Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Distinct Thalamic And Frontal Neuroanatomical Substrates In Children With Familial Vs. Non-Familial Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd), Rahman Baboli, Meng Cao, Jeffrey M. Halperin, Xiaobo Li

Publications and Research

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent, inheritable, and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. Children with a family history of ADHD are at elevated risk of having ADHD and persisting its symptoms into adulthood. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of having or not having positive family risk factor in the neuroanatomy of the brain in children with ADHD. Cortical thickness-, surface area-, and volume-based measures were extracted and compared in a total of 606 participants, including 132, 165, and 309 in groups of familial ADHD (ADHD-F), non-familial ADHD (ADHD-NF), and typically developed children, respectively. Compared to controls, …

A Case Of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 With Severe Mood And Behavioral Symptoms, Eduardo Espiridion, Aakash Padodara, Alexa Primavera, Danielle Hovington, Adeolu Funso Oladunjoye

Transformative Medicine (T-Med)

INTRODUCTION: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the NF1 gene. In addition to physical manifestations, complications such as cognitive and behavioral deficits have been described. CLINICAL FINDINGS: We describe a case of a 14-year-old male with a past psychiatric history of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and multiple suicide attempts, who presented with suicidal ideation and command hallucinations. The patient became aggressive, physically assaulting hospital staff, and required sedative medication and physical restraints for several days. He required inpatient hospital admission due to rhabdomyolysis. Throughout his admission, the …

Prescription Stimulants In College And Medical Students: A Narrative Review Of Misuse, Cognitive Impact, And Adverse Effects, Amber N. Edinoff, Catherine A. Nix, Shawn E. Mcneil, Sarah E. Wagner, Catherine A. Johnson, Brooke C. Williams, Elyse M. Cornett, Kevin S. Murnane, Adam M. Kaye, Alan David Kaye

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

Stimulants are effective in treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychiatrist Charles Bradley first made this discovery in 1937 when he found that children treated with amphetamines showed improvements in school performance and behavior. Between 1995 and 2008, stimulants to treat ADHD increased six-fold among American adults and adolescents at an annual rate of 6.5%. Stimulants without a prescription, known as nonmedical use or misuse, have also increased. The highest rates of nonmedical prescription drug misuse in the United States are seen most notably in young adults between 18 and 25 years, based on data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health …

10-Minute Ebd: Stimulant Medications, Rampant Caries, And Prevention, Madison Thomas Bs, Nancy Poznick Dds, Melanie E. Mayberry Dds, Ms-Hcm

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

The 10-Minute Evidence-Based Dentistry Column illustrates how to implement the evidence-based dentistry search process to quickly identify and apply the best literature to answer a clinical question. Through critical appraisal, the author of this article answers the clinical question of a connection between stimulant medications, rampant caries, and prevention, with a focus on the impact of ADHD medication on oral health. The term "meth mouth" often associated with dental decay is discussed in the context of xerostomia (dry mouth), a common side effect of stimulant medications. The article uses the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) system to formulate a research …

School Bullying Behaviors And Victimization In Thai Children And Adolescents With Comorbid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, And Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Jirada Prasartpornsirichoke, Nuttorn Pityaratstian, Warunya Pongparadorn

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Bullying in school is a chronic social problem which has life-time impact. The prevalence of school bullying in Thai children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is significantly higher than other groups. However, there is no research work has been done on the association and impact of the comorbidity of ADHD, anxiety disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) on bullying in school. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of school bullying in Thai children and adolescents with comorbid ADHD, anxiety disorders, and ODD at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and to investigate associations and effects of …

Telemedicine And Adhd Management In Pediatric Patients In Southern New Jersey: A Retrospective Chart Review, Ami S. Patel, Alison Mancuso

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Objectives:

• Investigate whether there is a relationship between use of telemedicine and improvement of symptoms of pediatric patients with ADHD
• To see if further study can be done on the use of telemedicine in treating pediatric ADHD patients

The Underdiagnosis Of Adhd In Black Females, Kiana Clerkley

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Background

Historically, Black women have continued to face discriminatory practices within the various branches of healthcare in America, including mental health.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to explore the reasons for and factors contributing to the underdiagnosis of Attention Deficit- Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among Black females.

