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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Tree-Based Unidirectional Neural Networks For Low-Power Computer Vision, Abhinav Goel, Caleb Tung, Nick Eliopoulos, Amy Wang, Jamie C. Davis, George K. Thiruvathukal, Yung-Hisang Lu
Tree-Based Unidirectional Neural Networks For Low-Power Computer Vision, Abhinav Goel, Caleb Tung, Nick Eliopoulos, Amy Wang, Jamie C. Davis, George K. Thiruvathukal, Yung-Hisang Lu
Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works
This article describes the novel Tree-based Unidirectional Neural Network (TRUNK) architecture. This architecture improves computer vision efficiency by using a hierarchy of multiple shallow Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), instead of a single very deep CNN. We demonstrate this architecture’s versatility in performing different computer vision tasks efficiently on embedded devices. Across various computer vision tasks, the TRUNK architecture consumes 65% less energy and requires 50% less memory than representative low-power CNN architectures, e.g., MobileNet v2, when deployed on the NVIDIA Jetson Nano.
Bottleneck Drift Fluctuation Analysis Of Discrete Remanufacturing System Under Disturbance, Yongzhang Zhou, Yan Wang, Zhicheng Ji
Bottleneck Drift Fluctuation Analysis Of Discrete Remanufacturing System Under Disturbance, Yongzhang Zhou, Yan Wang, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Considering comprehensively the influence of each production process on the bottleneck degree of discrete remanufacturing system, the interval bottleneck index matrix is established by collecting data repeatedly in the observation stage to obtain the comprehensive bottleneck index of equipment, which is used as the identification basis. Aiming at the volatility of bottleneck drift in the uncertain environment of discrete remanufacturing system, based on the interval bottleneck index matrix and comprehensive bottleneck index, a theoretical method of visual dynamic analysis including system sensitivity coefficient, machine sensitivity coefficient and bottleneck drift judgment model is established. The discrete event simulation case is …
Class Activation Mapping And Uncertainty Estimation In Multi-Organ Segmentation, Md. Shibly Sadique, Walia Farzana, Ahmed Temtam, Khan Iftekharuddin, Khan Iftekharuddin (Ed.), Weijie Chen (Ed.)
Class Activation Mapping And Uncertainty Estimation In Multi-Organ Segmentation, Md. Shibly Sadique, Walia Farzana, Ahmed Temtam, Khan Iftekharuddin, Khan Iftekharuddin (Ed.), Weijie Chen (Ed.)
Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications
Deep learning (DL)-based medical imaging and image segmentation algorithms achieve impressive performance on many benchmarks. Yet the efficacy of deep learning methods for future clinical applications may become questionable due to the lack of ability to reason with uncertainty and interpret probable areas of failures in prediction decisions. Therefore, it is desired that such a deep learning model for segmentation classification is able to reliably predict its confidence measure and map back to the original imaging cases to interpret the prediction decisions. In this work, uncertainty estimation for multiorgan segmentation task is evaluated to interpret the predictive modeling in DL …
Cross-Modal Food Retrieval: Learning A Joint Embedding Of Food Images And Recipes With Semantic Consistency And Attention Mechanism, Hao Wang, Doyen Sahoo, Chenghao Liu, Ke Shu, Palakorn Achananuparp, Ee-Peng Lim, Steven C. H. Hoi
Cross-Modal Food Retrieval: Learning A Joint Embedding Of Food Images And Recipes With Semantic Consistency And Attention Mechanism, Hao Wang, Doyen Sahoo, Chenghao Liu, Ke Shu, Palakorn Achananuparp, Ee-Peng Lim, Steven C. H. Hoi
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Food retrieval is an important task to perform analysis of food-related information, where we are interested in retrieving relevant information about the queried food item such as ingredients, cooking instructions, etc. In this paper, we investigate cross-modal retrieval between food images and cooking recipes. The goal is to learn an embedding of images and recipes in a common feature space, such that the corresponding image-recipe embeddings lie close to one another. Two major challenges in addressing this problem are 1) large intra-variance and small inter-variance across cross-modal food data; and 2) difficulties in obtaining discriminative recipe representations. To address these …
Visual Analysis Method Of Tobacco Quality Data Based On Dimension Reduction, Tian Dong, Guihua Shan, Xuebin Chi, Yanling Zhang, Weihua Feng, Jianwei Wang, Aiguo Wang, Wang Rui
Visual Analysis Method Of Tobacco Quality Data Based On Dimension Reduction, Tian Dong, Guihua Shan, Xuebin Chi, Yanling Zhang, Weihua Feng, Jianwei Wang, Aiguo Wang, Wang Rui
