Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Prevalence Of And Trends In Diabetes Among Veterans, United States, 2005–2014, Ying Liu, Sonica Sayam, Xiaonan Shao, Kesheng Wang, Shimin Zheng, Ying Li, Liang Wang

ETSU Faculty Works

Diabetes is a highly prevalent chronic disease among US adults, and its prevalence among US veterans is even higher. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of and trends in diabetes in US veterans by using data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 through 2014. The overall prevalence of diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes was 20.5% and 3.4%, respectively, and increased from 15.5% in 2005–2006 to 20.5% in 2013–2014 (P = .04). Effective prevention and intervention approaches are needed to lower diabetes prevalence among US veterans and ultimately improve their health status.

Obesity And Diabetes: Evaluating The Impact Of Promotores As A Prevention And Intervention Strategy In The Latino Community, Jessica Castaneda

Master's Projects and Capstones

This paper aims to examine obesity and diabetes among the Latino population as a health problem. As the largest minority racial group in the U.S, Latino rates of obesity and diabetes are greatly higher than whites. The prevalence of obesity in Latinos is 45% compared to that of whites at 34.5% (CDC, 2015). The disproportionate rates at which Latinos are affected by obesity and diabetes have prompted numerous programs to combat this health problem. Promotores or Latino community health workers have been able to provide the important piece of culturally and linguistically appropriate education for the population. Evidence shows Promotores …

The Role Of Pre-Existing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Colorectal Cancer Stage And Survival In Elderly Americans: A Seer-Medicare Population-Based Study 2002-~2011, Sanae El Ibrahimi

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Diabetes is a common comorbid condition among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, yet its effects in CRC outcomes, particularly stage at diagnosis, risk of death and variations by diabetes severity (complications vs no complications) and Hispanic ethnicity have not been adequately studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between pre-existing T2DM and advanced stage at diagnosis in elderly patients with CRC; to examine whether diabetes is an independent predictor of poor survival from all-cause and CRC-specific mortality; to assess whether variations exist by diabetes severity and to analyze the outcomes for the Hispanic group.

The Surveillance Epidemiology …

Primary Care Provider’S Perspectives Of Integrating Public Health Into The Prevention And Management Of Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus In Rural Nebraska, Emma Frost-Briley

Capstone Experience

Through the 2011 Community Health Needs Assessment, the Four Corners Health Department has identified type II diabetes mellitus as one of the communities top concerns within their communities. The goals of this project were: to develop a survey to assess the state of current practices of primary care providers on type II diabetes mellitus in the health department district, to identify primary care providers views on prevention, treatment, and management of type II diabetes mellitus in the health department district, and to examine primary care providers and local health department’s views on how primary care and public health can be …

Improved Service Efficiency Improves Racial Disparity In Diabetic Care, Abel Irena, Kushal Patel, David Thompson, Gregory Schleis, Abiy Gesese, Richard Battiola

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Background: Racial disparities in diabetes care have been documented. Disparities also have been shown to affect service quality and outcome of diabetic care. Analysis of our internal medicine residency clinic diabetic care management performance across REAL-G (race, ethnicity, age, preferred language and/or gender) showed race-based disparity on two outcome measures: 1) measurement of glycohemoglobin (A1C) at least twice a year; and 2) target blood pressure of < 140/90.

Purpose: Develop interventions to decrease racial disparities in diabetes care among patients managed by an internal medicine residency clinic, as part of the Alliance of Independent Academic Medical Center’s National Initiative V project.

Methods: …

The Lifestyle Initiative: An Innovative Coaching-Based Quality Improvement Study To Improve The Health Of Aurora Health Care Caregivers And Family Members, Tiffany A. Mullen, Jessica J.F. Kram, Dennis J. Baumgardner

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Background: Self-management support has been shown to improve clinical outcomes. Health coaching, one form of self-management support, empowers patients within the health care system by providing information and through collaboratively developed care plans.

Purpose: Assess the impact of The Lifestyle Initiative, a coaching-based health program utilized by Aurora Health Care caregivers or family members.

Methods: The Lifestyle Initiative is a coaching-based approach for Aurora caregivers or family members enrolled in Aurora’s health insurance network. Individuals were recruited from the care management database, and all participants had an Aurora primary care provider. Participation was limited to those ≥ 18 years of …

Patient Care: The Forefront Of Pharmacy Practice, Dakota L. Richart

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

For the past three years, Richart has been a member of APhA–ASP and has actively participated in numerous events. She planned, organized, and executed health fairs, educational presentations, and other direct patient care experiences alongside other members. An interaction as simple as a five-minute discussion with a patient about their blood pressure, antihypertensive medications, and lifestyle modifications can help save their life. Each patient interaction has impacted her by strengthening her communication skills, developing her professionalism, and providing confidence as she applies her knowledge with patients. Whether APhA–ASP’s events focus on a small audience at a local health fair or …

Evaluation Of Trends In Diabetes Care In A Patient-Centered Medical Home, Ashley N. Saucier, Danielle Mcmechan, Julie Dahl-Smith, Carla Duffie, Denise M. Hodo, Holly E. Andrews, Joseph Hobbs

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is a model used in primary care to achieve effective management of chronic diseases. The Augusta University Health Family Medicine Center (AUFMC), a PCMH recognized by the National Committee for Quality Assurance, has implemented strategies to manage its patient population with diabetes. The present study evaluated the effects of these interventions through trend analysis of selected diabetic core measures by use of a qualified clinical data registry, the Practice Partner Research Network.