Methods

This study was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative methods by use of collecting self-report scales and conducting individual interviews. Eight Black women were recruited by posting fliers on social media accounts that served as ADHD support groups among women. I collected data with the results of the self-report scale and …

The Various Nervous System Drugs Commonly Used For Treatment And The Disparities In Availability Of These Drugs In Minority Groups, Iman Haurami

Honors Scholars Collaborative Projects

The nervous system is a complex network in our body that is responsible for actions, reflexes, and even sensations. With the brain being part of the CNS, many common nervous system disorders are due to a defect in the central nervous system and the functions of this organ. These disorders include mental health problems, degenerative diseases, seizures, infections, and other possible genetic diseases. Many of these diseases are common in society and constantly researched. Even though these diseases are common, treatment accessibility and effects on people of minority groups are overlooked compared to the focus on majority groups. For drug …

Implementation Of An Adhd Electronic Portal In Pediatric Primary Care, Heather Cathey

Epsilon Sigma at-Large Research Conference

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) recommend documentation of symptom scales and comorbidity screenings at the time of diagnosis and routinely throughout care. Rates of documentation for these tools in pediatric primary care are consistently low, creating a gap in care that impairs diagnosis, management, and patient outcomes. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to implement an online ADHD portal that emails, collects and scores these tools. The aims of the project are to improve utilization of CPGs by increasing documentation rates of symptom scales and comorbidity screenings for pediatric patients with ADHD. One …

Sensory Preference And Learning Preference In Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder And Dyslexia, Jennifer Gomez, Hope Mccarroll, Lisa Griggs-Stapleton

Spring 2022 Virtual OTD Capstone Symposium

Is there a connection between a child’s sensory preferences and their learning preference? Sensory processing disorders are a heavily researched topic in current literature and many children with sensory differences present with learning disabilities, but research is lacking concerning any connection between sensory processing and learning. This research study examines children’s sensory preferences and learning preferences and denotes trends between these two variables. 15 participants were recruited from the Accommodated Learning Academy in Grapevine, Texas, a private school for students 1st-12th grade with learning delays. The sample of 15 participants consisted of 12 females and 3 males, aged 11-15 years …

Impact Of Stigma On Students With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Implications For School-Based Occupational Therapists, Sidney M. Mcreynolds Mrs.

Occupational Therapy Capstone Presentations

This study used the Attention/Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Stigma Questionnaire (ASQ) and the ADHD Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (ADHD-IRAP) among school-based professionals, including occupational therapists. 24 occupational therapists and 23 other school professionals completed demographic questions and the ASQ. 22 completed scores were used for the ADHD-IRAP results. Other school professionals (36.17%) reported having experience with children with ADHD outside of their professional capacity more than occupational therapists (23.40%) which was marginally significant (F (0.96, 10.78) = [11.75], p = .051). On the ASQ subscales, there was a significant difference between groups for Self-Image (F (2.55,10.05) = [11.42], p = .002), …

Prevalence Of Mental Health Conditions Among 6078 Individuals With Down Syndrome In The United States, Anne Rivelli, Veronica Fitzpatrick, Sagar Chaudhari, Laura Chicoine, Gengjie Jia, Andrey Rzhetsky, Brian Chicoine

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Findings from a recent study of the largest documented cohort of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) in the United States described prevalence of common disease conditions and strongly suggested significant disparity in mental health conditions among these individuals as compared with age- and sex-matched individuals without DS. The retrospective, descriptive study reported herein is a follow-up to document prevalence of 58 mental health conditions across 28 years of data from 6078 individuals with DS and 30,326 age- and sex-matched controls. Patient data were abstracted from electronic medical records within a large integrated health system. In general, individuals with DS had …

