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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
The Role Of Reactive Oxygen Species In The Accumulation Of Driver Mutations In B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Mia P. Sams
The Role Of Reactive Oxygen Species In The Accumulation Of Driver Mutations In B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Mia P. Sams
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most prevalent type of cancer in young children and is associated with recurrent mutations and high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine was tested for its ability to prolong lifespan of a mouse model of B-ALL and reduce frequency of mutations. Mice treated with 1g/L of N-acetylcysteine in drinking water were found to have delayed onset of B-ALL at 11 weeks of age and changes in gene expression relating to B cell development, calcium-apoptosis signaling, and pathways in cancer, although no differences in lifespan were observed. Tumours from treated …
Incidence Of Cancer And Stage At Diagnosis Among People With Recent-Onset Psychotic Disorders, Jared C. Wootten
Incidence Of Cancer And Stage At Diagnosis Among People With Recent-Onset Psychotic Disorders, Jared C. Wootten
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Evidence on cancer incidence in people with psychotic disorders, compared to the general population, is equivocal, although those with psychotic disorders so have more advanced stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis. The objective of this thesis was to compare cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis for people with psychotic disorders, relative to the general population. Our systematic review did not observe a significant difference in overall cancer incidence among people diagnosed with psychotic disorders (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.16), however people with psychotic disorders were more likely to be present with advanced stage cancer at …
The Role Of Kidney Injury Molecule-1 In The Metastasis Of Renal Cell Carcinoma, Jasper Lee
The Role Of Kidney Injury Molecule-1 In The Metastasis Of Renal Cell Carcinoma, Jasper Lee
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Over 30% of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) present with metastases, with median survival of 2 years. Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) is a cell-surface glycoprotein expressed by >90% of RCC tumours. Preliminary data mined from The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA-sequencing database indicates that KIM-1 overexpression predicts overall survival in patients. Here we sought to determine if tumour KIM-1 plays a role in RCC cell extravasation and metastasis to the lungs. In vitro invasion and in vivo metastasis assays were performed to investigate the metastatic potential of KIM-1-expressing cells, and RNA-seq was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes between …
Investigating E2f Independent Cell Cycle Control And Tumor Suppression By Prb, Michael J. Thwaites
Investigating E2f Independent Cell Cycle Control And Tumor Suppression By Prb, Michael J. Thwaites
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Cellular division is primarily controlled at the G1 to S-phase transition of the cell cycle by the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor protein (pRB). The ability of pRB to restrict S-phase entry is primarily attributed to the repression of E2F transcription factors required to upregulate cell cycle target genes necessary for cellular division. Interestingly, while pRB is disrupted in the vast majority of human cancers, mutations typically target upstream regulators of pRB leading to inactivation through hyperphosphorylation. The rarity of direct pRB mutations suggests that the regulation of the cell cycle by pRB may involve additional mechanisms outside of E2F repression, as this …
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Confers Resistance To Chemotherapy And Γ Radiation To Cancer Cells, Independent Of Direct Immune Involvement, Saman Maleki Vareki
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Confers Resistance To Chemotherapy And Γ Radiation To Cancer Cells, Independent Of Direct Immune Involvement, Saman Maleki Vareki
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO) is an immunosuppressive molecule expressed by most human tumours. IDO levels correlate with poor prognosis in cancer patients and IDO inhibitors are under investigation to enhance endogenous anticancer immunosurveillance. Little is known regarding the immune-independent functions of IDO relevant to cancer therapy. In this thesis I show, for the first time, that IDO mediates human tumour cell resistance, in a cell-autonomous fashion, to single and combination treatment with a diverse group of chemotherapy drugs and g radiation. These drugs include a PARP inhibitor (olaparib), a DNA cross-linking agent (cisplatin), a folate antimetabolite (pemetrexed), a nucleoside analogue (gemcitabine), …
From Isolated Tumour Cells To Overt Lymph Node Metastases: Biological And Imaging Studies On The Development Of Experimental Lymph Node Metastases, Michael M. Lizardo
From Isolated Tumour Cells To Overt Lymph Node Metastases: Biological And Imaging Studies On The Development Of Experimental Lymph Node Metastases, Michael M. Lizardo
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Metastatic colonization and establishment of overt lymph node (LN) tumours indicates poor prognosis for cancer patients. However, the basic biology that influences the development of LN metastasis is poorly understood due to the lack of basic animal models. The following work provides a new lymph node experimental metastasis assay (LEMA) that permits the assessment of tumour cell fate after they arrest in draining LNs. In using this new model, we discovered that only 8% of the tumour cells that arrive in the LN are successful in forming overt tumours. This work also explored the use of imaging approaches to monitor …