Methods: For this retrospective study, de-identified data were abstracted for adult patients with diabetes for the period of 2013-2015. Process and outcome …

Pubh 3131 - Chronic Disease: A Modern Epidemic, Yelena N. Tarasenko

Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health Syllabi

Chronic conditions (e.g. diabetes, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, obesity) are currently responsible for 60% of the global burden of disease and the World Health Organization predicts this to rise to 80% by the year 2020. This is one of the greatest challenges facing health care systems throughout the world and it places long-term health and economic demands on health care systems as the population ages. This course will provide students with the opportunity to study specific issues related to chronic disease epidemiology and management and their links to practice.

Stress Exposure And Physical, Mental, And Behavioral Health Among American Indian Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, Melissa L. Walls, Kelley J. Sittner, Benjamin D. Aronson, Angie K. Forsberg, Les B. Whitbeck, Mustafa Al'absi

Pharmacy Faculty Scholarship

American Indian (AI) communities experience disproportionate exposure to stressors and health inequities including type 2 diabetes. Yet, we know little about the role of psychosocial stressors for AI diabetes-related health outcomes. We investigated associations between a range of stressors and psychological, behavioral, and physical health for AIs with diabetes. This community-based participatory research with 5 AI tribes includes 192 AI adult type 2 diabetes patients recruited from clinical records at tribal clinics. Data are from computer-assisted interviews and medical charts. We found consistent bivariate relationships between chronic to discrete stressors and mental and behavioral health outcomes; several remained even after …

Abstracts From The 23rd Annual Health Care Systems Research Network Conference, March 21–23, 2017, San Diego, California

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

This proceedings supplement includes selected abstracts presented at the 23rd annual conference of the Health Care Systems Research Network (HCSRN), held March 21–23, 2017, in San Diego, California. Formerly called the HMO Research Network, HCSRN aims to improve individual and population health through research that connects the resources and capabilities of its member health care systems.

Partnership Between Academic And Public Health To Train Public Health Nurses New Chronic Diseases Protocols, Kathryn Martin, Elena Wood, Stephen Goggans, Anthony Mulloy, Shilpa Brown, Paul Wallach

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: According to the Georgia Department of Public Health (DPH), cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in Georgia (29% in 2013). Diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HTN) are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In 2013, the prevalence of diabetes was 11% and of hypertension was 35% of the state’s adult population. There are not sufficient healthcare providers to manage these patients. To address this concern, the DPH Chronic Disease Prevention Section contracted with the Medical College of Georgia (MCG) at Augusta University to design and implement an innovative training program for Georgia public health nurses on diabetes and …

Use Of Social Adaptability Index To Explain Self-Care And Diabetes Outcomes, Jennifer A. Campbell, Rebekah J. Walker, Brittany L. Smalls, Leonard E. Egede

Center for Health Services Research Faculty Publications

Background: To examine whether the social adaptability index (SAI) alone or components of the index provide a better explanatory model for self-care and diabetes outcomes.

Methods: Six hundred fifteen patients were recruited from two primary care settings. A series of multiple linear regression models were run to assess (1) associations between the SAI and diabetes self-care/outcomes, and (2) associations between individual SAI indicator variables and diabetes self-care/outcomes. Separate models were run for each self-care behavior and outcome. Two models were run for each dependent variable to compare associations with the SAI and components of the index.

Results: The SAI has …

Diabetes Screening And Prevention In A High-Risk, Medically Isolated Border Community, Ann V. Millard, Margaret A. Graham, Nelda Mier, Jesus Moralez, Maria Perez-Patron, Brian Wickwire, Marlynn L. May, Marcia G. Ory

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction: A project in a Texas border community setting, Prevention Organized against Diabetes and Dialysis with Education and Resources (POD2ER), offered diabetes prevention information, screening, and medical referrals. The setting was a large, longstanding flea market that functions as a shopping mall for low-income people. The priority population included medically underserved urban and rural Mexican Americans. Components of the program addressed those with diabetes, prediabetes, and accompanying relatives and friends.