Adhd In Romantic Relationships: Exploring Relational Dialectics In Mixed-Neurotype Couples, Katherine Dotten

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to understand the way romantic relationship tensions are communicated between partners in couples affected by Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Extant research asserts that the presence of ADHD in one relational partner of romantic relationships is associated with relational dissatisfaction, poor relational communication practices, and a higher risk for dissolution of the relationship (Bruner et al., 2015; Eakin et al., 2004; Robin & Payson, 2002). Little effort has been made to understand what can be done to mitigate these risks. The present study focused on the communication practices at work in four cohabiting, romantic …

Is Exercise Effective In Improving The Cognitive And Behavioral Executive Functions In Children Diagnosed With Adhd?, Cara Scatena

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine “Is exercise effective in improving the cognitive and behavioral functions in children diagnosed with ADHD?”

Study Design: A systematic review of three randomized control trials (RCTs). All three of these studies were published between 2011 and 2016.

Data Sources: All three of the RCTs were found using PubMed. All of the studies were published in English in peer-reviewed journals and selected based on their relevance to the clinical question.

Outcome Measured: The outcome measured in these studies is the measurable improvement in executive functions related to the effects of …

Parental Barriers Toward Seeking Mental Healthcare For Saudi Children At Risk Of Adhd, Amani Kappi

Theses and Dissertations--Nursing

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental health disorder commonly diagnosed in childhood. Underdiagnosis and undertreatment of ADHD can lead to the development of other mental illnesses and disruptions in social functioning in adulthood. Therefore, parents can play a crucial role in proactively seeking mental healthcare for children who are at risk for or who have a clear diagnosis of ADHD. Studies in the United Kingdom and the United States highlight many barriers that prevent parents from seeking mental healthcare for their children, such as negative attitudes towards the mental healthcare system and stigma towards mental illnesses.

Cultural differences …

Introducing A Real-Time Advanced Eye Movements Analysis Pipeline, Gavindya Jayawardana

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Real-Time Advanced Eye Movements Analysis Pipeline (RAEMAP) is an advanced pipeline to analyze traditional positional gaze measurements as well as advanced eye gaze measurements. The proposed implementation of RAEMAP includes real-time analysis of fixations, saccades, gaze transition entropy, and low/high index of pupillary activity. RAEMAP will also provide visualizations of fixations, fixations on AOIs, heatmaps, and dynamic AOI generation in real-time. This paper outlines the proposed architecture of RAEMAP.

Game Addiction And Severity Of Adhd Symptoms Among Adolescent Adhd Patients, Nuttawut Suksamai, Napakkawat Buathong, Sasithorn Preechawuttidach

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Children and adolescents who use the Internet and play games are at risk for the Internet and game addiction because they are still developing and learning new things. Problematic game players are more likely to have attention-deficit hyper activity disorder (ADHD) compared with the general population. The data about game addiction in Adolescents with ADHD in Thailand are still limited. Objectives: To examine the prevalence of game addiction and its association with the severity of ADHD symptoms and other factors in adolescent ADHD patients attending the Child and Adolescents Outpatient Psychiatric Clinic, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional …

Adhd Evaluation And Diagnosis In The Primary Care Setting, Sean R. Fox

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

Our goal was to develop a comprehensive Epic template for the initial evaluation of ADHD in the primary care setting.

Conditions That Mimic Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder In A Pediatric Population: A Diagnostic Guide For Primary Care Providers, Elena Schatell

Capstone Showcase

This article outlines common neurobiological, developmental, psychological, and other medical diagnoses and conditions that symptomatically mimic attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the pediatric population. Many of these disorders are comorbid with ADHD, but they may also be misdiagnosed as ADHD. Due to the similarity in presentation, these conditions must be included when formulating a differential diagnosis. Accurately diagnosing a child with ADHD requires a thorough evaluation and work up to rule out diagnoses on the differential.