Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Myofilament Calcium Sensitivity: Consequences Of The Effective Concentration Of Troponin I, Jalal K. Siddiqui, Svetlana B. Tikunova, Shane D. Walton, Bin Liu, Meredith Meyer, Pieter P. De Tombe, Nathan Neilson, Peter M. Kekenes-Huskey, Hussam E. Salhi, Paul M.L. Janssen, Brandon J. Biesiadecki, Jonathan P. Davis

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Control of calcium binding to and dissociation from cardiac troponin C (TnC) is essential to healthy cardiac muscle contraction/relaxation. There are numerous aberrant post-translational modifications and mutations within a plethora of contractile, and even non-contractile, proteins that appear to imbalance this delicate relationship. The direction and extent of the resulting change in calcium sensitivity is thought to drive the heart toward one type of disease or another. There are a number of molecular mechanisms that may be responsible for the altered calcium binding properties of TnC, potentially the most significant being the ability of the regulatory domain of TnC to …

Liver Enzymes And Risk Of Ischemic Heart Disease And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Mendelian Randomization Study, Junxi Liu, Shiu Lun Au Yeung, Gabriel M. Leung, C. Mary Schooling

Publications and Research

We used Mendelian randomization to estimate the causal effects of the liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), on diabetes and cardiovascular disease, using genetic variants predicting these liver enzymes at genome wide significance applied to extensively genotyped case-control studies of diabetes (DIAGRAM) and coronary artery disease (CAD)/myocardial infarction (MI) (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D 1000 Genomes). Genetically higher ALT was associated with higher risk of diabetes, odds ratio (OR) 2.99 per 100% change in concentration (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.62 to 5.52) but ALP OR 0.92 (95% CI 0.71 to 1.19) and GGT OR 0.88 (95% CI 0.75 …

Il-15 Activates The Jak3/Stat3 Signaling Pathway To Mediate Glucose Uptake In Skeletal Muscle Cells, James E. Krolopp, Shantaé M. Thornton, Marcia J. Abbott

Health Sciences and Kinesiology Faculty Articles

Myokines are specialized cytokines that are secreted from skeletal muscle (SKM) in response to metabolic stimuli, such as exercise. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a myokine with potential to reduce obesity and increase lean mass through induction of metabolic processes. It has been previously shown that IL-15 acts to increase glucose uptake in SKM cells. However, the downstream signals orchestrating the link between IL-15 signaling and glucose uptake have not been fully explored. Here we employed the mouse SKM C2C12 cell line to examine potential downstream targets of IL-15-induced alterations in glucose uptake. Following differentiation, C2C12 cells were treated overnight with 100 …

Adaptations Of Lumbar Biomechanics After Four Weeks Of Running Training With Minimalist Footwear And Technique Guidance: Implications For Running-Related Lower Back Pain, Szu-Ping Lee, Joshua P. Bailey, Jo Armour Smith, Stephanie Barton, David Brown, Talia Joyce

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Objectives

To investigate the changes in lumbar kinematic and paraspinal muscle activation before, during, and after a 4-week minimalist running training.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

University research laboratory.

Participants

Seventeen habitually shod recreational runners who run 10–50 km per week.

Main outcome measures

During stance phases of running, sagittal lumbar kinematics was recorded using an electrogoniometer, and activities of the lumbar paraspinal muscles were assessed by electromyography. Runners were asked to run at a prescribed speed (3.1 m/s) and a self-selected speed.

Results

For the 3.1 m/s running speed, significant differences were found in the calculated mean lumbar posture …

Seeing The Invisible: Revealing Atrial Ablation Lesions Using Hyperspectral Imaging Approach, Narine Muselimyan, Luther Swift, Huda Asfour, Tigran Chahbazian, Ramesh Mazhari, Marco Mercader, Narine Sarvazyan

Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Publications

Background

Currently, there are limited means for high-resolution monitoring of tissue injury during radiofrequency ablation procedures.

Objective

To develop the next generation of visualization catheters that can reveal irreversible atrial muscle damage caused by ablation and identify viability gaps between the lesions.

