Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Small Individual Loans And Mental Health: A Randomized Controlled Trial Among South African Adults, Lia C. H. Fernald, Rita Hamad, Dean Karlan, Emily J. Ozer, Jonathan Zinman

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: In the developing world, access to small, individual loans has been variously hailed as a poverty-alleviation tool – in the context of "microcredit" – but has also been criticized as "usury" and harmful to vulnerable borrowers. Prior studies have assessed effects of access to credit on traditional economic outcomes for poor borrowers, but effects on mental health have been largely ignored.

Methods: Applicants who had previously been rejected (n = 257) for a loan (200% annual percentage rate – APR) from a lender in South Africa were randomly assigned to a "second-look" that encouraged loan officers to approve their …

Evaluation Of The Stability And Validity Of Participant Samples Recruited Over The Internet., Daniel Z Lieberman

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Research conducted via the Internet has the potential to reach important clinical populations of participants who would not participate in traditional studies. Concerns exist, however, about the validity of samples recruited in this manner, especially when participants are anonymous and never have contact with study staff. This study evaluated two anonymous samples that were recruited over the Internet to test an online program designed to help problem drinkers. The two studies were conducted 3 years apart, and different recruitment strategies were utilized. Despite these differences, the two samples were highly similar in demographic and clinical features. Correlations that have been …

Profile Of Alcohol And Drug Indicators For Hillsborough County, Florida, Kathleen A. Moore, M. Scott Young, Ellen Snelling, Sue Carrigan

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Institute Brief: Supporting Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Quality Employment Practices, Alan Kurtz, Melanie Jordan

The Institute Brief Series, Institute for Community Inclusion

It has been known for decades that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), including those with significant impairment or who have behaviors that others find challenging, can work when they are given appropriate supports. It is also clear that individuals with ASD can benefit from employment. Benefits include improved emotional state, greater financial gain, decreased anxiety, greater self-esteem, and greater independence. Nonetheless, employment outcomes for individuals with ASD have traditionally been poor. Even those who do find work are often underemployed or do not hold onto jobs for a long period of time.

Comparing Sexual-Minority And Heterosexual Young Women’S Friends And Parents As Sources Of Support For Sexual Issues, Elizabeth M. Morgan, Carly K. Friedman

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The present study provides a comparative analysis of sexual-minority and heterosexual emerging adult women’s experiences seeking support for sexual issues from parents and friends. Participants included 229 college women (88 sexual-minority women; 141 heterosexual women), ranging in age from 18 to 25 years of age, who provided written responses to an inquiry about a time they went to friends and parents for support for a issue related to their sexuality. Responses indicated that the majority of participants had sought support from either a parent or a friend and that mothers and female friends were more likely involved that fathers or …

Interface Of Cannabis And Early Psychosis--Priorities In Research And Service Development, Amresh Srivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

Introduction: cannabis continues to affect mental health. Its abuse is on rise globally. In Canada a rise by 30% in last ten years has been observed in high school students. Interrelationship of cannabis with psychosis and schizophrenia is a complex one. Cannabis is highly comorbid with psychosis, & related to functional disability and outcome. It poses several challenges in understanding causal relationship for comorbidity, underlying neurochemical basis and specifics of service development. Prevalence of Cannabis varies from 20 to 50% early psychosis. Objective of this paper is to review available literature to identify challenges for newer targets of research and …

Cannabis & Psychosis: The Interface Emerging Frontiers For Research, Amresh Shrivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

INTRODUCTION: CANNABIS CONTINUES TO AFFECT MENTAL HEALTH. ITS ABUSE IS ON RISE GLOBALLY. IN CANADA A RISE BY 30% IN LAST TEN YEARS HAS BEEN OBSERVED IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS. INTERRELATIONSHIP OF CANNABIS WITH PSYCHOSIS AND SCHIZOPHRENIA IS A COMPLEX ONE. CANNABIS IS HIGHLY COMORBID WITH PSYCHOSIS, & RELATED TO FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY AND OUTCOME. IT POSES SEVERAL CHALLENGES IN UNDERSTANDING CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP FOR COMORBIDITY, UNDERLYING NEUROCHEMICAL BASIS AND SPECIFICS OF SERVICE DEVELOPMENT. PREVALENCE OF CANNABIS VARIES FROM 20 TO 50% EARLY PSYCHOSIS. OBJECTIVE OF THIS PAPER IS TO REVIEW AVAILABLE LITERATURE TO IDENTIFY CHALLENGES FOR NEWER TARGETS OF RESEARCH AND …

