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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Search For Gravitational Waves From Compact Binary Coalescence In Ligo And Virgo Data From S5 And Vsr1, J. Abadie, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, M. Abernathy, T. Accadia, F. Acernese, C. Adams, R. Adhikari, P. Ajith, B. Allen, G. Allen, E. Amador Ceron, R. S. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, F. Antonucci, M. A. Arain, M. Araya, M. Aronsson, K. G. Arun, Y. Aso, S. Aston, P. Astone, D. E. Atkinson, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, P. Baker, G. Ballardin, T. Ballinger, S. Ballmer, Tiffany Z. Summerscales Nov 2010

Search For Gravitational Waves From Compact Binary Coalescence In Ligo And Virgo Data From S5 And Vsr1, J. Abadie, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, M. Abernathy, T. Accadia, F. Acernese, C. Adams, R. Adhikari, P. Ajith, B. Allen, G. Allen, E. Amador Ceron, R. S. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, F. Antonucci, M. A. Arain, M. Araya, M. Aronsson, K. G. Arun, Y. Aso, S. Aston, P. Astone, D. E. Atkinson, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, P. Baker, G. Ballardin, T. Ballinger, S. Ballmer, Tiffany Z. Summerscales

Faculty Publications

We report the results of the first search for gravitational waves from compact binary coalescence using data from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory and Virgo detectors. Five months of data were collected during the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory's S5 and Virgo's VSR1 science runs. The search focused on signals from binary mergers with a total mass between 2 and 35M□. No gravitational waves are identified. The cumulative 90%-confidence upper limits on the rate of compact binary coalescence are calculated for nonspinning binary neutron stars, black hole-neutron star systems, and binary black holes to be 8.7×10⊃- 3yr⊃-1L10-1, 2.2×10⊃-3yr⊃-1L10-1, and 4.4×10⊃- 4yr⊃-1L10-1, …


First Search For Gravitational Waves From The Youngest Known Neutron Star, J. Abadie, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, M. Abernathy, C. Adams, R. Adhikari, P. Ajith, B. Allen, G. Allen, E. Amador Ceron, R. S. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. A. Arain, M. Araya, M. Aronsson, Y. Aso, S. Aston, D. E. Atkinson, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, P. Baker, S. Ballmer, D. Barker, S. Barnum, B. Barr, P. Barriga, L. Barsotti, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, Tiffany Z. Summerscales Oct 2010

First Search For Gravitational Waves From The Youngest Known Neutron Star, J. Abadie, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, M. Abernathy, C. Adams, R. Adhikari, P. Ajith, B. Allen, G. Allen, E. Amador Ceron, R. S. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. A. Arain, M. Araya, M. Aronsson, Y. Aso, S. Aston, D. E. Atkinson, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, P. Baker, S. Ballmer, D. Barker, S. Barnum, B. Barr, P. Barriga, L. Barsotti, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, Tiffany Z. Summerscales

Faculty Publications

We present a search for periodic gravitational waves from the neutron star in the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A. The search coherently analyzes data in a 12 day interval taken from the fifth science run of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory. It searches gravitational-wave frequencies from 100 to 300 Hz and covers a wide range of first and second frequency derivatives appropriate for the age of the remnant and for different spin-down mechanisms. No gravitational-wave signal was detected. Within the range of search frequencies, we set 95% confidence upper limits of (0.7-1.2) × 10 -24 on the intrinsic gravitational-wave strain, (0.4-4) …


Biofunctionalization And Immobilization Of A Membrane Via Peptide Binding (Cr3-1, S2) By A Monte Carlo Simulation, Ras B. Pandey, Hendrik Heinz, Jie Feng, Barry L. Farmer Sep 2010

Biofunctionalization And Immobilization Of A Membrane Via Peptide Binding (Cr3-1, S2) By A Monte Carlo Simulation, Ras B. Pandey, Hendrik Heinz, Jie Feng, Barry L. Farmer

Faculty Publications

A coarse-grained computer simulation model is used to study the immobilization of a dynamic tethered membrane (representation of a clay platelet) in a matrix of mobile peptide chains CR3-1:(1)Trp-(2)Pro-(3)Ser-(4)Ser-(5)Tyr-(6)Leu-(7)Ser-(8)Pro-(9)Ile-(10)Pro-(11)Tyr-(12)Ser and S2:(1)His-(2)Gly-(3)Ile-(4)Asn-(5)Thr-(6)Thr-(7)Lys-(8)Pro-(9)Phe-(10)Lys-(11)Ser-(12)Val on a cubic lattice. Each residue interacts with the membrane nodes with appropriate interaction and executes their stochastic motion with the Metropolis algorithm. Density profiles, binding energy of each residue, mobility, and targeted structural profile are analyzed as a function of peptide concentration. We find that the binding of peptides S2 is anchored by lysine residues ((7)Lys,(10)Lys) while peptides CR3-1 do not bind to membrane. The membrane slows down …


