Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Experiences Of Community And Parental Violence Among Hiv Positive Young Racial/Ethnic Minority Men Who Have Have With Men, Sheldon D. Fields

Sheldon D. Fields

Adolescents and young adults (ages 13–24) in the USA are frequently exposed to violence in their community and home. While studies have examined the prevalence and impact of violence exposure among adolescents, there is a lack of data focusing specifically on adolescent men of color who have sex with men. Eight demonstration sites funded through a Special Projects of National Significance (SPNS) Initiative recruited 363 HIV-positive racial/ethnic minority young men who have sex with men (YMSM) for a longitudinal study between 2006 and 2009. Over two-thirds of participants (83.8%) had witnessed community violence, 55.1% in the prior three months. Witnessing …

Core Competencies For Clinical Supervisors, David Kalman, Stephanie Rodrigues

Stephanie Rodrigues

This chapter provides useful strategies that will help guide clinical supervisors who oversee and support the work of MISSION-VET Case Managers and Peer Support Specialists. It includes an overview of the MISSION-VET supervisor’s role and a description of each team member’s primary area of responsibility within the MISSION-VET program. The remainder of the chapter describes key strategies that MISSION-VET supervisors will need in order to establish productive working relationships with MISSION Case Managers and Peer Support Specialists. These strategies, which are designed to foster a strong supervisory alliance and assure that services are being delivered with fidelity to the MISSION-VET …

Introduction, Thomas L. Shaffer

Thomas L. Shaffer

No abstract provided.

More Than "Mentally-Ill": Differentiating Help-Seeking From Mental-Illness Stigma In A College Population, Jeritt Ross Tucker

Jeritt R. Tucker

Two disparate and long-standing lines of research exist: studies of the stigma of mental illness (e.g., Link et al., 1989) and studies of the self-stigma of seeking psychological help (e.g., Vogel, Wade, & Haake, 2006). While some researchers implicitly treat these two constructs as synonymous (e.g., Corrigan, Watson, & Barr, 2006), others make the argument that they are theoretically and empirically distinct (e.g., Ben-Porath, 2002). To help clarify this debate, the present investigation examined measures of both constructs among 729 undergraduate students at a large Midwestern University. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that, while there is a strong correlation between the …

Progressive Levels Of Physical Dependence To Tobacco Coincide With Changes In The Anterior Cingulum Bundle Microstructure, Wei Huang, Joseph R. Difranza, David N. Kennedy, Nanyin Zhang, Douglas M. Ziedonis, W. W. Sanouri A. Ursprung, Jean A. King

Douglas M. Ziedonis

BACKGROUND: The tobacco withdrawal syndrome indicates the development of neurophysiologic dependence. Clinical evidence indicates that neurophysiologic dependence develops through a set sequence of symptom presentation that can be assessed with a new 3-item survey measure of wanting, craving, and needing tobacco, the Level of Physical Dependence (PD). This study sought to determine if advancing neurophysiologic dependence as measured by the Level of PD correlates with characteristics of white matter structure measured by Fractional Anisotropy (FA).

METHODS: Diffusion-MRI based FA and diffusion tensor imaging probabilistic tractography were used to evaluate 11 smokers and 10 nonsmokers. FA was also examined in relation …

The Effectiveness Of Educational Interventions In Reducing Negative Attitudes And Stigmatisation Toward Patients With Anorexia Nervosa, Amy Bannatyne, Peta Stapleton

Peta B. Stapleton

It is frequently reported that clinicians across a range of professional disciplines experience strong negative reactions toward patients with eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa (AN). As research consistently demonstrates fear of stigma is the most frequently cited reason explaining why individuals with mental illness do not seek treatment, the current study aimed to develop, evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two differing educational interventions, based on an etiological framing model, against a wait-list control. Participants were fourth-year medicine students randomly assigned to one of three conditions. A three-hour educational workshop was delivered to participants at the beginning of an eight-week …

Hierarchical Vector Auto-Regressive Models And Their Applications To Multi-Subject Effective Connectivity, Cristina Gorrostieta, Mark Fiecas, Hernando Ombao, Erin Burke, Steven Cramer

