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Articles 1 - 25 of 25
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Testing The Effectiveness Of Integrating Community-Based Approaches For Encouraging Abandonment Of Female Genital Cutting Into Care's Reproductive Health Programs In Ethiopia And Kenya, Jane Chege, Ian Askew, Susan Igras, Jacinta Muteshi-Strachan
Testing The Effectiveness Of Integrating Community-Based Approaches For Encouraging Abandonment Of Female Genital Cutting Into Care's Reproductive Health Programs In Ethiopia And Kenya, Jane Chege, Ian Askew, Susan Igras, Jacinta Muteshi-Strachan
Reproductive Health
CARE International, with technical support from the Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program completed a study in Ethiopia and Kenya designed to test the effectiveness of education activities using behavior change communication (BCC) approaches and advocacy activities by religious and other key leaders to abandon female genital cutting (FGC). In Ethiopia, the increased knowledge of harmful FGC effects and human rights issues translated to a positive attitude in support of FGC abandonment and an intention not to cut their daughters in the future. In Kenya, the analysis indicated mixed results in attitude and intended behavior change.
Medicalization Of Female Genital Cutting Among The Abagusii In Nyanza Province, Kenya, Carolyne Njue, Ian Askew
Medicalization Of Female Genital Cutting Among The Abagusii In Nyanza Province, Kenya, Carolyne Njue, Ian Askew
Reproductive Health
This study sought to understand the role that health providers play in the medicalization of female genital cutting (FGC) among the Abagusii community in western Kenya, among whom the practice continues to be almost universal. Interviews with service providers and their clients revealed an overwhelming belief that FGC fulfills a traditional cultural obligation among the Abagusii, and that it limits a woman’s sexual desire and confers respect on girls. New approaches are needed within this community to present FGC as violating human rights and national laws, as well as threatening girls’ and women’s health. The study recommends measures such as …
Informing The Medical Community In Guatemala About Emergency Contraception, Edgar Kestler, Lilian Ramirez
Informing The Medical Community In Guatemala About Emergency Contraception, Edgar Kestler, Lilian Ramirez
Reproductive Health
The general purpose of this project was to increase the awareness of and access to emergency contraception (EC) among the medical community in Guatemala. Specific project objectives included: 1) training three physicians as trainers in all aspects of EC; 2) adapting and disseminating scientific literature and informational materials about the method and about EC programs in Latin America and worldwide; and 3) training at least 250 participants about the characteristics of emergency contraception, its mechanisms of action, and counseling techniques. The project concluded with several lessons for improving dissemination and policy, including: the dissemination workshops had a positive effect on …
Effects Of Igss' Job Aids-Assisted Balanced Counseling Algorithms On Quality Of Care And Client Outcomes, Federico R. Leon, Carlos Brambila, Marisela De La Cruz, John H. Bratt, Gustavo Gutierrez, Veronica Davila, Carlo Boniato, Alex Rios
Effects Of Igss' Job Aids-Assisted Balanced Counseling Algorithms On Quality Of Care And Client Outcomes, Federico R. Leon, Carlos Brambila, Marisela De La Cruz, John H. Bratt, Gustavo Gutierrez, Veronica Davila, Carlo Boniato, Alex Rios
Reproductive Health
This study identified a need to improve the quality of care at the main maternity hospital of the Social Security Institute (IGSS) in Guatemala. Problems included very short counseling sessions, counseling not focused on clients’ needs, redundancy in the role of physicians and social workers as providers, skewed method mix, and low client return rate for method resupply. The intervention, using Balanced Counseling Algorithms, changed the counseling behavior of physicians and social workers and enhanced the quality of family planning care. The report includes recommendations for continuing these improvements: monitoring provider implementation of the job aids–assisted Balanced Counseling Algorithms, monitoring …
Improving Health Care Providers' Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices In Reproductive Health In Rural Romania, Elaine Claire Himelfarb
Improving Health Care Providers' Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices In Reproductive Health In Rural Romania, Elaine Claire Himelfarb
Reproductive Health
To support new health reform initiatives undertaken by the Romanian Ministry of Health and Family, and in support of the USAID Romania strategy for improving women’s reproductive health, Project Concern International/Romania (PCI/R) was awarded a two-year grant to implement a reproductive healthcare project, Healthy Parents-Healthy Children (HP-HC). This project trained family physicians and nurses in rural dispensaries in techniques to improve pre- and postnatal care, including training on modern contraception, cervical and breast cancer screening, treating menopause and its symptoms, and the encouragement of healthy lifestyles. The goal of this OR project was to test the efficacy of interventions to …