Predictions For The Rates Of Compact Binary Coalescences Observable By Ground-Based Gravitational-Wave Detectors, J. Abadie, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, M. Abernathy, T. Accadia, F. Acernese, C. Adams, R. Adhikari, P. Ajith, B. Allen, G. Allen, E. Amador Ceron, R. S. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, F. Antonucci, S. Aoudia, M. A. Arain, M. Araya, M. Aronsson, K. G. Arun, Y. Aso, S. Aston, P. Astone, D. E. Atkinson, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, P. Baker, G. Ballardin, S. Ballmer, Tiffany Z. Summerscales Sep 2010

Predictions For The Rates Of Compact Binary Coalescences Observable By Ground-Based Gravitational-Wave Detectors, J. Abadie, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, M. Abernathy, T. Accadia, F. Acernese, C. Adams, R. Adhikari, P. Ajith, B. Allen, G. Allen, E. Amador Ceron, R. S. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, F. Antonucci, S. Aoudia, M. A. Arain, M. Araya, M. Aronsson, K. G. Arun, Y. Aso, S. Aston, P. Astone, D. E. Atkinson, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, P. Baker, G. Ballardin, S. Ballmer, Tiffany Z. Summerscales

Faculty Publications

We present an up-to-date, comprehensive summary of the rates for all types of compact binary coalescence sources detectable by the initial and advanced versions of the ground-based gravitational-wave detectors LIGO and Virgo. Astrophysical estimates for compact-binary coalescence rates depend on a number of assumptions and unknown model parameters and are still uncertain. Themost confident among these estimates are the rate predictions for coalescing binary neutron stars which are based on extrapolations from observed binary pulsars in our galaxy. These yield a likely coalescence rate of 100 Myr-1 per MilkyWay Equivalent Galaxy (MWEG), although the rate could plausibly range from 1 …


Diode Properties Of Nanotube Networks, David D. Allred, Bryan Hicks, Stephanie Getty Jun 2010

Diode Properties Of Nanotube Networks, David D. Allred, Bryan Hicks, Stephanie Getty

Faculty Publications

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) were prepared using iron catalysts deposited by indirect evaporation on silicon substrate covered with 500 nm-thick thermal oxide. Diode SWCNT devices have been fabricated using Au and Al, as the asymmetric metal contacts, and a random network of metallic and semiconducting nanotubes as the device channel. No effort was made to align the SWCNTs or to eliminate metallic nanotubes in our devices. Asymmetric voltage-current behavior was seen. Current rectification was observed in the source-drain bias range of -3 V to +3 V. Rectification was somewhat surprising since, although metallic tubes are in the minority (~ 1/3), …


Structure Maps For Hcp Metals From First-Principles Calculations, Gus L. W. Hart, Ohad Levy, Stefano Curtarolo May 2010

Structure Maps For Hcp Metals From First-Principles Calculations, Gus L. W. Hart, Ohad Levy, Stefano Curtarolo

Faculty Publications

The ability to predict the existence and crystal type of ordered structures of materials from their components is a major challenge of current materials research. Empirical methods use experimental data to construct structure maps and make predictions based on clustering of simple physical parameters. Their usefulness depends on the availability of reliable data over the entire parameter space. Recent development of high-throughput methods opens the possibility to enhance these empirical structure maps by ab initio calculations in regions of the parameter space where the experimental evidence is lacking or not well characterized. In this paper we construct enhanced maps for …


All-Sky Search For Gravitational-Wave Bursts In The First Joint Ligo-Geo-Virgo Run, J. Abadie, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. Accadia, F. Acernese, R. Adhikari, P. Ajith, B. Allen, G. Allen, E. Amador Ceron, R. S. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, F. Antonucci, M. A. Arain, M. Araya, K. G. Arun, Y. Aso, S. Aston, P. Astone, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, P. Baker, G. Ballardin, S. Ballmer, D. Barker, F. Barone, B. Barr, P. Barriga, L. Barsotti, Tiffany Z. Summerscales May 2010

All-Sky Search For Gravitational-Wave Bursts In The First Joint Ligo-Geo-Virgo Run, J. Abadie, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. Accadia, F. Acernese, R. Adhikari, P. Ajith, B. Allen, G. Allen, E. Amador Ceron, R. S. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, F. Antonucci, M. A. Arain, M. Araya, K. G. Arun, Y. Aso, S. Aston, P. Astone, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, P. Baker, G. Ballardin, S. Ballmer, D. Barker, F. Barone, B. Barr, P. Barriga, L. Barsotti, Tiffany Z. Summerscales