Methods

Radiofrequency lesions were placed on the endocardial surfaces of excised human and bovine atria and left ventricles of blood perfused rat hearts. Tissue was illuminated with 365nm light and a series of images were acquired from individual spectral bands within 420-720nm range. By extracting spectral profiles of individual pixels and spectral unmixing, the relative contribution of ablated …

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase 2 Regulates Lps-Induced Inflammation And Alveolar Remodeling In The Developing Lung., Heather Menden, Sheng Xia, Sherry M. Mabry, Angels Navarro, Michael F. Nyp, Venkatesh Sampath

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

In premature infants, sepsis is associated with alveolar simplification manifesting as bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The redox-dependent mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced inflammation and alveolar remodeling in the immature lung remain unclear. We developed a neonatal mouse model of sepsis-induced lung injury to investigate whether nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammation and alveolar remodeling. Six-day-old NOX2

Methylphenidate And Memory And Attention Adaptation Training For Persistent Cognitive Symptoms After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Brenna C. Mcdonald, Laura A. Flashman, David B. Arciniegas, Robert J. Ferguson, Li Xing, Jaroslaw Harezlak, Gwen C. Sprehn, Flora M. Hammond, Arthur C. Maerlender, Carrie L. Kruck, Karen L. Gillock, Kim Frey, Rachel N. Wall, Andrew J. Saykin, Thomas W. Mcallister

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty and Staff Publications

The purpose of this multicenter, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two cognitive rehabilitation interventions (Memory and Attention Adaptation Training (MAAT) and Attention Builders Training (ABT)), with and without pharmacologic enhancement (i.e., with methylphenidate (MPH) or placebo), for treating persistent cognitive problems after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Adults with a history of TBI at least four months prior to study enrollment with either objective cognitive deficits or subjective cognitive complaints were randomized to receive MPH or placebo and MAAT or ABT, yielding four treatment combinations: MAAT/MPH (N=17), ABT/MPH (N=19), MAAT/placebo (N=17), and ABT/placebo (N=18). …

Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition Leads To Disease-Stage Differences In Circulating Tumor Cell Detection And Metastasis In Pre-Clinical Models Of Prostate Cancer, Lori E. Lowes, David Goodale, Ying Xia, Carl Postenka, Matthew M. Piaseczny, Freeman Paczkowski, Alison L. Allan

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Metastasis is the cause of most prostate cancer (PCa) deaths and has been associated with circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The presence of >= 5 CTCs/7.5mL of blood is a poor prognosis indicator in metastatic PCa when assessed by the CellSearch (R) system, the "gold standard" clinical platform. However, similar to 35% of metastatic PCa patients assessed by CellSearch (R) have undetectable CTCs. We hypothesize that this is due to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and subsequent loss of necessary CTC detection markers, with important implications for PCa metastasis. Two pre-clinical assays were developed to assess human CTCs in xenograft models; one comparable …

Mesenteric Vascular Dysregulation And Intestinal Inflammation Accompanies Experimental Spinal Cord Injury, Emily Swartz Besecker, Gina M. Deiter, Nicole Pironi, Timothy K. Cooper, Gregory Michael Holmes

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Cervical and high thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) drastically impairs autonomic nervous system function. Individuals with SCI at thoracic spinal-level 5 (T5) or higher often present cardiovascular disorders that include resting systemic arterial hypotension. Gastrointestinal (GI) tissues are critically dependent upon adequate blood flow and even brief periods of visceral hypoxia triggers GI dysmotility. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that T3-SCI induces visceral hypoperfusion, diminished postprandial vascular reflexes and concomitant visceral inflammation. We measured in vivo systemic arterial blood pressure and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and duodenal blood flow in anesthetized T3-SCI rats at 3 …

Chronic Binge Alcohol Administration Dysregulates Hippocampal Genes Involved In Immunity And Neurogenesis In Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques, John K Maxi, Matt Dean, Jovanny Zabaleta, Krzysztof Reiss, Gregory J. Bagby, Steve Nelson, Peter J. Winsauer, Francesca Peruzzi, Patricia E. Molina

