Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Considering Aspects Of The 3rs Principles Within Experimental Animal Biology, Lynne U. Sneddon, Lewis G. Halsey, Nic R. Bury

Lynne Sneddon, PhD

The 3Rs – Replacement, Reduction and Refinement – are embedded into the legislation and guidelines governing the ethics of animal use in experiments. Here, we consider the advantages of adopting key aspects of the 3Rs into experimental biology, represented mainly by the fields of animal behaviour, neurobiology, physiology, toxicology and biomechanics. Replacing protected animals with less sentient forms or species, cells, tissues or computer modelling approaches has been broadly successful. However, many studies investigate specific models that exhibit a particular adaptation, or a species that is a target for conservation, such that their replacement is inappropriate. Regardless of the species …

A Case Report Of Water Hemlock Poisoning, Blue Butterfield, Alicia Bond Md, Dan Meyer, Gary Diperna, Tamas Peredy Md

Journal of Maine Medical Center

Introduction: Water hemlock poisoning is an uncommon cause of seizures, gastrointestinal upset, and renal failure. This poisoning occurs infrequency and is likely to go unrecognized without a proper history and consideration in the differential diagnosis.

Clinical Findings: A 23-year-old male with an unremarkable past medical history presented to the emergency department after being found unresponsive at a farm where he was employed. He had several tonic-clonic seizures en route. Initial evaluation was unremarkable and included toxicology screening, lumbar puncture, and brain imaging.

Main diagnoses, therapeutics, interventions, and outcomes: The patient was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and antivirals with a suspected …

Mechanisms Of Arsenic-Induced Suppression Of Early Red Blood Cell Development, Sebastian Medina

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Anemia adversely impacts the health of more than a billion people worldwide. A strong association between anemia and arsenic exposure has been reported in epidemiological studies from multiple countries. However, the mechanistic bases for the association between arsenic exposure and anemia is not fully understood. In this study, we found an inverse association between drinking water arsenic exposures and clinical indicators of anemia (i.e., red blood cell counts and hematocrit/packet cell volumes) in a cohort of men from rural Bangladesh enrolled in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study.

Follow-up studies in mice, revealed that 60-day exposure to trivalent inorganic …

'Nephrogenic' Systemic Fibrosis Is Mediated By Myeloid C-C Chemokine Receptor 2 Dataset, Catherine Do, Viktor Drel, Chunyan Tan, Duck-Yoon Lee, Brent Wagner

The Kidney Institute of New Mexico

This dataset presents results of an in vivo model of gadolinium-based contrast agent-induced systemic fibrosis. Figure 1 demonstrates that gadolinium-based contrast agent treatment induces dermal fibrosis and hypercellularity of the same magnitude in patients afflicted with ‘nephrogenic’ systemic fibrosis. Electron microscopy demonstrated that systemic gadolinium treatment induced the formation of multinucleated giant cells in the dermis laden with electron-dense, mesh-like nanostructures. Scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy revealed that the electron-dense nanoparticles were gadolinium rich. Figure 2 represents the first chimeric model of mice and gadolinium-induced systemic fibrosis (to our knowledge). Lethally-irradiated mice with 5/6 nephrectomy (to model renal …