Differential Characteristics Of “Good Outcome Schizophrenia” In A Long-Term Ten Years Study, Mumbai, India, Amresh Srivastava, Meghan Thakar, Nilesh Shah, Larry Stitt

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

Coping With Clinical Challenges Of Risk Assessment: Towards A New Comprehensive Instrument, Amresh Srivastava, Charles Nelson

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

Coping With Clinical Challenges Of Risk-Assessment, Amresh Srivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

Outcome In Schizophrenia: The Long-Term Good Outcome In Schizophrenia Is Not Yet Good Enough, Amresh Srivastava, Meghan Thakar

Psychiatry Presentations

The illness of schizophrenia has always been a matter of concern for its nature and extent of outcome particularly for its regional and cultural differences. The concept of outcome has been evolving and this study examines the scenario of good outcome in developing countries.

Outcome In Schizophrenia: How Good Is "Good Outcome" Schizophrenia In Long-Term In Developing Countries, Amresh Srivastava, Meghan Thakar, Nilesh Shah, Larry Stitt

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

Complexity And Limitations Of Stress-Endocrine Research In Mental Health, Amresh Srivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

Prevalence Of Mental Health Issues In The Borderlands: A Comparative Perspective, Kathleen A. O'Connor, Robert L. Anders, Hector Balcazar, Jorge Ibarra, Eduardo Perez, Luis Flores, Melchor Ortiz, Nathaniel H. Bean

Departmental Papers (S&A)

The purpose of this paper is to (a) examine the results of a binational study of two colonias near El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, focusing on mental health and (b) analyze those results in relation to the existing literature on Hispanic mental health to determine how border regions compare with Hispanic enclaves in nonborder regions. We focus on gender, birthplace, length of residency, and level of acculturation correlated with self-reported diagnoses of depression in our analysis. Our survey instrument incorporates portions of the Behavioral Risk Factor and Surveillance Survey; the SF36, version 2; and the CAGE scale for …

Punishing My Parents: Juveniles’ Perspectives On Parental Responsibility, Eve M. Brank, Jodi Lane

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Interviews of 147 juveniles in postadjudication residential facilities revealed that the juveniles generally did not believe their parents were responsible for the illegal activities of the juvenile. A vast majority of juveniles said that their parents were not responsible at all and also said that if they had known that their parents would also be punished for their crimes, they would have been less likely to commit the crimes. No patterns emerged for these questions based on the demographic or social characteristics of the juveniles. Implications of the juveniles’ perspective are considered, focusing particularly on the juveniles’ lack of willingness …

Hugo Who? G. F. Arnold’S Alternative Early Approach To Psychology And Law, Brian H. Bornstein, Steven D. Penrod

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Hugo Münsterberg is widely regarded as the founder of the discipline of psychology and law, and the publication of his book On the Witness Stand (1908) is considered the signal event in its founding. However, numerous other researchers were conducting and publishing research on psycholegal topics in the late 1800s and early 1900s, and at least one other book on psychology and law— G. F. Arnold’s Psychology Applied to Legal Evidence and Other Constructions of Law (1906)—appeared prior to the publication of Münsterberg’s work. The present paper contrasts these two seminal publications, focusing on their relevance to the “basic-versus-applied” debate …

The Economic And Social Burden Of Compulsive Hoarding, David F. Tolin, Randy O. Frost, Gail Steketee, Krista D. Gray, Kristin E. Fitch

