Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Suboptimal Health Pregnant Women Are Associated With Increased Oxidative Stress And Unbalanced Pro- And Antiangiogenic Growth Mediators: A Cross-Sectional Study In A Ghanaian Population, Enoch Odame Anto, Peter Roberts, David Anthony Coall, Eric Adua, Cornelius Archer Turpin, Augustine Tawiah, Youxin Wang, Wei Wang

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Optimal oxidative stress (OS) is important throughout pregnancy; however, an increased OS may alter placental angiogenesis culminating in an imbalanced of angiogenic growth mediators (AGMs). Suboptimal Health Status (SHS), a physical state between health and disease, may be associated with increased OS and unbalanced AGMs. In this study, we explored the association between SHS, biomarkers of OS (BOS) and AGMs among normotensive pregnant women (NTN-PW) in a Ghanaian Suboptimal Health Cohort Study (GHOACS). This comparative GHOACS recruited 593 NTN-PW from the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana. SHS was measured using a Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25). Along with the subjective …

Plasma Cysteine/Cystine And Glutathione/Glutathione Disulfide Redox Potentials In Hiv And Copd Patients., Walter H. Watson, Jeffrey D. Ritzenthaler, Paula Peyrani, Timothy L. Wiemken, Stephen P. Furmanek, Andrea Reyes-Vega, Tom J. Burke, Yuxuan Zheng, Julio A. Ramirez, Jesse Roman

Faculty Scholarship

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prevalent in patients infected with HIV. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that systemic oxidation correlates with loss of lung function in subjects with COPD, and that HIV infection can contribute to creating such an environment. Subjects were recruited at the University of Louisville in the following groups: HIV-infected (n = 36), COPD (n = 32), HIV and COPD (n = 28), and uninfected controls with normal lung function (n = 34). HIV infection was assessed by viral load and CD4 cell counts. Pulmonary function was determined by spirometry …

Relationship Between Smoking Habit And Sperm Parameters Among Patients Attending An Infertility Clinic, Rehana Rehman, Nida Zahid, Sofia Amjad, Mukhtiar Baig, Zohair Jamil Gazzaz

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: This study aimed to estimate stress markers, oxidative stress (OS), reproductive hormones and sperm parameters in male smokers and non-smokers and observe the impact of oxidative stress markers and smoking on sperm count, motility and morphology in a selected population of Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to July 2018 at Aga Khan University (AKU), in Karachi, Pakistan. The subjects were recruited from the Sindh Institute of Reproductive Medicine (SIRM), Karachi based on defined inclusion criteria. The subjects were categorized into fertile and infertile based on cut off values of sperm parameters as recommended …

Effect Of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Prevention Or Intervention On Diet Induced Beta Cell Compensation And Dysfunction, Madison Wallace

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progression increases oxidative stress which contributes to beta cell compensation and eventual dysfunction. To investigate the role of antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on beta cell function and pancreatic stellate cell activation (aSMA⁺) during early and late stages of compensation, NAC was used for preventative (p) and intervention (i) treatments in C57BL/6N mice fed a 60% kcal high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 or 22 weeks. Significantly improved glucose tolerance was observed at 22 weeks following pNAC treatment in HFD mice. Although 22-week HFD mice displayed hyperinsulinemia, beta cell hypertrophy, decreased beta cell PDX-1 nuclear localization, …

Effect Of Oxidized Soybean Oil On The Immune Response To Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Modified Live Virus Vaccine In Nursery Pigs, Alongkot Boonsoongnern, Pichai Jirawattanapong, Win Surachetpong, Prapassorn Boonsoongnern, Pariwat Poolperm

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study evaluated the effect of oxidized soybean oil on the immune response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome modified live vaccine (PRRS-MLV), and the oxidative stress status in nursery pigs.Seventycastrated weaned pigs, from a free PRRS virus infected herd, were divided into two groups: treatment group (n=63) and control group (n=7). The treatment pigs were vaccinated with the PRRS-MLV and then divided into three groups based on different diet types containing different soybean oils: (A) 5% fresh oil, (B) 5% heated oil for 43 h, and (C) 5% heated oil for 38 h. The control pigs were not vaccinated …

The Value Of Serum Zinc In Early Detection Of Nephropathy In Type 2 Diabetic Patients, Ahmed R. Tawfeek, Mahmoud A.E.A. Kora, Mahmoud A. Sakr

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective The aim of this research was to study the value of serum zinc in early detection of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Background Zinc is involved in multiple aspects of cellular metabolism. It is required for the catalytic activity of nearly 100 enzymes and it plays a major role in immunity, protein synthesis, wound healing, DNA synthesis, and cell division. Zinc is also important for normal growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence, and is required for proper sense of taste and smell. A daily intake of zinc is required to keep a steady state because …