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Alcohol use disorders (AUD) exacerbate neurocognitive dysfunction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV+) patients. We have shown that chronic binge alcohol (CBA) administration (13-14 g EtOH/kg/wk) prior to and during simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in rhesus macaques unmasks learning deficits in operant learning and memory tasks. The underlying mechanisms of neurocognitive alterations due to alcohol and SIV are not known. This exploratory study examined the CBA-induced differential expression of hippocampal genes in SIV-infected (CBA/SIV+; = 2) macaques in contrast to those of sucrose administered, SIV-infected (SUC/SIV+; = 2) macaques. Transcriptomes of hippocampal samples dissected from brains obtained at necropsy (16 …

Localization And Distribution Of Primary Cilia In The Adult Mouse Heart, Ali Zarban, Hannah C. Saternos, Andrea L. Kalinoski, Lijun Liu, Surya M. Nauli, Wissam A. Aboualaiwi

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Although primary cilia have been shown to play crucial roles in the development of embryonic mouse heart, their presence and function in adult mouse heart remains controversial. In this study, the presence of primary cilia in adult mouse heart was investigated. The presence of primary cilia was initially demonstrated in the surface of cardiac cells of mouse hearts from both young and adult mice by immunostaining with acetylated α-tubulin, a ciliary structural marker. The presence of cardiac primary cilia in 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month old mice was further confirmed by staining heart tissues with an antibody against pericentrin, a …

Assessment Of Diastolic Function In Single-Ventricle Patients After The Fontan Procedure., Renee Margossian, Lynn A. Sleeper, Gail D. Pearson, Piers C. Barker, Luc Mertens, Michael D. Quartermain, Jason T. Su, Girish S. Shirali, Shan Chen, Steven D. Colan, Pediatric Heart Network Investigators

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Patients with functional single ventricles after the Fontan procedure have abnormal cardiac mechanics. The aims of this study were to determine factors that influence diastolic function and to describe associations of diastolic function with current clinical status.

METHODS: Echocardiograms were obtained as part of the Pediatric Heart Network Fontan Cross-Sectional Study. Diastolic function grade (DFG) was assessed as normal (grade 0), impaired relaxation (grade 1), pseudonymization (grade 2), or restrictive (grade 3). Studies were also classified dichotomously (restrictive pattern present or absent). Relationships between DFG and pre-Fontan variables (e.g., ventricular morphology, age at Fontan, history of volume-unloading surgery) and …

Parental Refusal Of Surgery In An Infant With Tricuspid Atresia., Alexander A. Kon, Angira Patel, Steven Leuthner, John Lantos

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

We present a case of a fetal diagnosis of tricuspid atresia (TA). The pregnant woman and her husband requested that the baby be treated with only palliative care. The cardiologist did not think it would be appropriate to withhold life-prolonging surgery once the infant was born. The neonatologist argued that outcomes for TA are similar to those for hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and the standard practice at the institution was to allow parents to choose surgery or end-of-life care for those infants. The team requested an ethics consultation to assist in determining whether forgoing life-prolonging interventions in this case would …

Grave’S Anatomy: Abolitionists, Body Snatchers, And The Demise Of Winchester Medical College, Kaylyn L. Sawyer

The Gettysburg Compiler: On the Front Lines of History

A census in 1890 listed Chris Baker’s occupation as “Anatomical Man.” While the title sounds like that one of today’s superheroes, the nineteenth century existence of this vocation kept people from lingering around medical colleges after dark. By day, Chris Baker worked as a janitor for the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond. By night, he had the darker task of obtaining corpses for the school. He was a “resurrectionist,” and he was not alone in his eerie nocturnal task of preying on the powerless and recently interred with a shovel, bag, and cart close at hand. Until legislation governing …

Human Anatomy & Physiology Society ( Haps ) Southern Regional Meeting 2016, Cheryl Purvis

Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches and Lectures

No abstract provided.

