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Articles 1 - 30 of 182
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Stm Investigation Of Oxygen Reduction Reaction On Solid Interface In Fuel Cell, Zhen-Feng Cai, Bing Sun, Wen-Jie Jiang, Ting Chen, Dong Wang, Li-Jun Wan
Stm Investigation Of Oxygen Reduction Reaction On Solid Interface In Fuel Cell, Zhen-Feng Cai, Bing Sun, Wen-Jie Jiang, Ting Chen, Dong Wang, Li-Jun Wan
Journal of Electrochemistry
An electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an important component for fuel cells. An investigation at interfacial electrochemical reactions toward ORR at a molecular scale benefits mechanistic understanding as well as rational design of catalysts. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been proven to be a powerful tool to monitor chemical reactions and to provide in-situ information about the interfacial electrochemical reactions at a molecular level. This review summarizes the recent STM studies in monitoring the interface processes such as morphological changes, molecular changes, reaction intermediates, and oxidation products. The prospects of future development in this field are outlined.
An Stm Study On The Structure Of Pt(100)/Ionic Liquid Omipf6 Interface, Jin Peng, Mian-Gang Li, Li-Qiang Xie, Jia-Wei Yan, Bing-Wei Mao
An Stm Study On The Structure Of Pt(100)/Ionic Liquid Omipf6 Interface, Jin Peng, Mian-Gang Li, Li-Qiang Xie, Jia-Wei Yan, Bing-Wei Mao
Journal of Electrochemistry
Potential-dependent structures of Pt(100)/ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (OMIPF6) interface have been studied by electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM). The cation OMI+ forms ordered structure on Pt(100) surface, which exists in a potential region of about 1.2 V. When the potential is more negative than -0.6 V, it can be seen that the ordered structure transforms to disordered structure. When the potential shifts positively to +0.6 V, the desorption of cations OMI+ occurs, which indicates that strong electrostatic repulsion is needed to overcome chemical interaction between OMIPF6 and Pt(100) surface, leading to the desorption. The above results …
Synthesis Of Ultrathin Co3O4 Nanoflakes Film Material For Electrochemical Sensing, Hui-Juan Wang
Synthesis Of Ultrathin Co3O4 Nanoflakes Film Material For Electrochemical Sensing, Hui-Juan Wang
Journal of Electrochemistry
Ultrathin cobalt oxide (Co3O4 ) nanoflakes film material was synthesized by using an electro-deposited cobalt layer as a raw material through a simple oxidation method and followed by a heat treatment at 350 oC. The physical characterizations of the Co3O4 nanoflakes film were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technologies, and the electrochemical activity was measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV). As a promising material for electrochemical sensing, the as-synthesized ultrathin Co3O4 nanoflakes film material exhibited excellent electrochemical activity for H2O …
Polyol Induced Partitioning Of Essential Oils In Aqueous Organic Solvent Mixtures, Thomas Delmastro
Polyol Induced Partitioning Of Essential Oils In Aqueous Organic Solvent Mixtures, Thomas Delmastro
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
Polyol Induced Extraction (PIE) was developed and patented at Seton Hall University by Drs. John R. Sowa Jr., Wyatt R. Murphy, and Mithilesh Deshpande. It was originally discovered and implemented as a method to recycle and reuse waste acetonitrile during the production shortage in 2008. Through the use of PIE, a solvent mixture containing acetonitrile and water can be separated by employing a polyol mass separating agent, which induces a phase separation. The system is separated into its corresponding aqueous and organic phases, with the organic phase being a highly purified organic liquid. Based on the successful experimental results that …
A Grand Unified Model For Liganded Gold Clusters, Wen Wu Xu, Beien Zhu, Xiao Cheng Zeng, Yi Gao
A Grand Unified Model For Liganded Gold Clusters, Wen Wu Xu, Beien Zhu, Xiao Cheng Zeng, Yi Gao
Xiao Cheng Zeng Publications
