Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Does Exercise Decrease The Level Of Anxiety In Adults?, Alexa N. Wister

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Does exercise decrease the level of anxiety in adults?”

Study Design: A systematic review of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were peer reviewed and published between 2016 and 2020.

Data Sources: All articles were published in peer-reviewed journals. Two of the RCTs were researched using Pubmed and one RCT was found using Academic Search Premier, AMED. All studies were selected based on applicability to the clinical question presented in the objective, and if the researched outcomes were patient oriented.

Outcome Measured: A reduction in anxiety …

Does Medical Clowning Impact Anxiety In The Pediatric Population Undergoing Medical Interventions?, Kelso Blaze

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to investigate the question, “does medical clowning impact anxiety in the pediatric patient undergoing medical interventions?”

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three randomized control trials (RCT).

DATA SOURCES: These articles were published between 2012-2021 in English. The in peer-reviewed journals, searched for using PubMed.

OUTCOME(S) MEASURED: The outcomes measured included anxiety level in pediatric patients undergoing medical interventions.

RESULTS: In the RCT led by Dionigi et al., medical clowning led to a reduction in pediatric patient anxiety compared with the control group (P < 0.005), indicated by a mean change from baseline of 17. In the RCT by Felluga et al., medical clowning led to a reduction in pediatric patient anxiety compared with the control group (P < 0.05), indicated by a mean change from baseline of 1. Lastly, Mieri et al. demonstrated a reduction pediatric patient anxiety with medical clowning, indicated by a mean change from baseline of 0.04 with statistical significance of P < 0.05 in the treatment group.

CONCLUSION: All three studies in this review demonstrated that …

Are Binaural Beats Effective At Reducing Anxiety In Patients Undergoing Medical Intervention?, Cory German

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not binaural beats are effective at reducing anxiety in patients undergoing medical intervention.

Study Design: Literature review of three English peer-reviewed studies, published on or after January 1, 2008.

Data Sources: Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were found using a search via the Cochrane Collaboration. These studies were selected based on relevance to binaural audio being used for reduction of anxiety and that the outcomes mattered to patients.

Outcomes Measured: The outcomes addressed in this study include patient anxiety levels preand post-operatively. Outcomes were measured using the …

Is Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Effective In Decreasing Symptoms Of Anxiety For Individuals With Anxiety Disorder?, Ezinne Ifi

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Is mindfulness-based stress reduction effective in decreasing symptoms of anxiety for individuals with anxiety disorder?”

STUDY DESIGN: A selective review of three peer-reviewed, randomized control trials published after 2008.

DATA SOURCES: All three randomized control trials were published in the English language and were selected from peer-reviewed journals via the PubMed Database based on their relevance to the clinical question posed above and if they included patient-oriented outcomes (POEM).

OUTCOMES MEASURED: All articles analyzed the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in decreasing symptoms of anxiety …

Is Psilocybin An Effective Treatment To Reduce Depression And Anxiety In Cancer Patients With A Diagnosis Of An Anxiety Disorder, Mood Disorder, And/Or Stress Disorder?, Brooke Reichenbach

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not psilocybin is an effective treatment to reduce depression and anxiety in cancer patients with a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder, mood disorder, and/or stress disorder.

Study design: Systematic review of three cross-over randomized placebo-controlled trials published in peer reviewed journals between 2010-2016.

Data sources: All articles were published in English and were selected from Cochrane Collaboration and PubMed based on if they were relevant to my clinical question and included patient-oriented outcomes (POEMs).

Outcomes measured: Outcomes measured included self-reported anxiety and depression via the State-Trait Anxiety …

Does Music Therapy Decrease Anxiety Levels In Pre-Operative Cesarean Section Patients?, Carolynn E. Saba

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective stated as follows: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not music therapy decreases anxiety levels in pre-operative cesarean section patients.

Study Design: A systematic review of 3 randomized controlled trials (RCT) published in 2012, 2012, and 2018; all in the English language.

Data sources: All three RCT’s were from peer-reviewed journals, found on the PubMed database. These articles were chosen based on their relevance to the chosen topic and included patient-oriented outcomes.

Outcome(s) Measured: Patient outcomes were measured using a Visual Analog scale (VAS), Mood State Scale, and the Zung Self Rating Anxiety …

Are Psychedelics Effective In Treating Anxiety Associated With A Lifethreatening Disease?, Kayla Wilwohl

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) review is to determine whether or not “Are psychedelics effective in treating anxiety associated with a lifethreatening disease?”

STUDY DESIGN: Review of two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot studies and one randomized controlled trial (RCT).

DATA SOURCES: All studies were published in peer-reviewed journals found via the use of PubMed Database.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcome measured in this EBM was the effect of psilocybin or LSD on the reduction in anxiety. Reduction in anxiety was measured using either the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) or the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Participants …

Is Exercise An Effective Treatment For Reducing Anxiety In Patients With Panic Disorder?, Danielle Kemp

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not exercise is an effective treatment for reducing anxiety in patients with panic disorder.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of three English language randomized controlled trials published between 2008 and 2015.