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to meet the requirements of tobacco leaf matching across regions in tobacco material selection, a visual analysis method of tobacco leaf quality data that incorporating dimension reduction and correlation analysis methods is developed. Through the dimension reduction algorithm, the comparison algorithm and the visual interaction method based on the classification of aroma area for tobacco leaf quality data, a visual analysis method for exploring space division and correlation analysis of tobacco leaf quality data is provided. National tobacco leaf quality data analysis cases and expert demonstrations show that the method can carry out the tobacco leaf quality …
Improving Collection Understanding For Web Archives With Storytelling: Shining Light Into Dark And Stormy Archives, Shawn M. Jones
Improving Collection Understanding For Web Archives With Storytelling: Shining Light Into Dark And Stormy Archives, Shawn M. Jones
Computer Science Theses & Dissertations
Collections are the tools that people use to make sense of an ever-increasing number of archived web pages. As collections themselves grow, we need tools to make sense of them. Tools that work on the general web, like search engines, are not a good fit for these collections because search engines do not currently represent multiple document versions well. Web archive collections are vast, some containing hundreds of thousands of documents. Thousands of collections exist, many of which cover the same topic. Few collections include standardized metadata. Too many documents from too many collections with insufficient metadata makes collection understanding …
Research On Time Performance Simulation And Analysis Technology Of Aviation Complex Embedded System, Lingsha Zheng, Jiang Bing, Zhe Zhao, Zhaoxu Yang
Research On Time Performance Simulation And Analysis Technology Of Aviation Complex Embedded System, Lingsha Zheng, Jiang Bing, Zhe Zhao, Zhaoxu Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: As a core member of an embedded system, the embedded computer's time performance plays a key role in the comprehensive performance of the system's functional performance. However, as the complexity of aviation products continues to increase, traditional system development methods are facing the challenge for verification. In order to improve the accuracy of time performance analysis for the complex embedded system, find the potential hazards in the design of scheduling early, and avoid the system comprehensive stage design iteration caused by the time system defects, the methodology of the construction of the model and the analysis method of the …
Counterfactual Zero-Shot And Open-Set Visual Recognition, Zhongqi Yue, Tan Wang, Qianru Sun, Xian-Sheng Hua, Hanwang Zhang
Counterfactual Zero-Shot And Open-Set Visual Recognition, Zhongqi Yue, Tan Wang, Qianru Sun, Xian-Sheng Hua, Hanwang Zhang
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
We present a novel counterfactual framework for both Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) and Open-Set Recognition (OSR), whose common challenge is generalizing to the unseen-classes by only training on the seen-classes. Our idea stems from the observation that the generated samples for unseen-classes are often out of the true distribution, which causes severe recognition rate imbalance between the seen-class (high) and unseen-class (low). We show that the key reason is that the generation is not Counterfactual Faithful, and thus we propose a faithful one, whose generation is from the sample-specific counterfactual question: What would the sample look like, if we set its …
Mixed Dish Recognition With Contextual Relation And Domain Alignment, Lixi Deng, Jingjing Chen, Chong-Wah Ngo, Qianru Sun, Sheng Tang, Yongdong Zhang, Tat-Seng Chua
Mixed Dish Recognition With Contextual Relation And Domain Alignment, Lixi Deng, Jingjing Chen, Chong-Wah Ngo, Qianru Sun, Sheng Tang, Yongdong Zhang, Tat-Seng Chua
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Mixed dish is a food category that contains different dishes mixed in one plate, and is popular in Eastern and Southeast Asia. Recognizing the individual dishes in a mixed dish image is important for health related applications, e.g. to calculate the nutrition values of the dish. However, most existing methods that focus on single dish classification are not applicable to the recognition of mixed dish images. The main challenge of mixed dish recognition comes from three aspects: a wide range of dish types, the complex dish combination with severe overlap between different dishes and the large visual variances of same …
Visualization Of Tropical Cyclone Disaster Information Based On Cesium, Shuoben Bi, Yezhou Chen, Yucheng Gong, Mingyue Lu, Ruizhuang Xu
Visualization Of Tropical Cyclone Disaster Information Based On Cesium, Shuoben Bi, Yezhou Chen, Yucheng Gong, Mingyue Lu, Ruizhuang Xu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The disaster information of tropical cyclones not only expresses the intensity, but also reflects the degree of influence on human life, which has very important research significance. At present, no scholar has given a dynamic visualization method based on Cesium for water flooding disasters, nor has it integrated with other disaster information of tropical cyclones. In response to these problems, a dynamic visualization method for water inundation is proposed, and it is integrated with other disaster information such as the path of tropical cyclone and loss caused by it in the same digital earth platform. Experiments show that the …