A grand unified model (GUM) is developed to achieve fundamental understanding of rich structures of all 71 liganded gold clusters reported to date. Inspired by the quark model by which composite particles (for example, protons and neutrons) are formed by combining three quarks (or flavours), here gold atoms are assigned three ‘flavours’ (namely, bottom, middle and top) to represent three possible valence states. The ‘composite particles’ in GUM are categorized into two groups: variants of triangular elementary block Au3(2e) and tetrahedral elementary block Au4(2e), all satisfying the duet rule (2e) of the valence shell, akin to …
Ambient Ionization - Mass Spectrometry: Advances Toward Intrasurgical Cancer Detection, Alan Keith Jarmusch
Ambient Ionization - Mass Spectrometry: Advances Toward Intrasurgical Cancer Detection, Alan Keith Jarmusch
Open Access Dissertations
My dissertation research has focused on the development of ambient ionization – mass spectrometry (MS) for clinical measurements, specifically intrasurgical cancer detection. The molecular differences between normal and cancerous tissue were detected via direct tissue analysis in vitro by touch spray ionization (TS) or by analyzing sectioned or smeared tissue using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). The physical form of the tissue, e.g. in vitro sampling, sectioned, or smeared, was inconsequential in differentiating normal from cancerous tissue; however, the spectra acquired by TS and DESI differed due to differences in ionization processes. We envision that TS-MS and DESI-MS could impact diagnostic …
Preparative Mass Spectrometry Applications In Nanomaterials And Organic Synthesis, Michael Wleklinski
Preparative Mass Spectrometry Applications In Nanomaterials And Organic Synthesis, Michael Wleklinski
Open Access Dissertations
Preparative mass spectrometry was traditionally a vacuum based experiment where mass selected ion beams were deposited onto surfaces; however, recently ions have been manipulated in the open air to perform accelerated synthesis. The work of this dissertation focuses on the generation of charged ions from microdroplets and their use in organic synthesis and the preparation of atomically precise metal nanoclusters. First the mechanism for charging in the zero volt paper spray will be presented. This works builds a computational model based on the statistical fluctuation of positive and negative charges based on the theory of Dodd. It is found through …
Synthesis And Performance Of Novel Supramolecular Tools For Single-Particle Cryogenic Electron Microscopy And Drug And Gene Delivery, Kyle J. Wright
Synthesis And Performance Of Novel Supramolecular Tools For Single-Particle Cryogenic Electron Microscopy And Drug And Gene Delivery, Kyle J. Wright
Open Access Dissertations
High-resolution biomacromolecular structure elucidation is fundamentally important to structure-based drug design and basic research into complex biochemical processes. Cryo-EM is an emerging alternative to XRD and NMR that is complementary in many ways relative to XRD and NMR. Materials approaches to cryo-EM are anticipated to greatly facilitate the cryo-EM process, allowing progress toward a more high-throughput application of cryo-EM to address challenges in structural biology. ^ Various affinity-based approaches inspired by approaches previously introduced for 2D crystallization were developed for facilitation of cryo-EM. A library of affinity lipopolymer constructs were synthesized consisting of lipopolymers of various PEG molecular weights conjugated …
In-Column Polymer Modifications: Advancing Polymer Bonded Phases, Alexis G. Huckabee
In-Column Polymer Modifications: Advancing Polymer Bonded Phases, Alexis G. Huckabee
Open Access Dissertations
Glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification affecting protein activities, including delivery to cell surface, binding affinity, and mediating different physiological effects. Separations of glycoproteins and their glycoforms are essential for drug discovery and development, identification of potential disease biomarkers and quality control. The efficiency of glycoprotein separations is limited by the bonded phases, requiring advances in chromatographic materials. Such advances would improve resolution, allowing for more species to be isolated from a mixture and studied.