Regulation Of Amyloid Oligomer Binding To Neurons And Neurotoxicity By The Prion Protein-Mglur5 Complex, Flavio H. Beraldo, Valeriy G. Ostapchenko, Fabiana A. Caetano, Andre L. S. Guimaraes, Giulia D. S. Ferretti, Nathalie Daude, Lisa Bertram, Katiane O. P. C. Nogueira, Jerson L. Silva, David Westaway, Neil R. Cashman, Vilma R. Martins, Vania F. Prado, Marco A. M. Prado

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

The prion protein (PrPC) has been suggested to operate as a scaffold/receptor protein in neurons, participating in both physiological and pathological associated events. PrPC, laminin, and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) form a protein complex on the plasma membrane that can trigger signaling pathways involved in neuronal differentiation. PrPC and mGluR5 are co-receptors also for -amyloid oligomers (AOs) and have been shown to modulate toxicity and neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease. In the present work, we addressed the potential crosstalk between these two signaling pathways, laminin-PrPC-mGluR5 or AO-PrPC-mGluR5, as well as their interplay. Herein, we demonstrated that an existing complex …

Noncanonical Sqstm1/P62-Nrf2 Pathway Activation Mediates Proteasome Inhibitor Resistance In Multiple Myeloma Cells Via Redox, Metabolic And Translational Reprogramming., Irene Riz, Teresa S Hawley, Jeffrey W Marsal, Robert G Hawley

Anatomy and Regenerative Biology Faculty Publications

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by the accumulation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow, with drug resistance being a major cause of therapeutic failure. We established a carfilzomib-resistant derivative of the LP-1 MM cell line (LP-1/Cfz) and found that the transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2; gene symbol NFE2L2) contributes to carfilzomib resistance. The mechanism of Nrf2 activation involved enhanced translation of Nrf2 as well as its positive regulator, the autophagy receptor sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1)/p62. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor gene EIF4E3 was among the Nrf2 target genes upregulated in LP-1/Cfz cells, suggesting existence …

Vacht Overexpression Increases Acetylcholine At The Synaptic Cleft And Accelerates Aging Of Neuromuscular Junctions, Satoshi Sugita, Leland L. Fleming, Caleb Wood, Sydney K. Vaughan, Matheus P. S. M. Gomes, Wallace Camargo, Ligia A. Naves, Vania F. Prado, Marco A. M. Prado, Cristina Guatimosim, Gregorio Valdez

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Background: Cholinergic dysfunction occurs during aging and in a variety of diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, it remains unknown whether changes in cholinergic transmission contributes to age-and disease-related degeneration of the motor system. Here we investigated the effect of moderately increasing levels of synaptic acetylcholine (ACh) on the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), muscle fibers, and motor neurons during development and aging and in a mouse model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: Chat-ChR2-EYFP (VAChTHyp) mice containing multiple copies of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1G93A), and Chat-IRES-Cre and tdTomato transgenic mice were used in this …

Deferoxamine Preventable Hepatocellular Damage, Following Hemorrhagic Shock, Charles F. Babbs, David W. Griffin

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Working Papers

To examine the role of iron in mediating hepatocellular damage during reperfusion after hemorrhagic shock, we studied five groups of n=4 or 5 dogs, bled to reduce mean arterial pressure to 35 mmHg (± 5mrnHg) for three hours and subsequently treated 20 minutes prior to reinfusion of shed blood with either 0.9% saline, 5 ml/kg; deferoxamine, 50 μg/kg in 0.9% saline; 6% pentastarch solution, 5 ml/kg; deferoxamine covalently bound to 6% pentastarch, 50 μg/kg; or iron loaded deferoxamine in 0.9% saline. Saturation of iron binding capacity increased during hemorrhagic shock and remained high in all but the def eroxamine pentastarch …

Tgf-Β Signaling: New Insights Into Aortic Aneurysms, Sean E. Thatcher

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Preterm Neonatal Lateral Ventricle Volume From Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Is Not Strongly Correlated To Two-Dimensional Ultrasound Measurements, Jessica Kishimoto, Sandrine De Ribaupierre, Fateme Salehi, Walter Romano, David S. C. Lee, Aaron Fenster