Psychology: Faculty Publications

The aim of the present study was to determine the economic and social burden of compulsive hoarding in a large sample of individuals with self-identified hoarding, as well as a separate sample of family members of individuals who hoard. Self-identified hoarding participants (N = 864, 94% female, 65% met research criteria for clinically relevant compulsive hoarding) and family informants (N = 655, 58% described a relative who appeared to meet research criteria for compulsive hoarding), completed an internet survey. Questions were derived in part from those used in the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), and when possible, hoarding participants were compared …

Disordered Eating In Undergraduates: Does Gender Role Orientation Influence Men And Women The Same Way?, Mary Pritchard

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Previous studies have examined the influence of femininity on disordered eating behavior in female undergraduates, but few studies have examined the relation between gender roles and disordered eating in male undergraduates. The present study examined whether gender roles relate to disordered eating behaviors the same way in male and female undergraduates. 512 undergraduates (58% female) at a large university in the Pacific West region of the United States responded to a survey asking about eating behaviors and gender role orientation. Women displayed higher levels of disordered eating than did men. Undifferentiated and masculine women had higher levels of disordered eating …

Distinguishing Civil And Criminal Institutional Deprivations Of Liberty: An Analysis Of Expressive Functions, Marc W. Pearce

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A basic function of the criminal justice system is to impose legal punishment through deprivations of liberty. Because deprivations of liberty that flow from civil institutions are not punitive, the distinction between civil and criminal institutional deprivations of liberty arguably hinges on the concept of punishment. Punishment, in turn, may be distinguished from non-punitive sanctions based on its unique expressive function; that is, punishment is defined in part by the special feelings of resentment and judgments of disapproval that it expresses. These feelings and judgments have been labeled “condemnation.” This dissertation explores whether condemnation can be translated into an empirical …

Temperament, Parenting, And Prosocial Behaviors: Applying A New Interactive Theory Of Prosocial Development, Meredith Mcginley

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The primary purpose of the current study was to examine whether theoretically based interactions between dimensions of children’s temperament and maternal socialization predicted children’s and early adolescents’ prosocial (i.e, helping) behaviors. A new theory was derived by examining how an existing interactive model of early moral development, Kochanska’s (1993) theory of early conscience internalization, would apply to the prediction of prosocial behaviors. Aspects of child temperament and maternal socialization were thought to operate in a different manner from Kochanska’s theory. Unlike early conscience internalization, fearful temperament and parental punishment do not appear to promote prosocial behavior. Moreover, it was thought …

Anxiety And Emotion Dysregulation In Daily Life: An Experience-Sampling Comparison Of Social Phobia And Generalized Anxiety Disorder Analogue Groups, Nathan Alan Miller

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Recent research suggests the presence of both common and disorder-specific emotion regulation deficits across the anxiety disorders (Turk et al., 2005), including those that may be uniquely characteristic of social phobia (SP; Kashdan & Breen, 2008; Kashdan & Steger, 2006; Turk et al., 2005). The purpose of the present study was to replicate and expand upon this growing literature in important directions. The initial portion of this study involved administration of relevant self-report symptom, emotion, and emotion regulation survey measures to a large undergraduate sample (N = 784). Scores on several symptom measures were used to create a SP analogue …

Pathways To Change: The Effect Of A Web Application On Treatment Interest., Daniel Z Lieberman, Suena H Massey

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Most individuals with drinking problems do not receive treatment, generally because they do not perceive the need for it. It is difficult to access this population of problem drinkers in order to encourage treatment-seeking. A Web-based program was written, designed to increase motivation for change. The program guided non-treatment-seekers through a multi-stage assessment and provided them with feedback. The level of interest in treatment was measured pre-and post-intervention. Compared to baseline, after the intervention, significantly more individuals rated themselves "very interested" in participating in some form of traditional treatment (19% vs. 28%), and their focus on a specific modality increased.