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized controlled trials published in peer-reviewed journals comparing the effects of exercise on anxiety in patients with panic disorder using PubMed and EBSCO databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcomes measured were improvement in anxiety symptoms in patients with panic disorder participating in exercise and fears related to anxiety- related sensations when patients were participating in …

Is L-Theanine An Effective Treatment For Reducing Anxiety In Patients Ages 18-25?, Nicole Bubes

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not L-theanine, an amino acid analogue found in green tea leaves, is an effective treatment for reducing anxiety in patients ages 18-25.

Study design: Review of two double-blind, randomized controlled studies and one single-blind, randomized controlled study published in 2007, 2012 and 2013 respectively.

Data sources: PubMed

Outcome(s) measured: Each study measured L-theanine’s ability to reduce acute anxiety with a series of self-report measures assessing acute anxiety and stress, including the Profile of Mood States (POMS), the visual analogue scales (VAS), State-Trait Anxiety …

Can Coloring Pre-Structured Designs That Have Complexity Aid In Reducing Anxiety In Those Greater Than 17 Years Of Age?, Kaitlyn P. Probasco

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective evidence based medicine (EBM) review is to determine whether or not coloring mandalas or designs that have complexity and structure can aid in reducing anxiety in those greater than 17 years of age.

Study Design: Review of three English language randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published in 2007, 2012, and 2015.

Data Sources: Three randomized controlled trials published in peer-reviewed journals obtained using PubMed and EBSCOhost.

Outcomes Measured: The Curry and Kasser study and the van dV and Serice7study both used the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) to record anxiety. The Henderson …

Does Music Therapy Reduce Anxiety Levels In End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis?, Andrew C. Konopacki

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not music therapy reduces anxiety levels in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic Review of two randomized controlled trials and one crossover study published in English in 2008, 2012 and 2013, respectively.

DATA SOURCES: Two non-blind randomized controlled trials and one cross-over study were found via PubMed and EBSCOhost databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Subjective Anxiety Levels were measured in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis pre and posttest via patient self-reporting. An anxiety level survey graded on a scale of 1-10 was used in the study by …

Does Black Cohosh Improve Anxiety/Depression Symptoms In Women Who Are Postmenopausal?, Priya Patel

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine is Black Cohosh effective for reducing anxiety/depression symptoms in postmenopausal women?

DESIGN: Review of three English language primary randomized controlled studies published from 2005-2009.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trials comparing Black Cohosh to placebo or hormonal therapies were found using PubMed and Cochrane databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Each of the three trials assessed the efficacy and clinical improvement in anxiety symptoms with the use of Black Cohosh. Studies utilized to measure change in anxiety symptoms included Harrison Anxiety Rating (HAM), Symptom Rating Test (SRT), and Kupperman Test.

RESULTS: Two …

Is Animal Assisted Therapy With Dogs Effective In Improving Psychosocial Variables Of Mood In Hospital Patients?, Kelsey A. Morris

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not animal assisted interventions with dogs are effective in improving psychosocial variables of mood in hospital patients.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of two English language randomized control trial published in 2008 and 2007, and one English language clinical trial published in 2009.

DATA SOURCES: Two randomized, controlled trials comparing animal assisted interventions to absent animal interaction, interaction with a human being, engaging in another interactive activity, or no treatment were found using PubMed and Cochrane System Reviews.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Anxiety was measured by POMS …

Is Music Therapy A Complementary Treatment Option For Perinatal Women Experiencing Stress And Anxiety?, Samantha L. Wallace Mph

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not music therapy is a complementary treatment option for perinatal women experiencing stress and anxiety.

STUDY DESIGN: Literature review of three English language studies, published between 2006 and present.

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were found using a search of Pubmed, Medline, OVID, and Cochrane databases. These studies analyzed the use of a music therapy intervention among pregnant or postpartum women suffering stress, anxiety and/or depression.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcomes of interest include stress, anxiety and severity of depression symptoms. Outcomes …

Is The Use Of Animal Assisted Therapy/Activity Effective In Improving Quality Of Life Through Self-Efficacy, Self-Perceived Health, Sense Of Coherence And Mood?, Kendra B. Keene

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not the use of Animal Assisted Therapy/Activity is effective in improving quality of life through self-efficacy, self-perceived health, sense of coherence and mood.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language randomized control trials, two published in 2008, and one published in 2009.

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized, controlled trials comparing Animal Assisted Therapy/Activity to restricted or absent animal contact or alternative control therapy were found using PubMed Health and Cochrane Systematic Reviews.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Depression measured via BDI (Beck Depression Inventory), Anxiety measured via BAI (Beck Anxiety …

Is Kava (Piper Methysticum) Safe And Effective For Reducing Anxiety In Adult Patients 18-65?, Tamara Mrnjavac

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine is Kava (piper methysticum) safe and effective for reducing anxiety in adult patients 18-65?

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary randomized controlled studies published from 2005-2009.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trials comparing Kava and placebo were found using OVID, PubMed, and CINAHL and COCHRANE databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Each of the three trials assessed the adverse event of hepatotoxicity and clinical improvement in anxiety symptoms. Studies utilized to measure change in anxiety symptoms included State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-state), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), the Hospital Anxiety and …