Willingness To Pay Surveys For Setting Prices For Reproductive Health Products And Services: A User's Manual, Karen G. Fleischman Foreit, James R. Foreit
Willingness To Pay Surveys For Setting Prices For Reproductive Health Products And Services: A User's Manual, Karen G. Fleischman Foreit, James R. Foreit
Reproductive Health
Social programs need to balance volume (coverage) and revenue (sustainability). The law of demand says that we cannot get both coverage and sustainability at the same time—as prices go up, demand will come down. Client loss with increasing prices is inevitable, except in those cases where starting prices are so low or demand is so high that demand is insensitive to price changes. Willingness to pay surveys allow program managers to simulate price-related changes in demand without actually changing prices, giving them a way to make pricing decisions based on empirical information. In making pricing decisions, managers of social programs …
Integration Of Reproductive Health Services For Men In Health And Family Welfare Centers In Bangladesh, Ubaidur Rob, Sharif M.I. Hossain, M.E. Khan, Ahmed Al-Sabir, Mohammed Ahsanul Alam
Integration Of Reproductive Health Services For Men In Health And Family Welfare Centers In Bangladesh, Ubaidur Rob, Sharif M.I. Hossain, M.E. Khan, Ahmed Al-Sabir, Mohammed Ahsanul Alam
Reproductive Health
Since the mid-1970s, the Bangladesh national family planning program primarily focused on motivating women to use modern contraceptive methods and encouraging them to seek services from clinics. In addition, female field workers were recruited to deliver contraceptive methods at homes. The program design facilitated women’s access to information and medical care through clinics and home visits. In the process, however, the medical needs of males were marginalized. Men generally seek services from pharmacies, private practitioners, and district hospitals, and often ignore preventive steps and postpone seeking medical care for chronic health conditions. In cases of acute illness, they often resort …
Formal And Informal Abortion Services In Rajasthan, India: Results Of A Situation Analysis, Sandhya Barge, Hillary J. Bracken, Batya Elul, Nayan Kumar, Wajahat U. Khan, Shalini Verma, Carol Camlin
Formal And Informal Abortion Services In Rajasthan, India: Results Of A Situation Analysis, Sandhya Barge, Hillary J. Bracken, Batya Elul, Nayan Kumar, Wajahat U. Khan, Shalini Verma, Carol Camlin
Reproductive Health
As part of a Population Council program of research on unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in Rajasthan, the Population Council and the Centre for Operations Research and Training conducted a situation analysis of abortion services in both the formal and informal sectors in six districts. This report offers insights into the availability and organization of abortion services in the sampled areas in Rajasthan. The report also documents a vast array of informal providers who offer services for delayed menstruation or unwanted pregnancy. Informal providers appear particularly accessible to women because they are far more prevalent in rural areas than formal …
Unwanted Pregnancy And Induced Abortion In Rajasthan, India: A Qualitative Exploration, Batya Elul, Hillary J. Bracken, Shalini Verma, Rajani Ved, Rajesh Singhi, Karin Lockwood
Unwanted Pregnancy And Induced Abortion In Rajasthan, India: A Qualitative Exploration, Batya Elul, Hillary J. Bracken, Shalini Verma, Rajani Ved, Rajesh Singhi, Karin Lockwood
Reproductive Health
As part of a Population Council program of research on unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in Rajasthan, the Council and Ibtada conducted a qualitative exploration of attitudes and behaviors regarding unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in Alwar district. The study was intended to lay the groundwork for two quantitative studies on abortion undertaken subsequently in six districts of Rajasthan. The qualitative exploration shows that women, particularly those who are poor, turn to largely untrained community-level providers for abortion services. Additionally, women use home remedies in an often unsuccessful attempt to terminate unwanted pregnancies. Women with greater financial means obtain surgical …
Making Motherhood Safer In Egypt, Karima Khalil, Farzaneh Roudi-Fahimi
Making Motherhood Safer In Egypt, Karima Khalil, Farzaneh Roudi-Fahimi
Reproductive Health
Fewer Egyptian women die of maternal causes today than they did 10 or 15 years ago, due in large part to the national safe motherhood program. Nevertheless, maternal mortality is still relatively high, and the country faces challenges in reducing it further. Many of these challenges involve addressing the delays women face when they need essential obstetric care. In Egypt and other countries, most maternal deaths could be avoided if women had timely access to high-quality emergency obstetric services. Although Egypt’s level of maternal mortality is relatively high by international standards, recent evidence suggests that a woman’s lifetime risk of …