A Pooled Analysis Of Two Placebo-Controlled Trials Of Desvenlafaxine In Major Depressive Disorder., Daniel Z Lieberman, Stuart A Montgomery, Karen A Tourian, Claudine Brisard, Gregory Rosas, Krishna Padmanabhan, Jean-Michel Germain, Bruno Pitrosky

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of desvenlafaxine (administered as desvenlafaxine succinate) were evaluated in two similarly designed, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, venlafaxine-extended-release-referenced, flexible-dose studies of outpatients with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Owing to a high placebo response, the individual studies were underpowered. Therefore, a post-hoc pooled analysis was performed (desvenlafaxine and placebo data were pooled; venlafaxine extended release data were not, owing to different flexible-dose regimens in the two studies). The primary outcome measure was the change from baseline on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement item score was a secondary …

Relations Among Gender, Violence Exposure, And Mental Health: The National Survey Of Adolescents, Rochelle F. Hanson, Cameo Borntrager, Shannon Self-Brown, Dean G. Kilpatrick, Benjamin E. Saunders, Heidi S. Resnick, Ananda Amstadter

Psychology Faculty Publications

Using a nationally representative sample of 4,008 adolescents, this study examines gender differences in violence exposure, major depressive episode (MDE) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and characteristics of violence incidents. It was hypothesized that there would be gender differences in the types of violence exposure reported as well as the prevalence of MDE and PTSD; and that gender would moderate the relationship between violence exposure and mental health outcomes. Results indicated significant gender differences in rates of violence exposure, PTSD and MDE. Additionally, gender was a moderating variable in the relation between sexual assault and PTSD, but not in the …

When Agencies And Families Come Together: Dealing With Conflict In Building Partnerships, Robyn Boustead, Sheryl Schrepf, Huey Chen, Mary Evans, Andrea K. Blanch, Roger A. Boothroyd

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Mood Symptoms As Comorbidity In Schizophrenia, Amresh Srivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

Supracutaneous Vibrotactile Perception Threshold At Various Non-Glabrous Body Loci, Miriam Bikah, M. Susan Hallbeck, John H. Flowers

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Researchers at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln are currently designing a wearable/portable neutron detector. As an alerting mechanism, the device will transmit vibration to the wearer’s skin in the presence of hazardous levels of neutron radiation. The present study was designed to help in the ergonomically correct body placement of the neutron detection device while providing numerical values for vibratory thresholds at the surface of various non-glabrous body loci. The aim of the study was to investigate the underlying effects of locus stimulated, amount of subcutaneous fat around a specific body site and gender on low frequency vibration thresholds. Thirty-six participants, …

Happiness Research And Cost-Benefit Analysis, Matthew D. Adler, Eric Posner

All Faculty Scholarship

A growing body of research on happiness or subjective well-being shows, among other things, that people adapt to many injuries more rapidly than is commonly thought, fail to predict the degree of adaptation and hence overestimate the impact of those injuries on their well-being, and, similarly, enjoy small or moderate rather than significant changes in well-being in response to significant changes in income. Some researchers believe that these findings pose a challenge to cost-benefit analysis, and argue that project evaluation decision-procedures based on economic premises should be replaced with procedures that directly maximize subjective well-being. This view turns out to …

Caffeine Use: Association With Nicotine Use, Aggression, And Other Psychopathology In Psychiatric And Pediatric Outpatient Adolescents, Catherine A. Martin, Circe Cook, John H. Woodring, Gretchen Burkhardt, Greg Guenthner, Hatim A. Omar, Tom H. Kelly

Psychiatry Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between caffeine use, other drug use, and psychopathology in adolescents, using self-report measures. The study group consisted of 132 adolescents (average age 14.01 ± 2.06 years, 52% female, 19% African American, 5% other categories, 76% Caucasian). Most (47%) were recruited from a child psychiatry clinic with emphasis on youth with disruptive disorders, with 35% from an adolescent pediatric clinic with emphasis on prevention of risk-taking behavior and 18% from a pediatric clinic for families with limited resources. Subjects were consecutively recruited before or after regular clinic visits. Consent was obtained …

Relapse Prevention In Schizophrenia, Amresh Srivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.