A Study Of Multi-Task And Region-Wise Deep Learning For Food Ingredient Recognition, Jingjing Chen, Bin Zhu, Chong-Wah Ngo, Tat-Seng Chua, Yu-Gang Jiang
A Study Of Multi-Task And Region-Wise Deep Learning For Food Ingredient Recognition, Jingjing Chen, Bin Zhu, Chong-Wah Ngo, Tat-Seng Chua, Yu-Gang Jiang
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Food recognition has captured numerous research attention for its importance for health-related applications. The existing approaches mostly focus on the categorization of food according to dish names, while ignoring the underlying ingredient composition. In reality, two dishes with the same name do not necessarily share the exact list of ingredients. Therefore, the dishes under the same food category are not mandatorily equal in nutrition content. Nevertheless, due to limited datasets available with ingredient labels, the problem of ingredient recognition is often overlooked. Furthermore, as the number of ingredients is expected to be much less than the number of food categories, …
Three-Dimensional Data Exploration Technology Based On Large-Scale Complex Geometrical Surfaces, Zhiwei Ai, Cao Yi, Xiao Li, Huawei Wang
Three-Dimensional Data Exploration Technology Based On Large-Scale Complex Geometrical Surfaces, Zhiwei Ai, Cao Yi, Xiao Li, Huawei Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Three-dimensional physical field data exploration visualization based on large scale complex geometric surface is of great value in three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation applications. Research was proposed which was suitable for massively parallel processing technology of three-dimensional data exploration. The concept of dual-data-source and data filtering policies was introduced based on contracts. Clipping algorithms based on spatial bounding box and data probing algorithm can support accurate three-dimensional data profiling for complex surface geometry. Research results have been applied to significant practical applications, such as the fuselage characteristics of electric field distribution analysis and high value targets within the seeker's accurate …
Design And Implementation Of Electromagnetic Spectrum Visualization System, Bin Fang, Ma Jie, Keyu Sun
Design And Implementation Of Electromagnetic Spectrum Visualization System, Bin Fang, Ma Jie, Keyu Sun
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Battlefield environment, filled with all kinds of devices with frequency electromagnetic signals, results in complex and rapidly changing electromagnetic environment. And the uncertainty brought by the complexity and the time variability not only makes it hard to predict the result of a war, but also leads to higher requirements for the current electromagnetic visualization platform serving for decision. To satisfy the visual needs for the electromagnetic spectrum data in the battlefield environment, the electromagnetic spectrum trend was designed in the perspective of temporal, spatial, frequency, and the energy domain. Four situations were proposed: equipment frequency radiation situation, spectrum …
Self Formation Development Mode With Vopes, Changming Fu, Chunsheng Long, Tang Hong
Self Formation Development Mode With Vopes, Changming Fu, Chunsheng Long, Tang Hong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To solve the growing conflict between requirements and applications in simulation/visualization, self-formation development mode was proposed: domain experts DIY by WYSWYG in a self-adapting process. VOPES (Visual Open platform for Engineering System) was briefly introduced: integrated architecture, system modeling tools, visualization tools, automatic generation, debugging, deploying, and runtime infrastructure. VOPES enables domain expert to produce distributed simulation/visualization application, no need of coding, complex program skill, hard rules like UML, HLA, DDS, etc. VOPES can be widely used in applications like mission simulation, equipment demonstration, virtual range, training, ITEM. It is especially suitable to the fast, agile, complex simulation/visualization application, …
New 2d Flow Visualization Method Based On Mutual Information And Image Fusion, Weihua Shen, Shengbo Wang, Zhigeng Pan
New 2d Flow Visualization Method Based On Mutual Information And Image Fusion, Weihua Shen, Shengbo Wang, Zhigeng Pan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A overview of flow visualization method based on information theory was made. After a comparative analysis of several classic two-dimensional flow visualization techniques, the concept of mutual information from information theory and image fusion technique was used to deal with the existing classical two-dimensional flow visualization techniques. A new two-dimensional flow visualization technique was obtained. The visualization results of the new method is very well.