Faculty Publications

We present results from an all-sky search for unmodeled gravitational-wave bursts in the data collected by the LIGO, GEO 600 and Virgo detectors between November 2006 and October 2007. The search is performed by three different analysis algorithms over the frequency band 50-6000 Hz. Data are analyzed for times with at least two of the four LIGO-Virgo detectors in coincident operation, with a total live time of 266 days. No events produced by the search algorithms survive the selection cuts. We set a frequentist upper limit on the rate of gravitational-wave bursts impinging on our network of detectors. When combined …


Cluster Solver For Dynamical Mean-Field Theory With Linear Scaling In Inverse Temperature, Ehsan Khatami, C. Lee, Z. Bai, R. Scalettar, M. Jarrell May 2010

Cluster Solver For Dynamical Mean-Field Theory With Linear Scaling In Inverse Temperature, Ehsan Khatami, C. Lee, Z. Bai, R. Scalettar, M. Jarrell

Faculty Publications

Dynamical mean-field theory and its cluster extensions provide a very useful approach for examining phase transitions in model Hamiltonians and, in combination with electronic structure theory, constitute powerful methods to treat strongly correlated materials. The key advantage to the technique is that, unlike competing real-space methods, the sign problem is well controlled in the Hirsch-Fye (HF) quantum Monte Carlo used as an exact cluster solver. However, an important computational bottleneck remains; the HF method scales as the cube of the inverse temperature, β. This often makes simulations at low temperatures extremely challenging. We present here a method based on determinant …


Quantum Criticality Due To Incipient Phase Separation In The Two-Dimensional Hubbard Model, Ehsan Khatami, K. Mikelsons, D. Galanakis, A. Macridin, J. Moreno, R. Scalettar, M. Jarrell May 2010

Quantum Criticality Due To Incipient Phase Separation In The Two-Dimensional Hubbard Model, Ehsan Khatami, K. Mikelsons, D. Galanakis, A. Macridin, J. Moreno, R. Scalettar, M. Jarrell

Faculty Publications

We investigate the two-dimensional Hubbard model with next-nearest-neighbor hopping, t′, using the dynamical cluster approximation. We confirm the existence of a first-order phase-separation transition terminating at a second-order critical point at filling nc(t′) and temperature Tps(t′). We find that as t′ approaches zero, Tps(t′) vanishes and nc(t′) approaches the filling associated with the quantum critical point separating the Fermi liquid from the pseudogap phase. We propose that the quantum critical point under the superconducting dome is the zero-temperature limit of the line of second-order critical points.


Globular Structure Of A Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Protease (1difa Dimer) In An Effective Solvent Medium By A Monte Carlo Simulation, Ras B. Pandey, Barry L. Farmer Mar 2010

Globular Structure Of A Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Protease (1difa Dimer) In An Effective Solvent Medium By A Monte Carlo Simulation, Ras B. Pandey, Barry L. Farmer

Faculty Publications

A coarse-grained model is used to study the structure and dynamics of a human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease (1DIFA dimer) consisting of 198 residues in an effective solvent medium on a cubic lattice by Monte Carlo simulations for a range of interaction strengths. Energy and mobility profiles of residues are found to depend on the interaction strength and exhibit remarkable segmental symmetries in two monomers. Lowest energy residues such as Arg(41) and Arg(140) (most electrostatic and polar) are not the least mobile; despite the higher energy, the hydrophobic residues (Ile, Leu, and Val) are least mobile and form the core by …


Structure-Property Maps And Optimal Inversion In Configurational Thermodynamics, Gus L. W. Hart, Björn Arnold, Alejandro Díaz Ortiz, Helmut Dosch Mar 2010

Structure-Property Maps And Optimal Inversion In Configurational Thermodynamics, Gus L. W. Hart, Björn Arnold, Alejandro Díaz Ortiz, Helmut Dosch

Faculty Publications

Cluster expansions of first-principles density-functional databases in multicomponent systems are now used as a routine tool for the prediction of zero- and finite-temperature physical properties. The ability of producing large databases of various degrees of accuracy, i.e., high-throughput calculations, makes pertinent the analysis of error propagation during the inversion process. This is a very demanding task as both data and numerical noise have to be treated on equal footing. We have addressed this problem by using an analysis that combines the variational and evolutionary approaches to cluster expansions. Simulated databases were constructed ex professo to sample the configurational space in …


