw Engelbracht, T Jarrett, M Thornley, C Bot, B Buckalew, Rc Kennicutt, Ra Gonzalez
Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series
Dust in galaxies can be mapped either by the FIR/submillimeter emission, the optical or infrared reddening of starlight, or the extinction of a known background source. We compare two dust extinction measurements for a set of 15 sections in 13 nearby galaxies to determine the scale of the dusty interstellar medium (ISM) responsible for disk opacity: one using stellar reddening and the other a known background source. In our earlier papers, we presented extinction measurements of 29 galaxies, based on calibrated counts of distant background objects identified though foreground disks in Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 images. For the 13 galaxies …
The Canada-Uk Deep Submillimetre Survey - Viii. Source Identifications In The 3-Hour Field, D Clements, S Eales, K Wojciechowski, T Webb, S Lilly, L Dunne, R Ivison, H Mccracken, Min Yun, A James, M Brodwin, O Le Fevre, W Gear
The Canada-Uk Deep Submillimetre Survey - Viii. Source Identifications In The 3-Hour Field, D Clements, S Eales, K Wojciechowski, T Webb, S Lilly, L Dunne, R Ivison, H Mccracken, Min Yun, A James, M Brodwin, O Le Fevre, W Gear
Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series
We present optical, near-infrared (IR) and radio observations of the 3-hour field of the Canada–UK Deep Submillimetre Survey (CUDSS). Of the 27 submillimetre sources in the field, nine have secure identifications with either a radio source or a near-IR source. We show that the percentage of sources with secure identifications in the CUDSS is consistent with that found for the bright ‘8-mJy’ submillimetre survey, once allowance is made for the different submillimetre and radio flux limits. Of the 14 secure identifications in the two CUDSS fields, eight are very red objects (VROs) or extremely red objects (EROs), five have colours …
Enrichment Of The Intergalactic Medium By Radiation Pressure-Driven Dust Efflux, A Aguirre, L Hernquist, N Katz, J Gardner, D Weinberg
Enrichment Of The Intergalactic Medium By Radiation Pressure-Driven Dust Efflux, A Aguirre, L Hernquist, N Katz, J Gardner, D Weinberg
Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series
The presence of metals in hot cluster gas and in Lyα absorbers, as well as the mass-metallicity relation of observed galaxies, suggest that galaxies lose a significant fraction of their metals to the intergalactic medium (IGM). Theoretical studies of this process have concentrated on metal removal by dynamical processes or supernova-driven winds. Here we investigate the enrichment of the IGM by the expulsion of dust grains from galaxies by radiation pressure. We use already completed cosmological simulations to which we add dust, assuming that most dust can reach the equilibrium point between radiation pressure and gravitational forces. We find that …
Dust Emissions From High-Redshift Qsos, C L. Carilli, K M. Bertoldi, K M. Menten, M P. Rupen, E Kreysa, Xiaohui Fan, Michael A. Strauss, Donald P. Schneider, A Bertarini, Min S. Yun, R Zylka
Dust Emissions From High-Redshift Qsos, C L. Carilli, K M. Bertoldi, K M. Menten, M P. Rupen, E Kreysa, Xiaohui Fan, Michael A. Strauss, Donald P. Schneider, A Bertarini, Min S. Yun, R Zylka
Min S. Yun
We present detections of emission at 250 GHz (1.2 mm) from two high-redshift QSOs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey sample using the bolometer array at the IRAM 30 m telescope. The sources are SDSSp 015048.831004126.2 at z = 3.7 and SDSSp J033829.311002156.3 at z = 5.0; the latter is the third highest redshift QSO known and the highest redshift millimeter-emitting source yet identified. We also present deep radio continuum imaging of these two sources at 1.4 GHz using the Very Large Array. The combination of centimeter and millimeter observations indicate that the 250 GHz emission is most likely thermal …
Simulating The Effects Of Intergalactic Gray Dust, Rac Croft, R Dave, L Hernquist, N Katz
Simulating The Effects Of Intergalactic Gray Dust, Rac Croft, R Dave, L Hernquist, N Katz
Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series
Using a high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamic simulation, we present a method to constrain extinction due to intergalactic gray dust based on the observed magnitudes of distant Type Ia supernovae. We apply several simple prescriptions to relate the intergalactic dust density to the gas density in the simulation, thereby obtaining dust extinctions that may be directly compared with the observed distribution of supernova magnitudes. Our analysis is sensitive to the spatial distribution of gray dust but is not dependent on its intrinsic properties, such as its opacity or grain size. We present an application of our technique to the supernova data of …
Co (J = 4 → 3) And 650 Micron Continuum Observations Of The Z = 0.93 Hyperluminous Infrared Galaxy Fsc 15307+3252, Min S. Yun, N Z. Scoville
Co (J = 4 → 3) And 650 Micron Continuum Observations Of The Z = 0.93 Hyperluminous Infrared Galaxy Fsc 15307+3252, Min S. Yun, N Z. Scoville
Min S. Yun
We report the results of our CO J = 4 → 3 line and rest-frame 650 μm continuum observations of the z = 0.93 hyperluminous infrared galaxy FSC 15307+3252 using the Owens Valley Millimeter Array. No line or continuum emission was detected, but the derived limits provide a useful constraint on the temperature, emissivity, and mass of the cold dust associated with FSC 15307+3252 and its molecular gas content. The 3 σ upper limit on the velocity-integrated CO (4-3) line flux is 1.6 Jy km s-1 (for ΔV = 300 km s-1). This corresponds to a surprisingly small total molecular …