Obese Mice Exposed To Psychosocial Stress Display Cardiac And Hippocampal Dysfunction Associated With Local Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Depletion, Jacopo Agrimi, Cristina Spalletti, Carlotta Baroni, Gizem Keceli, Guangshuo Zhu, Angela Caragnano, Marco Matteucci, Stephen Chelko, Genaro A. Ramirez-Correa

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Introduction: Obesity and psychosocial stress (PS) co-exist in individuals of Western society. Nevertheless, how PS impacts cardiac and hippocampal phenotype in obese subjects is still unknown. Nor is it clear whether changes in local brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) account, at least in part, for myocardial and behavioral abnormalities in obese experiencing PS.

Methods: In adult male WT mice, obesity was induced via a high-fat diet (HFD). The resident-intruder paradigm was superimposed to trigger PS. In vivo left ventricular (LV) performance was evaluated by echocardiography and pressure-volume loops. Behaviour was indagated by elevated plus maze (EPM) and Y-maze. LV myocardium was …

Characterization Of The Role Of Transcriptional Regulator Of Arac/Xyls Family In Tularemia Pathogenesis, Dina Marghani

NYMC Student Theses and Dissertations

The Tier 1 Select Agent, Francisella tularensis causes an acute and fatal disease known as tularemia. Many studies have devoted enormous efforts to understand how F. tularensis avoids host defense mechanisms, replicates within an extremely secure immune system, and eventually causes the deadly disease tularemia. The extremely high virulence of Francisella depends on its ability to manipulate gene expression according to the surrounding environment. This process requires the involvement of unique transcriptional regulators. Francisella possesses very few transcriptional regulators, and a majority of them characterized to-date have been shown to regulate genes involved in virulence and cellular functions. The role …

Loss Of Nrf2 Results In Decreased Neuronal Arborization And Synaptic Density And Causes Exacerbated Age-Related Cognitive Impairment., Mikah Brandes, Nora Gray, Maya Caruso, Jonathan Zweig, Amala Soumyanath, Joseph F. Quinn

Student Research Symposium

Background: As the brain ages, free radicals accumulate and cause damage to cellular macromolecules. This increased oxidative damage is thought to contribute to the cognitive decline observed in aging. Activation of the antioxidant regulatory transcription factor NRF2 (Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2) has been shown to improve neuronal health in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Yet exactly how NRF2 participates in maintaining synaptic and cognitive function has not been fully elucidated. This study investigates how loss of NRF2 affects synaptic density and cognitive performance in aged mice.

Methods: Dendritic arborization and synaptic was evaluated in hippocampal neurons isolated from mice lacking NRF2 …

Novel Mechanisms And Biomarkers In Alcohol-Induced Organ Injury., Christine E. Dolin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background. Ethanol (EtOH) consumption is known to affect multiple organs; this is unsurprising, as the concentration of EtOH in the blood at relevant doses reaches the millimolar range. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to elucidate mechanisms of alcohol-induced organ injury, specifically the effects of alcohol on the hepatic extracellular matrix (ECM) proteome, the alcoholic hepatitis (AH) plasma peptidome, and the effects of alcohol on the renal cortex proteome and transcriptome. Methods. Mice were pair-fed ethanol-containing liquid diet chronically, and then some mice were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Liver sections from these mice were processed in a series of increasingly …

The Effects Of Intermittent Fasting On Chronic Disease In Adults: A Systematic Review, Brendan Teeters

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This systematic review investigated thirteen primary and secondary research studies from the past 20 years to determine the effects of intermittent fasting on chronic disease in adults through evaluation of biological markers pertaining to inflammation, oxidative stress, and the cardiovascular system. The dependent variables examined included heart rate, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels for cardiovascular risk; leptin and TNF-a for inflammatory risk; and F₂-Isoprostanes and free radicals for oxidative stress biomarkers. The reviewed studies found that there was a decrease in resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood LDL and total cholesterol levels, inflammatory cells, like …

Pnaktide Inhibits Na/K-Atpase Reactive Oxygen Species Amplification And Attenuates Adipogenesis, Komal Sodhi, Kyle Maxwell, Yanling Yan, Jiang Liu, Muhammad Chaudhry, Morgan Getty, Zijian Xie, Nader G. Abraham, Joseph I. Shapiro Md