Our group found that submicrometer nonporous silica stationary phases with tethered polymer chains (acrylamide) give excellent hydrophilic liquid chromatography (HILIC), a common method used …
Development Of An F-Element Separation Chemistry Using Solid Electrolytes, Kristian Guy Myhre
Development Of An F-Element Separation Chemistry Using Solid Electrolytes, Kristian Guy Myhre
Doctoral Dissertations
The f‒elements (lanthanides and actinides) have numerous applications and are critically important to many industries, including the energy, security, and medical industries. One of the barriers to increased use and availability of the f‒elements is the difficulty in separating them from each other due to their similar chemistries. This is especially true of the trivalent f‒elements (lanthanides and minor actinides). The development of separation techniques that maximize the differences in the physicochemical properties of the f‒elements is therefore an important area of research. For these reasons, an effort was undertaken to explore the use of solid …
Environmental Emission Of Pharmaceuticals From Wastewater Treatment Plants In The Usa, Bikram Subedi, Bommanna G. Loganathan
Environmental Emission Of Pharmaceuticals From Wastewater Treatment Plants In The Usa, Bikram Subedi, Bommanna G. Loganathan
Faculty & Staff Research and Creative Activity
The residual drugs, drug bioconjugates, and their metabolites, mostly from human and veterinary usage, are routinely flushed down the drain, and enter wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Increasing population, excessive use of allopathic medicine, continual introduction of novel drugs, and existing inefficient wastewater treatment processes result in the discharge of large volumes of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites from the WWTPs into the environment. The effluent from the WWTPs globally contaminate ~25% of rivers and the lakes. Pharmaceuticals in the environment, as contaminants of emerging concerns, behave as pseudo-persistent despite their relatively short environmental half-lives in the environment. Therefore, residual levels of …
Direct Attachment Of 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Polymers And Capture Agents To Flat Sheet And Microdialysis Membranes For Improved Mass Transport, Sarah Jane Phillips
Direct Attachment Of 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Polymers And Capture Agents To Flat Sheet And Microdialysis Membranes For Improved Mass Transport, Sarah Jane Phillips
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Microdialysis (MD) sampling is a diffusion-based separation method which has the ability to sample any analyte that can diffuse across the semi-permeable membrane. However one challenge for MD is that for soluble proteins greater than 10 kDa, the relative recovery (RR) using a 100 kDa MD probe is between 1-5%.1 There are two major barriers that lead to these low recovery values - nonspecific adsorption (NSA) and poor solute mass transport. To overcome these two barriers, the modification of PES-based MD membranes has been initiated by laccase. Previous researchers have used laccase to modify PES flat sheet and hollow fiber …
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Study Of Semiconductor Nanoparticles Towards Sensitive Detection Of Biomolecules, Yiliyasi Wusimanjiang
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Study Of Semiconductor Nanoparticles Towards Sensitive Detection Of Biomolecules, Yiliyasi Wusimanjiang
Dissertations
The main focus of this dissertation is to unfold the fundamental aspects of electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) generation from semiconductor nanoparticles (also known as quantum dots or QDs) within different ECL systems. The ECL and photo-physical interactions between the CdTe QDs (λemission= ~760 nm) and the CdSe QDs (λemission= ~550 nm), as well as the effects of carbon nanotubes on ECL of QDs were separately investigated. Optimum experimental conditions for peptide bond formation on an electrode surface through EDC (1-ethyl-3-(-3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride)/NHS (N-Hydroxysulfosuccinimide) coupling were also revealed using cyclic voltammetry technique. Based on the information …
Interference Effects Of Urban Rubble On The Radioanalytical Analysis Of Strontium, Derek Roger Mclain
Interference Effects Of Urban Rubble On The Radioanalytical Analysis Of Strontium, Derek Roger Mclain
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Most current radioanalytical protocols have been developed for the analysis of air, water, soil and bioassay samples. While these protocols build the foundation of operational environmental monitoring, they are not necessarily suitable for the analysis of samples that will be encountered in the aftermath of a nuclear incident. In such a situation, it will be important to characterize the isotopes of interest present in the affected area to obtain signatures for nuclear forensics and ensure the appropriate response. Specifically, this research is aimed at the determination of strontium-90 and its separation from zirconium-90 in a post-detonation situation.