Characterization Of Optical Constants For Uranium From 10 To 47 Nm, Nicole Brimhall, Nicholas Herrick, David D. Allred, R. Steven Turley, Michael Ware, Justin Peatross Mar 2010

Characterization Of Optical Constants For Uranium From 10 To 47 Nm, Nicole Brimhall, Nicholas Herrick, David D. Allred, R. Steven Turley, Michael Ware, Justin Peatross

Faculty Publications

We use a laser high-harmonics-based extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) polarimeter to determine the optical constants of elemental uranium in the wavelength range from 10 to 47 nm. The constants are extracted from the measure ratio of p-polarized to s-polarized reflectance from a thin uranium film deposited in situ. The film thickness is inferred from a spectroscopic ellipsometry measurement of the sample after complete oxidation in room air. Uranium has been used as a high-reflectance material in the EUV. However, difficulties with oxidation prevented its careful characterization previous to this study. We find that measured optical constants for uranium vary significantly from previous …


Ordered Magnesium-Lithium Alloys: First-Principles Predictions, Richard H. Taylor, Gus L. W. Hart, Stefano Curtarolo Jan 2010

Ordered Magnesium-Lithium Alloys: First-Principles Predictions, Richard H. Taylor, Gus L. W. Hart, Stefano Curtarolo

Faculty Publications

Magnesium-lithium (Mg-Li) alloys are among the lightest structural materials. Although considerable work has been done on the Mg-Li system, little is known regarding potential ordered phases. A first and rapid analysis of the system with the high-throughput method reveals an unexpected wealth of potentially stable low-temperature phases. Subsequent cluster expansions constructed for bcc and hcp superstructures extend the analysis and verify our high-throughput results. Of particular interest are those structures with greater than 13 at. % lithium, as they exhibit either partial or complete formation as a cubic structure. Order-disorder transition temperatures are predicted by Monte Carlo simulations to be …


A Hybrid Particle-Continuum Method For Hydrodynamics Of Complex Fluids, Alejandro Garcia, A. Donev, J. B. Bell, B. Alder Jan 2010

A Hybrid Particle-Continuum Method For Hydrodynamics Of Complex Fluids, Alejandro Garcia, A. Donev, J. B. Bell, B. Alder

Faculty Publications

A previously developed hybrid particle-continuum method [J. B. Bell, A. Garcia, and S. A. Williams, Multiscale Model. Simul., 6 (2008), pp. 1256–1280] is generalized to dense fluids and two- and three-dimensional flows. The scheme couples an explicit fluctuating compressible Navier–Stokes solver with the isotropic direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) particle method [A. Donev, A. L. Garcia, and B. J. Alder, J. Stat. Mech. Theory Exp., 2009 (2009), article P11008]. To achieve bidirectional dynamic coupling between the particle (microscale) and continuum (macroscale) regions, the continuum solver provides state-based boundary conditions to the particle subdomain, while the particle solver provides flux-based boundary …


Computational Fluctuating Fluid Dynamics, Alejandro Garcia, J. B. Bell, S. Williams Jan 2010

Computational Fluctuating Fluid Dynamics, Alejandro Garcia, J. B. Bell, S. Williams

Faculty Publications

This paper describes the extension of a recently developed numerical solver for the Landau-Lifshitz Navier-Stokes (LLNS) equations to binary mixtures in three dimensions. The LLNS equations incorporate thermal fluctuations into macroscopic hydrodynamics by using white-noise fluxes. These stochastic PDEs are more complicated in three dimensions due to the tensorial form of the correlations for the stochastic fluxes and in mixtures due to couplings of energy and concentration fluxes (e.g., Soret effect). We present various numerical tests of systems in and out of equilibrium, including time-dependent systems, and demonstrate good agreement with theoretical results and molecular simulation


The Globular Cluster System Of Ngc 1399. V. Dynamics Of The Cluster System Out To 80 Kpc, Y. Schuberth, T. Richtler, M. Hilker, B. Dirsch, L. Bassino, Aaron J. Romanowsky, L. Infante Jan 2010

The Globular Cluster System Of Ngc 1399. V. Dynamics Of The Cluster System Out To 80 Kpc, Y. Schuberth, T. Richtler, M. Hilker, B. Dirsch, L. Bassino, Aaron J. Romanowsky, L. Infante