Muhammad Chaudhry

Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic and is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Oxidative stress is known to play a role in the generation and maintenance of an obesity phenotype in both isolated adipocytes and intact animals. Because we had identified that the Na/K-ATPase can amplify oxidant signaling, we speculated that a peptide designed to inhibit this pathway, pNaKtide, might ameliorate an obesity phenotype. To test this hypothesis, we first performed studies in isolated murine preadipocytes (3T3L1 cells) and found that pNaKtide attenuated oxidant stress and lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Complementary experiments in C57Bl6 mice fed …

A Pilot Study Providing Evidence For A Relationship Between A Composite Lifestyle Score And Risk Of Higher Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: Is There A Link To Oxidative Stress?, Neda Seyedsadjadi, Jade Berg, Ayse A. Bilgin, Ross Grant

Ross Grant

Lifestyle behaviours have been closely linked to the progressive cell damage associated with oxidative stress (OS) and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Early detection of lifestyle-linked OS may therefore be useful in the early identification of prodromal disease. To test this hypothesis, this study assessed the relationship between a comprehensive redox balance lifestyle score (RBLS) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a recognized marker for CVD, and plasma biomarkers of OS. In a cross-sectional study design, 100 apparently healthy middle-aged participants were asked to complete a comprehensive lifestyle questionnaire, followed by DXA scanning, CIMT ultrasonography, and blood collection. The RBLS …

High Glucose, High Fatty Acid-Induced Toxicity, Oxidative And Metabolic Stress And Alterations In Cell Signalling In Pancreatic Rin-5f Cells: Attenuation By N-Acetylcysteine, Arwa Munassar Ali Thabet Alnahdi

Medical Education Dissertations

Hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia are the main causes of diabetes and obesity-associated complications. Increased oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and altered energy metabolism have been associated with hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia. The concept of ‘glucolipotoxicity’ has arisen from the combination of the deleterious effects of the chronic elevation of levels of glucose and fatty acids on pancreatic β-cells’ function and/or survival. The synergistic effect of both nutrients exacerbates β-cells’ dysfunction over time and creates a vicious cycle of impaired insulin secretion and metabolic disturbances. Though numerous studies have been conducted in this field, the exact molecular mechanisms and causative factors still need to …

Lipids, Reactive Oxygen Species, And Health, Heather Bowen

DNP Research Projects

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Coronary artery disease (CAD), where plaque builds up to create atherosclerosis, puts patients at risk for heart attack or stroke. Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) have been implicated as a source of oxidative stress that can lead to the development of CAD, and diets high in fat potentiate this occurrence. As certain fats are heated and experience chemical and physical degradation, they cause an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, various forms of cancer, and CVD. This research study, based on CREATION Health ideals, aimed to evaluate the …

A Bird's-Eye View Of The Multiple Biochemical Mechanisms That Propel Pathology Of Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Advances And Mechanistic Perspectives On How To Halt The Disease Progression Targeting Multiple Pathways., Caleb Vegh, Kyle Stokes, Dennis Ma, Darcy Wear, Jerome Cohen, Sidhartha D. Ray, Siyaram Pandey

Touro College of Pharmacy (New York) Publications and Research

Neurons consume the highest amount of oxygen, depend on oxidative metabolism for energy, and survive for the lifetime of an individual. Therefore, neurons are vulnerable to death caused by oxidative-stress, accumulation of damaged and dysfunctional proteins and organelles. There is an exponential increase in the number of patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s (AD) as the number of elderly increases exponentially. Development of AD pathology is a complex phenomenon characterized by neuronal death, accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, and most importantly loss of memory and cognition. These pathologies are most likely caused by mechanisms including …

The Impact Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder On Peripheral Vascular Function, Jennifer B. Weggen, Kevin P. Decker, Ryan S. Garten

Graduate Research Posters

The physiological manifestations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been associated with an increase in risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) independent of negative lifestyle factors. Peripheral vascular dysfunction may be a mechanism by which PTSD increases CVD risk via increases in oxidative stress, inflammation, and/or sympathetic nervous system activity. PURPOSE: This study sought to examine peripheral vascular function in those with PTSD compared to age-matched controls. METHODS: Eight individuals with PTSD (5 women, 3 men; age 22 ± 2 years), and sixteen healthy controls (CON; 10 women, 6 men, 23 ± 2 years), participated in the study. Leg vascular function …

Mechanistic Study Of Diatrizoic Acid Induced Proximal Tubule Cytotoxicity, Dakota Blake Ward