Mark Fiecas

Burden Of Stigma On Mentally Ill And Social Exclusion, Amresh Srivastava

Amresh Srivastava

Stigma of mental illness causes great burden on the patients and their families. It leads to discrimination, social exclusion and personal isolation. It occurs across all social, economic, and cultural class and geographical regions. As one of the greatest barrier to treatment and outcome, it is a potential clinical risk which leads to suicide, violence, physical impairment, physical illnesses, unemployment, and economic deprivation. People having mental illness suffer prejudice due to stigma. Anti-stigma measure is focussed on public health. Answer to stigma lies in personalised interventions. We carried out systematic studies to understand patient and family’s perception, and proposed clinical …

The Impact Of A Mental Health-Related Diagnosis On Readmission Rates For Heart Failure, Ronald S. Freudenberger Md, Carol A. Foltz Phd, Lou Lukas Md, Donna F. Petruccelli Crnp, Hannah D. Paxton Rn, Mph, Victoria Sabella Bsn

Ronald S Freudenberger MD

No abstract provided.

Interpreting Children's Dreams Through Humanistic Sandtray Therapy, Karrie L. Swan, April A. Schottelkorb

April A. Schottelkorb

Children’s dreams often depict waking-life events and experiences. Although dream work therapy for adults is fairly established, recommendations for processing children’s dreams appear fractional. Because of the distinct developmental needs of children, we postulated that sandtray therapy might assist children to express and discover enlarged meanings in dreams. In this article, we present the Sandtray for Interpreting Childhood Dreams (SICD) intervention for the purpose of potentially helping children gain insight into how their dreams may be related to past and present waking-life experiences. An explanation and application of the model is presented, and the developmental rationale for using the SICD …

Welcome To The Journal Of Evolution And Health, Aaron Blaisdell, Paul Jaminet, David C. Pendergrass

Aaron P Blaisdell

Welcome to the first issue of the Journal of Evolution and Health! The Journal of Evolution and Health is the peer-reviewed, open-access journal of the Ancestral Health Society, a community of scientists, healthcare professionals, and laypersons who collaborate to understand health challenges from an evolutionary perspective.

Risk Level And Range Of Suicidality Amongst Non-Attempting Early Psychosis Patients., Amresh Srivastava, Megan Johnston, Charles Nelson, Robboe Campbell

Amresh Srivastava

Purpose: Patients who are not admitted with a suicide attempt also kill themselves in post discharge period. The purpose of the study was to examine suicide risk of those patients who are not admitted due to a suicide attempt. Methods: Sixty inpatients with early psychosis were assessed in a naturalistic cross-sectional, cohort study. Standard tools for measurement of psychopathology were used. Range of suicidality and its severity was studied using a locally developed suicide assessment instrument, Scale for Impact of Suicidality-Management, Assessment and Planning of Care (SIS-MAP). Results: Out of 60 patients, 32-showed severe suicidality and 28-showed low suicidality. Characteristics …

Quantification Of Stigma For Clinical Assessment In Psychiatric Practice’ - A Paradigm Shift In Anti-Stigma Intervention: Using Newly Developed Scale (Stigma Quantification Scale ‘Sqs’)., Amresh Srivastava

Amresh Srivastava

Purpose: Objective of the project was to develop a quantification tool for measurement of stigma in clinical practice for the purpose of identifying patients who have suffered severe stigma with the hopes of identifying and treating stigma related issues. Methods: Our tool which includes 49 items, quantifies four domains of stigma: (1) Personal; (2) Family; (3) Social; and (4) Illness. In addition, the items are distributed into three subscales: (a) self-experience; (b) illness related consequences; and (c) coping strategies. Results: In this pilot study conducted in India, we present the scale details and results. We found that as age increased …

Re-Hospitalization Of Psychiatric Patients: The Patients, Or The Illness And Treatment?, Amresh Srivastava, Robbie Campbell, Megan Johnston, Ruth Mooser, Larry Stitt

Amresh Srivastava

Purpose: The goal of this project was to find out why psychiatric patients get hospitalised repeatedly. Studies have found that repeated hospitalization leads to economic drain, disability, poor outcome, stigma and discrimination. Hospitalization consumes more than 90% of mental health budgets. Identifying the potential risk factors for repeated hospitalization, interrelationships between risk factors, and vulnerability will help us take the appropriate measures to prevent hospitalization and promote care in the community. Logistically, there are three possible factors which may lead to repeated hospitalization: (1) Characteristics of the patient; (2) Nature of the illness; and (3) The management of the illness …