Strontium-90’s relatively long …
Graphene Quantum Dots Electrochemistry And Development Of Sensitive Electrochemical Biosensor [Hybrid Poster 1-B], Tyler Smith, Alexander Banaszak
Graphene Quantum Dots Electrochemistry And Development Of Sensitive Electrochemical Biosensor [Hybrid Poster 1-B], Tyler Smith, Alexander Banaszak
Posters-at-the-Capitol
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are zero-dimensional material derived from graphene derivatives with characteristics from the structure of graphene with quantum confinement and edge effects possessing unique properties. Intense research activity in GQDs is attributed to their novel physical-chemical phenomena arising from the sp2-bonded carbon core surrounded with edge functional moieties. In this work, GQDs of optimal 5-7 nm size are investigated for their fundamental electrochemical properties and use in electrochemical sensing including enzyme-based glucose biosensor. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized on GQDs modified glassy carbon (GC) and the UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, electron microscopy, cyclic …
Hydrolytic And Nonhydrolytic Sol-Gel Zirconia-, Titania-, And Niobia-Based Capillary Microextraction Coatings For The Preconcentration And Hplc Analysis Of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters And Phosphorylated Peptides, Abdullah Awadh Alhendal
Hydrolytic And Nonhydrolytic Sol-Gel Zirconia-, Titania-, And Niobia-Based Capillary Microextraction Coatings For The Preconcentration And Hplc Analysis Of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters And Phosphorylated Peptides, Abdullah Awadh Alhendal
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Sample preparation is the most error-prone step in chemical analysis. A great deal of efforts has been made to develop efficient techniques and protocols for sample preparation to accomplish important goals such as miniaturization and implementation of green analytical methodologies. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has successfully eliminated the use of hazardous organic solvents in extraction sampling, sample preparation, preconcentration and sample introduction to the analytical instrument in an effective manner. Ensuring thermal- and solvent-instability of traditional SPME extraction phases represented one of their main drawbacks. This was solved by the introduction of sol-gel SPME phases characterized by enhanced thermal-, solvent-, and …
Going Beyond The Analysis Of Common Contaminants: Target, Suspect, And Non-Target Analysis Of Complex Environmental Matrices By High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Anna Katarina Huba
Going Beyond The Analysis Of Common Contaminants: Target, Suspect, And Non-Target Analysis Of Complex Environmental Matrices By High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Anna Katarina Huba
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The advancements in the field of analytical chemistry, and especially mass spectrometry, have been redefining the field of contaminant detection. While more traditional analysis was sufficient to screen for a small number of well-known compounds, new techniques such as high-resolution mass spectrometry, have enabled a fairly comprehensive screening for previously unknown contaminants. This is enormously beneficial with respect to the analysis of water, air, or soil quality in a society that continuously introduces novel anthropogenic compounds into the environment. This dissertation, thus, focused on the analysis of the uncharacterized portion of compounds in two types of complex environmental matrices (i.e., …
Carbon Nanotube- And Gold Nanoparticle-Based Materials For Electrochemical And Colorimetric Sensing Applications, Janak Paudyal 9255967
Carbon Nanotube- And Gold Nanoparticle-Based Materials For Electrochemical And Colorimetric Sensing Applications, Janak Paudyal 9255967
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used for sensing applications due to their distinctive electrical and optical properties, and we have explored the development of methods that enable the incorporation of these nanomaterials into new and improved sensing devices.
As a means for fabricating simple, low-cost and fast detection platforms for various applications, we have developed paper-based electrochemical detection platforms based on CNTs or platinum nanoparticle (PtNP)-CNT composite materials. We describe the use of a paper-based, low density, a three-dimensional thin film of interconnected CNTs as an electrode material. We studied the electrochemical properties of these paper-based …
Mercury Sulfide Dissolution In Environmental Conditions: Thermodynamic And Kinetic Approaches, Ping Jiang
Mercury Sulfide Dissolution In Environmental Conditions: Thermodynamic And Kinetic Approaches, Ping Jiang
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mercury (Hg) is a global contaminant of ecosystems and human health risk, with complicated biogeochemical processes. Mercury sulfide (HgS) dissolution has been suggested as a key process in Hg cycling, as it could potentially increase the pool of inorganic Hg (iHg) for the production of methylmercury (MeHg). Despite previous sporadic observations of enhanced HgS dissolution under certain conditions, much remains unclear on mechanisms of HgS dissolution. The objective of my research was to advance the mechanistic understanding of HgS dissolution, concerning re-adsorption of released Hg, effects of thiol-ligands, and Hg speciation.