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

The aim of this study is to compare longitudinal two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound (US) estimates of ventricle size in preterm neonates with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) using quantitative measurements of the lateral ventricles. Cranial 2-D US and 3-D US images were acquired from neonatal patients with diagnosed PHVD within 10 min of each other one to two times per week and analyzed offline. Ventricle index, anterior horn width, third ventricle width, and thalamo-occipital distance were measured on the 2-D images and ventricle volume (VV) was measured from 3-D US images. Changes in the measurements between successive image sets …

The Effect Of Bony Parameters On The Pediatric Knee: Normal Versus Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Versus Tibial Spine Avulsion Fracture., Kenneth A. Shaw, Brian S. Dunoski, Neil J. Mardis, Donna M. Pacicca

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Purpose  Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries can present as a ligamentous disruption or avulsion fracture of the tibial spine in pediatric patients. Differences in knee morphometric parameters have been investigated between pediatric cohorts with ACL disruptions and tibial spine avulsion fractures. However, no study to date has compared morphometric parameters in patients with tibial spine avulsion fracture against a control population. Methods  A retrospective review of pediatric patients undergoing knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies was performed, identifying 15 patients with tibial spine avulsion fracture between January 1, 2009, and January 1, 2013. Inclusionary criteria consisted of patients who sustained …

Early Cumulative Supplemental Oxygen Predicts Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia In High Risk Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns., Katherine C. Wai, Michael A. Kohn, Roberta A. Ballard, William E. Truog, Dennis M. Black, Jeanette M. Asselin, Philip L. Ballard, Elizabeth E. Rogers, Roberta L. Keller, Trial Of Late Surfactant (Tolsurf) Study Group

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic accuracy of early cumulative supplemental oxygen (CSO) exposure for prediction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death, and to evaluate the independent association of CSO with BPD or death.

STUDY DESIGN: We performed a secondary analysis of the Trial of Late Surfactant, which enrolled 511 infants born at ≤28 weeks gestational age who were mechanically ventilated at 7-14 days of life. Our primary outcome was BPD or death at 36 weeks postmenstrual age, as determined by a physiological oxygen/flow challenge. Average daily supplemental oxygen (fraction of inspired oxygen - 0.21) was calculated. CSO was calculated as …

Walking Performance Is Positively Correlated To Calf Muscle Fiber Size In Peripheral Artery Disease Subjects, But Fibers Show Aberrant Mitophagy: An Observational Study, Sarah H. White, Mary M. Mcdermott, Robert L. Sufit, Kate Kosmac, Alex W. Bugg, Marta Gonzalez-Freire, Luigi Ferrucci, Lu Tian, Lihui Zhao, Ying Gao, Melina R. Kibbe, Michael H. Criqui, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Charlotte A. Peterson

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Background: Patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) have decreased mobility, which is not fully explained by impaired blood supply to the lower limb. Additionally, reports are conflicted regarding fiber type distribution patterns in PAD, but agree that skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration is impaired.

Methods: To test the hypothesis that reduced muscle fiber oxidative activity and type I distribution are negatively associated with walking performance in PAD, calf muscle biopsies from non-PAD (n = 7) and PAD participants (n = 26) were analyzed immunohistochemically for fiber type and size, oxidative activity, markers of autophagy, and capillary density. Data were …

Human Metapneumovirus Induces Reorganization Of The Actin Cytoskeleton For Direct Cell-To-Cell Spread, Farah El Najjar, Nicolás Cifuentes-Muñoz, Jing Chen, Haining Zhu, Ursula J. Buchholz, Carole L. Moncman, Rebecca Ellis Dutch

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Paramyxovirus spread generally involves assembly of individual viral particles which then infect target cells. We show that infection of human bronchial airway cells with human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a recently identified paramyxovirus which causes significant respiratory disease, results in formation of intercellular extensions and extensive networks of branched cell-associated filaments. Formation of these structures is dependent on actin, but not microtubule, polymerization. Interestingly, using a co-culture assay we show that conditions which block regular infection by HMPV particles, including addition of neutralizing antibodies or removal of cell surface heparan sulfate, did not prevent viral spread from infected to new target cells. …