Family Sources Of Educational Gender Inequality In Rural China: A Critical Assessment, Emily Hannum, Peggy Kong, Yuping Zhang

Yuping Zhang

In this paper, we investigate the gender gap in education in rural northwest China. We first discuss parental perceptions of abilities and appropriate roles for girls and boys; parental concerns about old-age support; and parental perceptions of different labor market outcomes for girls' and boys' education. We then investigate gender disparities in investments in children, children's performance at school, and children's subsequent attainment. We analyze a survey of nine to twelve year-old children and their families conducted in rural Gansu Province in the year 2000, along with follow-up information about subsequent educational attainment collected seven years later. We complement our …

Can I Sit Here? A Review Of The Literature Supporting The Use Of Single-User Virtual Environments To Help Adolescents With Autism Learn Appropriate Social Communication Skills, Julie Elaine N. Irish

Julie Elaine Irish

Physical Activity For Health And Longevity, Andre M. Müller, Selina Khoo

Andre M Müller

The aging process is commonly associated with declines in health, cognitive function and well-being. However, lifestyle factors like diet, alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity were repeatedly highlighted as predictors of a healthy aging process. However, recent research has shown that physical activity is the strongest predictor of health in older adults. Recent studies have confirmed the strong effect of physical activity on cardiovascular, metabolic, musculoskeletal and mental health in this age group, while the World Health Organization and other bodies have published physical activity guidelines. Despite the overwhelming evidence of the positive effects of physical activity older adults around …

16. Child Witnesses And Imagination: Lying, Hypothetical Reasoning, And Referential Ambiguity., Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

The Effects Of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction On Nurse Stress And Burnout: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study, Joanne Cohen-Katz, Susan Wiley, Terry Capuano, Debra Baker, Shauna Shapiro

Terry A Capuano MBA, MSN, RN, FACHE, NE-BC

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction On Nurse Stress And Burnout: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study, Part Iii, Joanne Cohen-Katz, Susan Wiley, Terry Capuano, Debra Baker, Lynn Deitrick, Shauna Shapiro

Terry A Capuano MBA, MSN, RN, FACHE, NE-BC

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction On Nurse Stress And Burnout, Part Ii: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study, Joanne Cohen-Katz, Susan Wiley, Terry Capuano, Debra Baker, Sharon Kimmel, Shauna Shapiro

Terry A Capuano MBA, MSN, RN, FACHE, NE-BC

No abstract provided.

A Survey Of Resilience, Burnout, And Tolerance Of Uncertainty In Australian General Practice Registrars, Georga Cooke, Jenny Doust, Michael Steele

Jenny Doust

Burnout and intolerance of uncertainty have been linked to low job satisfaction and lower quality patient care. While resilience is related to these concepts, no study has examined these three concepts in a cohort of doctors. The objective of this study was to measure resilience, burnout, compassion satisfaction, personal meaning in patient care and intolerance of uncertainty in Australian general practice (GP) registrars. Methods: We conducted a paper-based cross-sectional survey of GP registrars in Australia from June to July 2010, recruited from a newsletter item or registrar education events. Survey measures included the Resilience Scale-14, a single-item scale for burnout, …

Disparities In Access To Healthcare: The Case Of A Drug And Alcohol Abuse Detoxification Treatment Program Among Minority Groups In A Texas Hospital, Alberto Coustasse, Karan P. Singh, Fernando M. Trevino

Alberto Coustasse, DrPH, MD, MBA, MPH

The authors analyzed ethnic/racial disparities in healthcare access and length of stay from a defined population of individuals seeking medical detoxification services at a hospital in Texas. Results indicated Blacks were more likely to be insured compared with Whites, mostly by public insurance, but this did not hold for Hispanics, who were about three times more likely to be uninsured compared with Blacks. In addition, the authors observed lower median of length of stay in the Medicaid category among Hispanics. These results can be explained by aggressive case management, sociocultural barriers, or discriminatory practices, both intentional and unintentional.

Who Participates In Web-Assisted Tobacco Interventions? The Quit-Primo And National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Hi-Quit Studies, Rajani S. Sadasivam, Rebecca L. Kinney, Kathryn L. Delaughter, Sowmya R. Rao, Jessica Hillman Williams, Heather L. Coley, Midge N. Ray, Gregg H. Gilbert, Jeroan J. Allison, Daniel E. Ford, Thomas K. Houston

Rajani S. Sadasivam

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is the most preventable cause of death. Although effective, Web-assisted tobacco interventions are underutilized and recruitment is challenging. Understanding who participates in Web-assisted tobacco interventions may help in improving recruitment.