Considering the lack of feasible techniques to differentiate dissolution …
Development Of Filter-Based Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Assays For Rapid Detection Of Chemical And Biological Contaminants In Water, Siyue Gao
Masters Theses
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been widely applied for rapid and sensitive detection of various chemical and biological targets. Here, we incorporated a syringe filter system into the SERS method to detect pesticides, protein toxins and bacteria in water. For the detection of chemical and protein targets, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were aggregated by sodium chloride (NaCl) to form nanoclusters that could be trapped in the pores of the filter membrane to from the SERS-active membrane. Then a coating of capture (e.g. aptamer) was integrated on the nanoparticle substrate if needed. Then samples were filtered through the membrane. After …
P-26 Detection Of Counterfeit Antimalarial Drugs By Sers, Getahun Merga, P. Shepard, M. Trujillo, J. Camden
P-26 Detection Of Counterfeit Antimalarial Drugs By Sers, Getahun Merga, P. Shepard, M. Trujillo, J. Camden
Celebration of Research and Creative Scholarship
Substandard antimalarial drugs are a major problem to the health of citizens in developing countries, and it is likely that the problem persists due to the lack of means to detect substandard drugs. Various colorimetric techniques have been implemented to determine if a drug contains the stated active ingredient or not, but vibrational spectroscopies such as NIR and Raman can be used to more reliably quantify the amount of active ingredient. The use of Raman, however, has been limited by the presence of significant sample fluorescence that interferes with detection of the SERS signals of the active ingredients. Thus, we …
The Optimization Of Pressure Cycling Technology (Pct) For Differential Extraction Of Sexual Assault Casework, Vanessa Martinez
The Optimization Of Pressure Cycling Technology (Pct) For Differential Extraction Of Sexual Assault Casework, Vanessa Martinez
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A two-step protocol has been devised as a rapid and selective alternative to conventional differential extraction techniques with an increased recovery of DNA. The protocol involves pressure cycling with the Barocycler® NEP 2320 from Pressure Biosciences. Inc. in alkaline conditions for epithelial cell lysis and removal. This step is followed by alkaline lysis at 95º C for extraction of sperm cell DNA. At 1:1 or 2:1 female to male cell ratios, high selectivity and complete separation can be achieved. But at higher ratios, male allelic dropout is observed. This protocol has been modified to generate a clean male …
Carotenoids And Fatty Acids In Early Lactation: A Study Of A Peruvian Population, Vanesa Mendez
Carotenoids And Fatty Acids In Early Lactation: A Study Of A Peruvian Population, Vanesa Mendez
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Lipid soluble carotenoids are micronutrients present in human milk that serve as precursors of vitamin A and also play an important role protecting cells from damage arising from photooxidative processes and reactive oxygen species. Fatty acids comprise about 3-5% of human milk and are mainly present as triglycerides. They are a major energy source for the infant and are necessary to support cell growth required for normal development and maturation of critical organs. Transport of carotenoids into milk has been little studied and there has been no previous investigation of the relationship of carotenoid transport with that of individual fatty …
The Study Of Dynamical Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy For Oxygen Reduction Reaction On Pt/C Catalyst, Kun-Ming Shi, Jian-Wei Guo, Jia Wang
The Study Of Dynamical Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy For Oxygen Reduction Reaction On Pt/C Catalyst, Kun-Ming Shi, Jian-Wei Guo, Jia Wang
Journal of Electrochemistry
With joint techniques of rotating disc electrode(RDE) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), and further establishment on equivalent circuit model, this paper studied oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) on commercial Pt/C catalyst in acid medium. Our results found that the dynamical interface on Pt/C consists of two independent processes: 1) the PtO reduction from Pt surface, 2) the new PtO formation from ORR, thus providing key clues for catalyst stability and activity. This also implied that the dynamical interface facilitates reconstruction for porous electrode, and matches with mass transfer. One important issue is discovered that at high overpotential, the high reaction rate for ORR …
Qualitative Analysis For The Characterization And Discrimination Of Printing Inks, Rhett J. Williamson
Qualitative Analysis For The Characterization And Discrimination Of Printing Inks, Rhett J. Williamson
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Improvements in printing technology and the wide accessibility of advanced printers has resulted in an increase in counterfeiting. Of particular interest to forensic document examiners, ink analysis of security documents has emerged as an important tool for the analysis, comparison, and association of inks to a potential production source. In this study, methods were developed for Py-GC/MS, ATR-FTIR, DART-MS, and MALDI-MS analyses of printing inks of four classes: 78 inkjet inks, 76 toners, 79 offset inks, and 86 intaglio inks in order to generate information on the organic chemical characterization of the inks to determine the ability to associate and …
Quantitative Analysis Of Acetylsalicylic Acid By Q-Nmr (Quantitative-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy), Charles Flemming Jr.
Quantitative Analysis Of Acetylsalicylic Acid By Q-Nmr (Quantitative-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy), Charles Flemming Jr.