Background: People living in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) face challenges of high rates of type 2 diabetes, lack of knowledge about prevention, and inadequate access to medical care. …

Transitional Healthcare Coordination In New York City Jails Among People With Chronic Health Conditions: Contributions To Reduced Reincarceration And Improved Health, Janet J. Wiersema

Dissertations and Theses

People in correctional settings often have poorer health than the general US population. For example, it is estimated that 27.9% of persons in jail have hypertension, 8.1% have diabetes, and 1.6% have HIV, compared to 25.6%, 6.5%, and 0.5%, respectively, in the general population. Jail and other correctional settings are also increasingly recognized as viable places to engage poor and underserved communities into the healthcare system by offering transitional care coordination services to connect people to healthcare and other services to meet priorities after incarceration. At the same time, recidivism is an issue—over 50% of persons in New York City …

Vitamin D Status And Demographic And Lifestyle Determinants Among Adults In The United States (Nhanes 2001-2006), Yan Cao, Katie L. Callahan, Sreenivas P. Veeranki, Yang Chen, Ying Liu, Shimin Zheng

Shimin Zheng

This study looked at risk factors associated with vitamin D levels in the body among a representative sample of adults in the U.S., NHANES III (2001-2006) data were used to assess the relationship between several demographic and health risk factors and vitamin D levels in the body. The Baseline-Category Logit Model was used to test the association between vitamin D level and the potential risk factors age, education, ethnicity, poverty status, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, obesity, diabetes and total cholesterol with both genders. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were significantly associated with age, race, education, physical activity, obesity, diabetes and …

Comparison Of Multiple Obesity Indices For Cardiovascular Disease Risk Classification In South Asian Adults: The Carrs Study., Shivani A. Patel, Mohan Deepa, Roopa Shivashankar, Mohammed K. Ali, Deksha Kapoor, Ruby Gupta, Dorothy Lall, Nikhil Tandon, Viswanathan Mohan, Muhammad Masood Kadir, Zafar Fatmi, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, K. M. Venkat Narayan

Community Health Sciences

BACKGROUND:

We comparatively assessed the performance of six simple obesity indices to identify adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a diverse and contemporary South Asian population.

METHODS:

8,892 participants aged 20-60 years in 2010-2011 were analyzed. Six obesity indices were examined: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-height ratio (WHtR), waist-hip ratio (WHR), log of the sum of triceps and subscapular skin fold thickness (LTS), and percent body fat derived from bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA). We estimated models with obesity indices specified as deciles and as continuous linear variables to predict prevalent hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol …

Use Of Grounded Theory In Cardiovascular Research, Patrick J. Dunn, Vasileios Margaritis, Cheryl Anderson

The Qualitative Report

While grounded theory is often cited in the qualitative literature as the methodology, there are few good examples of publications that follow the principles of grounded theory and result in an actual theory. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the Corbin and Strauss (2015) method of grounded theory was used in a study looking at how patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetes develop health literacy skills that are used to manage their condition. The key principles of grounded theory include theoretical sampling, constant comparison, open, axial, and selective coding, the use of memoing, and theoretical saturation. Data …

Engagement And Outcomes In A Digital Diabetes Prevention Program: 3-Year Update., S Cameron Sepah, Luohua Jiang, Robert J. Ellis, Kelly Mcdermott, Anne L. Peters

Global Public Health | Faculty Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: Translations of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) have proliferated in recent years, with increasing expansion to digital formats. Although these DPP translations have consistently shown favorable clinical outcomes, long-term data for digital formats are limited. This study's objective was to examine clinical outcomes up to 3 years post-baseline and the relationship between program engagement and clinical outcomes in a digital DPP.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In a single-arm, non-randomized trial, 220 patients previously diagnosed with prediabetes were enrolled in the Omada Health Program, a commercially available, 16-week DPP-based weight loss intervention followed by an ongoing weight maintenance intervention. Changes …

Identifying Factors Associated With Participation In T1d Support Program For Young Adults, Taylor L. Neher, Samuel D. Towne Jr., Sarah E. Toevs

Public Health and Population Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been shown to have a significant and stressful impact on an individual’s transition into young adulthood. Young adults are often experiencing new levels of independence and decision-making at this time. Insufficient research has been conducted on the use and impact of T1D support programs tailored to young adults in relation to the emotional impacts of the disease, access to programming, and desired outcomes of programs. his study assesses awareness, utilization, and emotional needs of T1D support programs tailored to young adults.