OBJECTIVES: To understand characteristics of smokers participating in a Web-assisted tobacco intervention (Decide2Quit.org).

METHODS: In addition to the typical Google advertisements, we expanded Decide2Quit.org recruitment to include referrals from medical and dental providers. We assessed how the expanded recruitment of smokers changed the users' characteristics, including comparison with a population-based sample of smokers from the national Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Survey (BRFSS). Using a negative binomial regression, we …

Dimensions Of Suicidality: Analyzing The Domains Of The Sis-Map Suicide Risk Assessment Instrument And The Development Of A Brief Screener, Megan Johnston, Charles Nelson, Amresh Shrivastava

Amresh Srivastava

This study aimed at validating the domains of suicidality assessed by the Scale for Impact of Suicidality—Management, Assessment and Planning of Care (SISMAP) and creating a brief screener based on the full scale. A total of 50 individuals with suicidal ideation were given the SIS-MAP interview. Support was found for these domains of suicide risk; in particular, the subscales of ideation and protective factors for suicide risk were highly reliable. For each domain of suicidality, items most predictive of total risk index scores were selected to create a brief screener aimed at expediting the assessment process. The screener was reliable, …

Cognitive, Affective And Social Processes Involved In Help-Negation After Critical Suicidal Thoughts, Coralie Wilson

Coralie J Wilson

Help-negation is defined as the process of help withdrawal or avoidance found among those currently experiencing clinical and subclinical levels of different forms of psychological distress, including low and critical levels of suicidal ideation (Wilson, Bushnell, Caputi, 2011). Understanding the determinants of help-negation in suicidal samples that have not yet come to treatment provides a potent opportunity to target prevention and early intervention strategies to facilitate appropriate and timely help-seeking. Over 20 help-negation studies have ruled out variables that might explain the withdrawal process associated with suicidal thoughts. These results now point to biological and neurological underpinnings working together with …

Preventing Help-Negation For Suicidal Ideation: Implications For Social Network Size And Frequency Of Social Interaction, Coralie J. Wilson

Coralie J Wilson

Help-negation is seen when the severity of an individual’s suicidal ideation increases and they become less likely to seek help as a result of their condition. Research has implicated distorted affect regulation and perceptual processes related to social support in the development of help-negation among suicidal individuals (Wilson et al., 2013). Future research needs to focus on psycho-social factors that can be linked to neurological processes that differentiate suicidal individuals from controls and are directly implicated in the help-negation processes associated with suicidal ideation. As suicidal individuals have interpersonal needs rejected they may cease to seek or accept help. The …

Role Of Assertiveness In Telephone Crisis Supporter Well-Being And Service Provision, Coralie J. Wilson

Coralie J Wilson

Help-negation (reluctance to seek help as distress levels increase) occurs among Telephone Crisis Supporters (TCSs) who are exposed to suicidal, depressed and anxious callers, and impacts both personal wellbeing and TCSs intention to use recommended skills with callers (Kitchingman, Wilson, Caputi, Woodward, 2013). Assertiveness is a key clinical skill that facilitates the capacity to effectively and confidently deliver telephone crisis support. Due to the highly specific nature of the telephone counselling context, TCSs face challenges in communicating assertively and establishing of boundaries which are important in effective service provision and the maintenance of counsellor-wellbeing. This paper presents results of two …

Help-Negation Among Telephone Crisis Support Workers: Impact On Personal Wellbeing And Worker Performance, Coralie J. Wilson

Coralie J Wilson

Telephone crisis supporters (TCSs) provide front line mental health support to callers in crisis. TCSs often support callers with suicidal thoughts, depression and anxiety, and the caller’s experience of the call will influence whether they will seek help from a crisis support service in the future. Despite their important role, little information on TCSs’ mental health and help-seeking behaviour exists – a structured literature search returned only 2 studies. This paper presents the results of the first study in a national research program that is aiming to inform the future training, preparation, supervision, and support of frontline health professionals who …

Emotion Socialization And Ethnicity: An Examination Of Practices And Outcomes In African American, Asian American, And Latin American Families, Diana M. Morelen, Kristel Thomassin

Diana M. Morelen