Faculty Publications

Globular clusters (GCs) are tracers of the gravitational potential of their host galaxies. Moreover, their kinematic properties may provide clues for understanding the formation of GC systems and their host galaxies. We use the largest set of GC velocities obtained so far of any elliptical galaxy to revise and extend the previous investigations (Richtler et al. 2004) of the dynamics of NGC 1399, the central dominant galaxy of the nearby Fornax cluster of galaxies. The GC velocities are used to study the kinematics, their relation with population properties, and the dark matter halo of NGC 1399. We have obtained 477 …


Central Dark Matter Content Of Early-Type Galaxies: Scaling Relations And Connections With Star Formation Histories, N. R. Napolitano, Aaron J. Romanowsky, A. J. Tortora Jan 2010

Central Dark Matter Content Of Early-Type Galaxies: Scaling Relations And Connections With Star Formation Histories, N. R. Napolitano, Aaron J. Romanowsky, A. J. Tortora

Faculty Publications

We examine correlations between masses, sizes and star formation histories for a large sample of low-redshift early-type galaxies, using a simple suite of dynamical and stellar population models. We confirm an anticorrelation between the size and stellar age and go on to survey for trends with the central content of dark matter (DM). An average relation between the central DM density and galaxy size of 〈ρDM〉∝R−2eff provides the first clear indication of cuspy DM haloes in these galaxies – akin to standard Λ cold dark matter haloes that have undergone adiabatic contraction. The DM density scales with galaxy mass as …


Search For Gravitational-Wave Inspiral Signals Associated With Short Gamma-Ray Bursts During Ligo's Fifth And Virgo's First Science Run, J. Abadie, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. Accadia, F. Acernese, R. Adhikari, P. Ajith, B. Allen, G. Allen, E. Amador Ceron, R. S. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, F. Antonucci, S. Aoudia, M. A. Arain, M. Araya, K. G. Arun, Y. Aso, S. Aston, P. Astone, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, P. Baker, G. Ballardin, S. Ballmer, D. Barker, F. Barone, B. Barr, P. Barriga, Tiffany Z. Summerscales Jan 2010

Search For Gravitational-Wave Inspiral Signals Associated With Short Gamma-Ray Bursts During Ligo's Fifth And Virgo's First Science Run, J. Abadie, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. Accadia, F. Acernese, R. Adhikari, P. Ajith, B. Allen, G. Allen, E. Amador Ceron, R. S. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, F. Antonucci, S. Aoudia, M. A. Arain, M. Araya, K. G. Arun, Y. Aso, S. Aston, P. Astone, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, P. Baker, G. Ballardin, S. Ballmer, D. Barker, F. Barone, B. Barr, P. Barriga, Tiffany Z. Summerscales

Faculty Publications

Progenitor scenarios for short gamma-ray bursts (short GRBs) include coalescenses of two neutron stars or a neutron star and black hole, which would necessarily be accompanied by the emission of strong gravitational waves. We present a search for these known gravitational-wave signatures in temporal and directional coincidence with 22 GRBs that had sufficient gravitational-wave data available in multiple instruments during LIGO's fifth science run, S5, and Virgo's first science run, VSR1. We find no statistically significant gravitational-wave candidates within a [ - 5, + 1)s window around the trigger time of any GRB. Using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test, we find no …


Searches For Gravitational Waves From Known Pulsars With Science Run 5 Ligo Data, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, F. Acernese, R. Adhikari, P. Ajith, B. Allen, G. Allen, M. Alshourbagy, R. S. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, F. Antonucci, S. Aoudia, M. A. Arain, M. Araya, H. Armandula, P. Armor, K. G. Arun, Y. Aso, S. Aston, P. Astone, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, P. Baker, G. Ballardin, S. Ballmer, C. Barker, D. Barker, F. Barone, B. Barr, Tiffany Z. Summerscales Jan 2010

Searches For Gravitational Waves From Known Pulsars With Science Run 5 Ligo Data, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, F. Acernese, R. Adhikari, P. Ajith, B. Allen, G. Allen, M. Alshourbagy, R. S. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, F. Antonucci, S. Aoudia, M. A. Arain, M. Araya, H. Armandula, P. Armor, K. G. Arun, Y. Aso, S. Aston, P. Astone, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, P. Baker, G. Ballardin, S. Ballmer, C. Barker, D. Barker, F. Barone, B. Barr, Tiffany Z. Summerscales

Faculty Publications

We present a search for gravitational waves from 116 known millisecond and young pulsars using data from the fifth science run of the LIGO detectors. For this search, ephemerides overlapping the run period were obtained for all pulsars using radio and X-ray observations. We demonstrate an updated search method that allows for small uncertainties in the pulsar phase parameters to be included in the search. We report no signal detection from any of the targets and therefore interpret our results as upper limits on the gravitational wave signal strength. The most interesting limits are those for young pulsars. We present …