Research Design and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on surveys collected through …

The American Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes Epidemic: Considerations For Targeted Diabetes Prevention Programs, Dolores Dodson

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Childhood obesity is an identified risk factor for several long-term health issues such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death within the United States. The CDC has implemented an evidence-based program, The National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), to prevent the development of T2DM among individuals with prediabetes. Prediabetes is defined as having elevated glucose levels glycated hemoglobin [A1C] levels between 5.7%-6.5%) that are not elevated enough to meet diabetes diagnosis criteria (A1C levels > 6.5%). The DPP is a lifestyle change program that has …

Association Between Diabetes And Cancer In Indian And Us Populations Using Longitudinal Study Design, Shraddha S. Vyas

Theses and Dissertations

Background: There is growing evidence of association between diabetes and cancer. No studies have been conducted in India evaluating this association. With the current epidemiologic, nutritional and economic transition in India, it becomes extremely important to examine this association in an Indian population. Additionally, difference in association exists based on different cancer subtypes. Research has shown that diabetes is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. However most of these studies suggest detection bias to be one of the probable reasons for this association. Additionally, the common risk factors shared by both these conditions are considered to one of …

Assessing For Awareness And Knowledge Regarding Diabetes In Pre-Diabetes Obese Patients, Remona Lysa Brown

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Over the past few decades, there has been an increase in prevalence of diabetes in the United States. Prevention of diabetes and improving patients' knowledge and awareness of diabetes are crucial for healthcare providers. Using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a theoretical foundation, the student used the National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), to improve awareness and knowledge of diabetes among obese individuals with prediabetes. The key research question of this project was to determine whether the patients' diabetes knowledge and awareness improved after the NDPP program. A convenience sample of …

Plain Language Review Of Diabetes Among Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People, Kathy Ride

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This review provides an overview of key information on diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia. The review focuses mostly on type 2 diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people because type 2 diabetes is responsible for the majority of cases of diabetes in this population. However, the review also refers to type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes where information is available. It provides a historical, social and cultural background to the development of diabetes, and the behavioural and medical factors that contribute to diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

It provides information on …

A Decade Of Diabetes Hospitalizations: Meaningful Information For Community-Based Health Services Administrators For Identifying And Assessing Risk, Jewel Shepherd, Koren Goodman, Manasi Sheth-Chandra

Nursing Faculty Publications

The American Diabetes Association has established that the largest contributor of expenditures related to the cost of care for diabetes is inpatient hospital care. Research has shown that when multiple hospitalizations have been examined, patients diagnosed with diabetes have higher same year readmission rates. Medicare-enrolled patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes who participated in a diabetes management intervention that included self-care behavior instructions and nurse management had fewer emergency room visits and hospitalizations for diabetes related care. In the US, an aging population and expected changes in the ethnic composition prompts an alert to actively address the need for …

Hassles Of African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes, Sharon H. Murff

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There has been a steady increase in the incidence of diabetes in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a difference in the daily hassles of African American adults with a self-reported diagnosis of type 2 diabetes compared to those of African American adults without a self-reported diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. The theoretical underpinning for this quantitative, descriptive study was the cognitive appraisal theory (CAT), but the concept of stress and the effects stress has on the body was the broad framework that connected all the variables. The CAT was used to …

Combating Diabetes In Chittenden County: A Healthcare Provider Referral Campaign To Increase Patient Participation In The Vermont Diabetes Prevention Program, Samantha Magier

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

As of 2016, diabetes affects more than 29 million people in the United States and is the 7th leading cause of death nationwide. In Vermont, 1/10 people are diagnosed with either diabetes or prediabetes, with 6% of Vermonters affected by prediabetes and 5% of Chittenden Country affected by prediabetes. The public health burden of this chronic disease is immense: diabetes costs Vermont an estimated $543 million each year and is the leading cause of kidney failure, lower limb amputations, and adult-onset blindness. Prediabetes occurs when blood sugar is higher than normal but not at the diagnostic threshold of diabetes. Prediabetes …

Diagnostic Prevalence Of Diabetes Among Older Adults In Rural Appalachia, Gabriella Hodges

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Background

The rural, mountainous Appalachian region continuously has poorer health outcomes than the rest of the United States. This is true for many chronic diseases including diabetes: the 7th leading cause of death in the United States. This study assessed differences in the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes between older adults in rural, Appalachian counties and rural, non- Appalachian counties.

Methods

Data for the year 2013 was extracted from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Public Use Files for Medicare beneficiaries (September 2015), which provides county level prevalence for diabetes as well as several other conditions among Medicare fee-for-service …

Evaluating The Relationship Between Diabetes And Menstrual Cycle Irregularities, Kailyn Leanne Conner

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Purpose. To evaluate the relationship between menstrual cycle irregularity and several key variables, and to determine whether the odds of diabetic women self-reporting menstrual cycle irregularities is greater than non-diabetic women self-reporting menstrual cycle irregularities.

Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Kentucky Women’s Health Registry from 2006 to 2014. The data was restricted based on age (used as a proxy for menopause status) and self-reported pregnancy and breastfeeding status, as well as eligibility to menstruate, yielding a final population of 4,256 participants for analysis. Basic statistical frequency analyses were conducted, stratified by menstrual cycle …