3d Flight Simulation System Visualization And Study Of Google Earth, Junyu Wang, Bin Cheng, Chuan Wang, Ren Jian
3d Flight Simulation System Visualization And Study Of Google Earth, Junyu Wang, Bin Cheng, Chuan Wang, Ren Jian
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Through the secondary development of Google Earth, flight training simulation system for visualization of realization, the system used B/S structure, the client browser using Google Earth, all the development on the server side. Mathematical model of aircraft was constructed; 3D modeling software SketchUp was used to establish a realistic fighter jets, missiles, high and low speed flame and other 3D model; the established 3D models was imported into Google Earth; by Microsoft VC ++ 6.0, the secondary development on Digital Earth was achieved, and the control of aircraft and other 3D models was realized; Matlab was used to verify …
A Survey On Graph Representation And Visualization Techniques, Chen Yi, Menglu Zhang, Yuchai Wan
A Survey On Graph Representation And Visualization Techniques, Chen Yi, Menglu Zhang, Yuchai Wan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A graph consists of nodes and edges, and represents the relationship between two or more entities. Graph-based analysis can help understand the structure and nature of the entity relationships and reveal the implicit relationships in graphs. The representation and visualization methods of graphs play an important role in the graph analysis. In graph visualization research, the accuracy of knowledge transfer and people's mental map, etc. should be considered first, then the graphs beauty, the time requirement, and the computer performance. The graph representation methods, graph layout algorithms, visualization methods based on node-link-graphs, adjacency matrices, and graph embedding are reviewed, …
Modeling And Visualization On Scalar Fields Of Meteorological Data, Shuoben Bi, Yucheng Gong, Mingyue Lu, Zhou Hao, Yuanxiang Mao
Modeling And Visualization On Scalar Fields Of Meteorological Data, Shuoben Bi, Yucheng Gong, Mingyue Lu, Zhou Hao, Yuanxiang Mao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: There are still many deficiencies in efficiency, interactivity, and accuracy in the visualization of meteorological scalar fields. Aiming at these problems, a display method based on multi-level volume rendering technology is proposed, which processes the spatial field data to form a three-dimensional space grid. Through the dynamic mapping between the scalar values and the color values and transparency, the three-dimensional dynamic visualization effect of the meteorological scalar data is realized. Aiming at the interpolation method for the traditional MC (Marching Cubes) algorithm being not applicable to the meteorological data, and the connection method having ambiguity problem, the improvement method …
Research Of Visualization Of Road Guide Sign Panel Based On Combination Of Guiding Information, Zhongming Niu, Huang Min, Yuan Yuan, Li Min
Research Of Visualization Of Road Guide Sign Panel Based On Combination Of Guiding Information, Zhongming Niu, Huang Min, Yuan Yuan, Li Min
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to realize the intelligent management of road guide signs, a method of visualization of road guide sign panel based on the flexible combination of guiding information was proposed. As a consequence of analysis for structures of guide sign panel, the message on the guide sign panel was decomposed into guiding information, and then visualization function was proposed. The panel style was determined by the physical and logical topology of guiding intersection dynamically with the help of guide sign system database. Then the composition of geography information and guiding information was utilized in the process of visualization …
Monitoring Information Visualization For High-Filling Loess Project, Liping Zheng, Chen Wei, Ting Liao, Lu Chang
Monitoring Information Visualization For High-Filling Loess Project, Liping Zheng, Chen Wei, Ting Liao, Lu Chang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The construction of high-filled loess project facessome engineering and technical challenges,such as large and complex earth excavation and earth backfilling operations. According to this situation, this paper presents a dynamic visualization methods for high-filled project based on 3D GIS. By establishing the model of high-filled loess, comparative analysis and visual analysis, dynamic simulation of high-filled loess project, visualization and analysis of Dig-Fill process and monitoring information arerealized. The results show that this visualization method can directly and accurately display the construction process, help decision makers master construction information and process.