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Radiocontrast media (RCM) are necessary for many diagnostic procedures such as arteriography, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and computed tomography. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third most common cause of hospital-associated kidney damage accounting for 10-25% of cases worldwide. The mechanisms of contrast-induced renal impairment are not entirely known, but diminished renal hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and direct cytotoxicity have been hypothesized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of direct cytotoxicity observed in HK-2 cells following treatment with diatrizoic acid (DA) and to determine the source of this damage. Mitochondrial function, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative …

Microglia Are Both A Source And Target Of Extracellular Cyclophilin A, Gurkiran Kaur Flora, Ryan S. Anderton, Bruno P. Meloni, Gilles J. Guillemin, Neville W. Knuckey, Gabriella Macdougall, Vance Matthews, Sherif Boulos

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Glioblastoma (GBM) are lethal primary brain tumours whose pathogenesis is aided, at least partly, via a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. This study investigated whether microglia, a cell component of the GBM microenvironment, mediates pro-tumorigenic properties via the action of cyclophilin A (CypA), a potent secretable chemokine and cytoprotectant that signals via the cell surface receptor, CD147. To this end, intracellular and secreted CypA expression was assessed in human primary microglia and BV2 microglial cells treated with the endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the oxidative stress inducer, LY83583. We report that human primary microglia and BV2 microglia both express CypA and CD147, and that …

The Effect Of Hyperglycemic Peak Induced By Oral Glucose Tolerance Test On The Oxidant And Antioxidant Levels, Teki̇n Yildirim, Ayşe Yeşi̇m Göçmen, Zeynep Tuğba Özdemi̇r, Eli̇f Börekci̇, Eli̇f Turan, Yalçin Aral

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The possibility of adverse effects of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) carried out for the screening of gestational diabetes among pregnant women and fetuses is a frequently discussed topic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the hyperglycemia peak during OGTT on the levels of oxidants and antioxidants in the body.Materials and methods: Eighty individuals who applied to the Outpatient Clinic with suspected diabetes and OGTT indication were included in the study. Glucose, total oxidant capacity status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) levels were tested on blood …

Can Apelin Play A Role In The Etiology Of Tinnitus?, Nuray Ensari̇, Özer Erdem Gür, Ni̇lgün Gür, Ömer Tarik Selçuk, Levent Renda, Mustafa Deni̇z Yilmaz, Mehmet Türker Öztürk, Yeşi̇m Çeki̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Tinnitus is seen in 15% of the general population; in 1%-6% of this number, the quality of life is seriously affected by this chronic condition. Chemical, oxidative, and emotional stressors are important in terms of the clinical course of tinnitus. Apelin is an endogenous peptide which is an oxidative stress mediator. It has been shown that the apelin/APJ (apelin junction receptor) system plays various roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of many organs. However, the role of the apelin/APJ system as an oxidative stress mediator in tinnitus is unknown. We investigated the level of apelin in patients with normal …

Polydatin Attenuates Neuronal Loss Via Reducing Neuroinflammation And Oxidative Stress In Rat Mcao Models, Fawad Ali Shah, Lina Al Kury, Tao Li, Alam Zeb, Phil Ok Koh, Fang Liu, Qiang Zhou, Ishtiaq Hussain, Arif Ullah Khan, Yuhua Jiang, Shupeng Li

All Works

Copyright © 2019 Shah, Kury, Li, Zeb, Koh, Liu, Zhou, Hussain, Khan, Jiang and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Ischemic stroke is characterized by permanent or transient obstruction of blood flow, which initiates a cascading pathological process, …

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine As A Biomarker Of Oxidative Stress In Acute Exacerbation Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Xing Liu, Kaili Deng, Sixia Chen, Yunshi Zhang, Jing Yao, Xiaoqin Weng, Yang Zhang, Tianming Gao, Ganzhu Feng

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a biomarker of oxidative stress and has been implicated in many diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical value of plasma 8-OHdG level in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).Materials and methods: A total of 154 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 20 healthy volunteers, 24 COPD patients in the stable phase, and 110 AECOPD patients. Peripheral blood samples, demographic information, and clinical characteristics were collected from all subjects at the time of being recruited into the study. Plasma 8-OHdG level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: 8-OHdG …

Ischemic Modified Albumin As A New Biomarker In Predicting Oxidative Stress In Alopecia Areata, Hati̇ce Ataş, Müzeyyen Gönül, Yasi̇n Öztürk, Mustafa Kavutçu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Results show that oxidative stress is a pathophysiologic factor for alopecia areata (AA); however, the markers used can be confounding. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AA through an evaluation of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA); other markers of the oxidant/antioxidant system, such as SOD, CAT, GSH-ST, and MDA; and contributing clinical risk factors. Materials and methods: The usefulness of IMA as a new marker for oxidative stress was compared with that of other markers and evaluated in patients with AA.Results: The mean serum level of IMA was of higher statistical significance in AA …