All Student Theses
Quantitative analysis is an important step during pharmaceutical drug development. Currently, the pharmaceutical industry uses high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for quantitative analysis of organic compounds as the preferred technique. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique has an inherent ability to quantify a given analyte and may be used to quantify organic compounds. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (q-NMR) of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was conducted using tert-butyl alcohol (tert-butanol) as the internal standard and deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) as the solvent. Preparations of ASA solutions in low and high concentration ranges, 1.0 mM – 10.1 …
The Investigation Of The Electrical Control Of Hemimicelles And Admicelles On Gold For Analyte Preconcentration, Dheyaa Hussein Al-Karawi
The Investigation Of The Electrical Control Of Hemimicelles And Admicelles On Gold For Analyte Preconcentration, Dheyaa Hussein Al-Karawi
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Hemimicelles and admicelles are well-investigated wonders in modern science; they are surfactant monolayers and surface adsorbed micelles, respectively. Capacitance measurements for monitoring the formation of dodecyl sulfate (DS) surfactant monolayer on positively charged gold substrates (planar gold) and the adsorbance of 2-naphthol onto DS surfactant monolayer were performed. The investigation of the electrical control of DS at various concentrations (4, 6, 16, and 32 mM) below and above the critical micelle concentration (CMC= 8 mM) on gold surfaces for analyte preconcentration, prior to chromatographic analysis, is presented. Charged ionic surfactants, such as DS, drawn to a surface of opposite charge …
Specific Binding Affinity Of The Non-Catalytic Domain Of Eukaryotic Like Type Ib Topoisomerase Of Vaccinia Virus, Benjamin R. Reed
Specific Binding Affinity Of The Non-Catalytic Domain Of Eukaryotic Like Type Ib Topoisomerase Of Vaccinia Virus, Benjamin R. Reed
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Topoisomerases are ubiquitous proteins that alter supercoiling in double stranded DNA (dsDNA) during transcription and replication and. vaccinia and the closely related poxvirus variola virus, at 314 amino acids in length, encode the smallest of the type I topoisomerases(TopIB). TopIB is a two domain protein that recognizes the sequence 5’-T/CCCTT, cleaves at the 3’-end and relaxes supercoiling through rotation. The C-terminal domain (CTD) alone contains the catalytic activity and specificity. Deletion of the N-terminal domain results in a greatly reduced rate of relaxation and rapid dissociation. Biochemical data suggests that the N-terminal domain (NTD) is important for pre-cleavage binding and …
Metabolic Profiling Of Genetically Modified Potato Periderm Tissues, Liqing Jin
Metabolic Profiling Of Genetically Modified Potato Periderm Tissues, Liqing Jin
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Potato tubers are protected from dehydration and pathogens by a covering peel (periderm) impregnated with suberin, a complex cross-linked biopolymer that contains both polyaliphatic and lignin-like aromatic domains. Current models describing the macromolecular structure of suberin assume that ferulic acid cross-links both domains as it may form carboxyl ester bonds with aliphatic monomers and non-ester radical-coupled bonds with phenolics. Ferulic acid also links by ester bonds to glycans and acts in cross-linking polysaccharides and lignin. Fatty alcohol/ω-hydroxyacid hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (FHT) is a BADH acyltransferase responsible for the synthesis of akyl-ferulates that is necessary for suberin biosynthesis. Periderm from FHT-RNAi …
Metabolic Profiling And Polymer Formation Of Gene Silenced Potato Periderms, Qing Cai
Metabolic Profiling And Polymer Formation Of Gene Silenced Potato Periderms, Qing Cai
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Suberin is a biopolyester constituent of specialized plant periderm tissues formed within the phellem cell walls. Suberin and waxes of the periderm layer act to prevent water diffusion, mechanical breakdown and pathogenic invasion in plants. Ferulic esters, ω-hydroxyacids and α,ω-fatty diacids are considered to be the most important linkage between aliphatic and aromatic suberin domains and also linked with cell-wall polysaccharides. The potato gene FHT (fatty ω- hydroxyacid/fatty alcohol hydroxycinnamoyl transferase) esterifies ferulic acid to suberin. Diminished levels of feruloyl transferase activity have been associated with lowered amounts of feruloyl esters of fatty acids in both suberin-associated waxes and suberin …