Analysis Of Gameplay Strategies In Hearthstone: A Data Science Approach, Connor W. Watson
Analysis Of Gameplay Strategies In Hearthstone: A Data Science Approach, Connor W. Watson
Theses
In recent years, games have been a popular test bed for AI research, and the presence of Collectible Card Games (CCGs) in that space is still increasing. One such CCG for both competitive/casual play and AI research is Hearthstone, a two-player adversarial game where players seeks to implement one of several gameplay strategies to defeat their opponent and decrease all of their Health points to zero. Although some open source simulators exist, some of their methodologies for simulated agents create opponents with a relatively low skill level. Using evolutionary algorithms, this thesis seeks to evolve agents with a higher skill …
Predicting Students’ Performance By Learning Analytics, Sandeep Subhash Madnaik
Predicting Students’ Performance By Learning Analytics, Sandeep Subhash Madnaik
Master's Projects
The field of Learning Analytics (LA) has many applications in today’s technology and online driven education. Learning Analytics is a multidisciplinary topic for learn- ing purposes that uses machine learning, statistic, and visualization techniques [1]. We can harness academic performance data of various components in a course, along with the data background of each student (learner), and other features that might affect his/her academic performance. This collected data then can be fed to a sys- tem with the task to predict the final academic performance of the student, e.g., the final grade. Moreover, it allows students to monitor and self-assess …
Visualization Of Tropical Cyclones Based On Digital Earth, Shuoben Bi, Yucheng Gong, Mingyue Lu, Zhou Hao, Tang Zhi
Visualization Of Tropical Cyclones Based On Digital Earth, Shuoben Bi, Yucheng Gong, Mingyue Lu, Zhou Hao, Tang Zhi
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Tropical cyclones are often accompanied by heavy rains, storm surges and so on, which have serious impact on the southeast coast of China. Visualization of tropical cyclones can directly demonstrate its motion state, occurrence process and internal structure, and support the research and prediction on it. This paper builds digital earth platform based on Cesium(an open source library),introduces the system architecture, verificates the applicability of point cloud method to the visualization of cloud field data, proposes an improved wind field visualization method based on particle tracking, with includes the calculation of wind field particle properties, the drawing of wind …
Visual Simulation Of Dynamic Burning Scene Of Single Plant, Weilong Ding, Linfeng Luo, Zheng Lei, Fuli Wu, Lifeng Xu
Visual Simulation Of Dynamic Burning Scene Of Single Plant, Weilong Ding, Linfeng Luo, Zheng Lei, Fuli Wu, Lifeng Xu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: At present, the research of the interactive process between plants and the flame mainly focuses on the visual simulation of forest fire scenario, but it is lack of the study on description of the interaction of individual plants and flame in detail. Aiming at this issue, this paper proposed a visual solution to model the process of a single plant burning. We established a plant model based on the branch node relationship and used particle system to model the flame. We set up a distance temperature field around a flame by using bounding sphere, and used a collision …
Ezlog: Data Visualization For Logistics, Aldy Gunawan, Benjamin Gan, Jin An Tan, Sheena L.S.L Villanueva, Timothy K.J. Wen
Ezlog: Data Visualization For Logistics, Aldy Gunawan, Benjamin Gan, Jin An Tan, Sheena L.S.L Villanueva, Timothy K.J. Wen
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
With the increasing availabilityof data in the logistics industry due to the digitalization trend, interest andopportunities for leveraging analytics in supply chain management to makedata-driven decisions is growing rapidly. In this paper, we introduce EzLog, anintegrated visualization prototype platform for supply chain analytics. Thisweb-based platform built by two undergraduate student teams for their capstonecourse can be used for data wrangling and rapid analysis of data from differentbusiness units of a major logistics company. Other functionalities of thesystem include standard processes to perform data analysis such as supervisedextraction, transformation, loading (ETL), data type validation and mapping.Weather, real-time stock market and Twitter …