Additional Effects Of Erythropoietin Pretreatment, Ischemic Preconditioning, And N-Acetylcysteine Posttreatment In Rat Kidney Reperfusion Injury, Mohammed Elshiekh, Mehri Kadkhodaee, Behjat Seifi, Mina Ranjbaran

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Since the nature of ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced tissue damage is multifactorial and complex, in the current study, the effects of multiple treatment strategies via concomitant administration of erythropoietin (EPO) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) with an ischemic preconditioning (IPC) regimen on renal IR injury were examined.Materials and methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were subjected to bilateral occlusion of the renal pedicles for 50 min followed by reperfusion. EPO (1000 IU/kg) was administered for 3 days, as well as IPC before the IR and NAC (150 mg/kg) administration for 4 days after IR. The animals were randomly allocated into 6 groups (n = …

Determination Of The Role Of Smu_833 In The Fitness And Virulence Of Cariogenic Streptococcus Mutans, Katherine Lynn Rainey

All ETDs from UAB

Dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay, is the most common infectious disease worldwide. The main etiological agent of dental caries is Streptococcus mutans which can readily form a biofilm on the surface of teeth and produce acids through the metabolism of dietary sugars, which is largely responsible for the demineralization and subsequent destruction of tooth enamel. In addition, S. mutans synthesizes extracellular glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) capable of breaking apart dietary sucrose and polymerizing the glucose subunits into the sticky glucan matrix of the biofilm, imperative for the formation of robust, three-dimensional biofilms. Currently used caries therapies are not species-specific and …

Parenteral Ascorbic Acid For Treatment Of Sepsis, Lindsey Hiatt

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Sepsis kills nearly 1 million people each year in the United States and sepsis-related hospitalizations cost approximately $24 billion annually (Paoli, Reynolds, Sinha, Gitlin, & Crouser, 2018). Current treatment guidelines are limited to targeted antibiotics and hemodynamic support. While antibiotics are the definitive treatment to eradicate the infectious pathogen, there are currently no standard-of-care treatments that consistently and successfully attenuate the damage sustained to the body by its own inflammatory response to infection. Many different treatments have been trialed and failed to show improved outcomes. Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, has long been associated with supporting immune function, and has …

The Effect Of N-Acetylcysteine On Inflammation And Oxidative Stress In Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Rat Model, İnayet Güntürk, Cevat Yazici, Sema Kader Köse, Fatma Dağli, Bi̇lal Yücel, Arzu Hanim Yay

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/Aim: Cisplatin is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of solid organ cancers. Besides its chemotherapeutic effectiveness, cisplatin administration is associated with numerous side effects. Of those, the most clinically significant and common effect is nephrotoxicity. Recent studies reported that oxidative stress and inflammation are probably the most important mechanisms that contribute to the nephrotoxicity. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant and antiinflammatory agent. In the present study, the effects of NAC on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity were investigated. Materials and methods: Rats were divided into four groups each including eight rats: CONT, NAC-250, CP, and CP+NAC. Rats in experimental …

Chronic Low Intensity Continuous And Interval Training Prevent Heart Failure-Related Coronary Artery Stiffness, An Ouyang

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Heart failure (HF) induced by aortic pressure over-load is associated with increased coronary artery stiffness. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and advanced glycation end products (AGE) both promote arterial stiffness. However, the mechanisms by which coronary PVAT promotes arterial stiffness and the efficacy of exercise to prevent coronary stiffness are unknown. The present study hypothesized both chronic continuous and interval exercise training would prevent coronary artery stiffness associated with inhibition of PVAT secreted AGE. Yucatan mininature swine were divided into four groups: control-sedentary (CON), aortic-banded sedentary heart failure (HF), aortic-banded HF continuous exercise trained (HF+CONT), and aortic-banded HF interval exercise trained …

The Effects Of Obesity, Chronic Stress, And Exercise On Pancreatic Health, Abigail Tice

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Obesity is concomitant with hyperglycemic conditions, increased proinflammatory cytokines, and increased oxidative stress. Under hyperglycemia, thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is increased and causes increased oxidative stress and pancreatic b-cell apoptosis. Chronic stress is associated with increased glucocorticoid levels and a proinflammatory environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of obesity, chronic stress, and exercise on pancreatic health.

Lean Zucker Rats (LZRs) and Obese Zucker Rats (OZRs) were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) sedentary controls (C: n=8 per); 2) unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) (S: n=8); 3) exercise (E: n=8); and 4) combined UCMS and exercise …