Rigorous Program Aids In 99 Percentile Score, Mark D. Weinstein

News Releases

Cedarville University’s human biology students are excelling nationally. Last year, Cindy Wingert, assistant professor of biology, administered the Human Anatomy and Physiology Society’s (HAPS) exam for her Human Structure and Function class. Wingert’s class achieved such a high average score that they ranked at the 99 percentile nationally.

The HAPS comprehensive exam was established in June of 1993 as a standardized assessment form for two semester undergraduate anatomy and physiology courses. The validated exam is administered online in a secure platform. The exam allowed Wingert to compare the performance of her class with the rest of the nation. Class results …

Morphological And Biochemical Adaptive Changes Associated With A Short-Period Starvation Of Adult Male Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japonica), Yasser Ahmed, Soha A. Soliman, Mohammed Abdelsabour-Khalaf

Histology Collection

Objective: The morphological and biochemical impact of a short-period of starvation on Japanese quail was investigated.

Materials and Methods: Ten adult male Japanese quail were divided into two groups; control fed and starved. The control-fed group was offered food and water ad libitum and the starved group was subjected to a short-period of food deprivation. After 2.5 days, the serum was obtained and different parameters including the total protein, AST, ALT, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, creatinine and urea were assessed. Gastrointestinal tract, stomach and liver were excised and their masses were estimated. Paraffin and resin embedded sections from the proventriculus, gizzard, …

The Effects Of The Yes You Can! Curriculum On The Sexual Knowledge And Intent Of Middle School Students, Joseph Donnelly, Robert Horn, Michael Young, Andrada E. Ivanescu

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

BACKGROUND

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of the “Yes You Can!” (YYC) curriculum on sexual knowledge and behavioral intent of program participants.

METHODS

Participants included students ages 10‐14 from schools in a northeast US urban area. Yes You Can! program lessons were designed to support healthy relationships. The curriculum was taught by trained instructors. The testing instrument was a 30‐item questionnaire, which included sexual knowledge and intent items. Students completed the questionnaire before program implementation, immediately following intervention, and a third time at follow‐up. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. …

Role Of Spinophilin In Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Endocytosis, Signaling, And Synaptic Plasticity, Andrea R. Di Sebastiano, Sandra Fahim, Henry A. Dunn, Cornelia Walther, Fabiola M. Ribeiro, Sean P. Cregan, Stephane Angers, Susanne Schmid, Stephen S. G. Ferguson

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Activation of Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) activates signaling cascades, resulting in calcium release from intracellular stores, ERK1/2 activation, and long term changes in synaptic activity that are implicated in learning, memory, and neurodegenerative diseases. As such, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying Group I mGluR signaling is important for understanding physiological responses initiated by the activation of these receptors. In the current study, we identify the multifunctional scaffolding protein spinophilin as a novel Group I mGluR-interacting protein. We demonstrate that spinophilin interacts with the C-terminal tail and second intracellular loop of Group I mGluRs. Furthermore, we show that interaction …

High-Sensitivity Mass Spectrometry For Probing Gene Translation In Single Embryonic Cells In The Early Frog (Xenopus) Embryo, Camille Lombard-Banek, Sally Ann Moody, Peter Nemes

Anatomy and Regenerative Biology Faculty Publications

Direct measurement of protein expression with single-cell resolution promises to deepen the understanding of basic molecular processes during normal and impaired development. High-resolution mass spectrometry provides detailed coverage of the proteomic composition of large numbers of cells. Here we discuss recent mass spectrometry developments based on single-cell capillary electrophoresis that extend discovery proteomics to sufficient sensitivity to enable the measurement of proteins in single cells. The single-cell mass spectrometry system is used to detect a large number of proteins in single embryonic cells in blastomeres in the 16-cell embryo of the South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) that give rise …