Method Of Visualsimulation Of Rice Leaf Color, Hongyun Yang, Aizhen Sun, Wenji Yang, Huojiao He
Method Of Visualsimulation Of Rice Leaf Color, Hongyun Yang, Aizhen Sun, Wenji Yang, Huojiao He
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A color rendering method for rice leaves based on SPAD data distribution image was presented. Rice leaf image was collected and SPAD value was measured by field rice sample test. The relationship model between SPAD values and RGB value of leaf image was analyzed and constructed, and the R2 was 0.932 8, 0.833 1, 0.562 3 respectively. This showed that there was a correlation between SPAD and the red and green color of the leaf image. By the SPAD data distribution image, the spatial distribution of SPAD value on the leaf surface is described. The leaf surface color …
Complex Network Modeling And Visualization Analysis For Ocean Observation Data, Sun Xin, Zhenhua Li, Junyu Dong, Xinyan Luo, Yuting Yang
Complex Network Modeling And Visualization Analysis For Ocean Observation Data, Sun Xin, Zhenhua Li, Junyu Dong, Xinyan Luo, Yuting Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Ocean data analysis is one of the important foundations in marine science research. Analysis on the sea surface temperature based on complex network theory helps explore the marine dynamics in a new perspective. The ocean is divided into grids, and the annual average of the sea surface temperature is calculated to reflect the properties of the corresponding grid area. The mutual information and the Pearson correlation coefficient are used to measure the similarity between different areas. The nonlinear and linear complex network models which reflect the station of the global marine climate can be built. Finally some popular measures …
Visualized Parameter-Tuned Algorithm For Control Loading System, Xie Chen, Shuchu Zhang, Zhenyu Sun
Visualized Parameter-Tuned Algorithm For Control Loading System, Xie Chen, Shuchu Zhang, Zhenyu Sun
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To improve the fidelity of flight simulators, a control loading system is introduced in this paper which has the most direct effect on the pilot's intuitive perception. The overall design, hardware construction and digital simulation results of the system are given. In the process of system realization, the visual displacement-force loading configuration scheme is adopted to solve such problems as requirement changes or parameter excursions in hardware. The algorithm of output waveform curve adjustment based on cubic spline interpolation is proposed and the parameters are adjusted according to demand through graphical operation interface by maintenance personnel. The traditional method …
Research On Virtual Reality Simulation System For Crew Cabin Of Special Vehicle, Yufei Jia, Xinjun Zhao, Junyan Zhao, Lingjie Kong, Kelei Huang
Research On Virtual Reality Simulation System For Crew Cabin Of Special Vehicle, Yufei Jia, Xinjun Zhao, Junyan Zhao, Lingjie Kong, Kelei Huang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: As a kind of new design method, virtual reality has been widely used in military, industrial, construction, medical, aerospace and other fields. A method for designing and demonstrating the crew cabin of special vehicle by visualized virtual reality simulation technology is introduced in this paper, which takes the design and demonstration of crew cabin of special vehicle in the future as example. The overall framework has been formatted through the design of system function and the detailed division of module. On the basis of the design for each functional software of the system, the functional modules are effectively supported …
Multi-Scale Representation Of Battlefield Situation, Yafeng Huang, Xudong Li, Hangfeng Zhang
Multi-Scale Representation Of Battlefield Situation, Yafeng Huang, Xudong Li, Hangfeng Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: This paper studies the multi-scale representation of battlefield situation at the conceptual level in different aspects, such as the concept of situation scale, scale transformation and typical styles of multi-scale representation. The scale of battlefield situation as the Cartesian product of two sets is defined, in which the first set contains space, time, and semantics; the other set contains breadth, granularity, and ratio. The scale transformation is classified into two types: scale downward and scale upward. The scale transformation is decomposed into three basic operations, i.e. breadth transformation, transformation and visualization derivation. The study points out that FIOP, LOD …