Understanding Induced Abortion: Findings From A Programme Of Research In Rajasthan, India, Population Council
Understanding Induced Abortion: Findings From A Programme Of Research In Rajasthan, India, Population Council
Reproductive Health
In India, abortion has been legal for over 30 years, following the enactment of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act in 1971. While the MTP Act permits abortion for a broad range of social and medical reasons, it also includes provisions regarding delivery of services that have proved to constrain access to safe and legal abortion for the great majority of women in India. Due in part to these constraints, up to 90 percent of the six million induced abortions estimated to occur annually in India are illegal—provided in uncertified settings and/or by uncertified providers. Many are unsafe and …
New Findings From Intervention Research: Youth Reproductive Health And Hiv Prevention, Family Health International
New Findings From Intervention Research: Youth Reproductive Health And Hiv Prevention, Family Health International
Reproductive Health
On September 9, 2003, FRONTIERS/Population Council, Horizons/Population Council, and YouthNet/Family Health International co-sponsored a technical meeting in Washington, DC, “New Findings from Intervention Research: Youth Reproductive Health and HIV Prevention.” Approximately 150 HIV/AIDS, reproductive health, and youth development experts from a diversity of organizations and backgrounds participated. The purpose of the meeting was to disseminate newly available research findings on how to change youth reproductive health/HIV knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in developing countries. The meeting also sought to stimulate discussion on lessons learned, best practices, and recommendations for future youth programs and research. This meeting report summarizes the presentations and …
Scaling Up A Successful Counseling Model In Guatemala, Guatemalan Association Of Female Physicians (Agmm)
Scaling Up A Successful Counseling Model In Guatemala, Guatemalan Association Of Female Physicians (Agmm)
Reproductive Health
This project aimed to improve clients’ ability to make an informed choice of contraceptive methods by scaling up the use of the balanced counseling strategy in public service delivery institutions in Guatemala. To reach this end, the project provided technical assistance to Calidad en Salud (Quality in Health), the leading reproductive health project in Guatemala, to train service providers in public institutions about the counseling methodology. The project successfully introduced the balanced counseling strategy in Guatemala and, as a result, has improved the informed choice of contraceptives in the country.
Integrating Adolescent Livelihood Activities Within A Reproductive Health Program For Urban Slum Dwellers In India, Dale Huntington, Mary Philip Sebastian, Barbara Mensch, Wesley H. Clark, Aditya Narain Singh, Sohini Roychowdhury, M.E. Khan, Nirmala Selvam, Bella C. Patel, Sandhya Barge, Y.P. Gupta, Lovleen Johri, Gita Biswas, Manohar Shenoy
Integrating Adolescent Livelihood Activities Within A Reproductive Health Program For Urban Slum Dwellers In India, Dale Huntington, Mary Philip Sebastian, Barbara Mensch, Wesley H. Clark, Aditya Narain Singh, Sohini Roychowdhury, M.E. Khan, Nirmala Selvam, Bella C. Patel, Sandhya Barge, Y.P. Gupta, Lovleen Johri, Gita Biswas, Manohar Shenoy
Reproductive Health
The Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health (FRONTIERS) program and Policy Research Division, in collaboration with CARE India, conducted an operations research study in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh to examine the feasibility and impact of adding livelihood counseling and training, savings formation activities, and follow-up support to an ongoing reproductive health program for adolescents. The short-term objective of the study was to foster development of alternative socialization processes for adolescent girls that encourage positive sexual and reproductive health behaviors. The study also aimed to produce a replicable model for CARE and other agencies to use in adding livelihood activities to adolescent …
Culturally Appropriate Information, Education And Communication Strategies For Improving Adolescent Reproductive Health In Cusco, Peru, Marco Florez-Arestegui Cornejo, Rosalinda Barreto Silva
Culturally Appropriate Information, Education And Communication Strategies For Improving Adolescent Reproductive Health In Cusco, Peru, Marco Florez-Arestegui Cornejo, Rosalinda Barreto Silva
Reproductive Health
The project Culturally Appropriate Information, Education and Communication Strategies for Improving Adolescent Reproductive Health in Cusco, Peru was designed in response to the evident lack of information and education on adolescent reproductive health in the country and, in particular, in the rural areas of the department of Cusco. Research revealed that a great need for sexual and reproductive health information still exists among indigenous adolescents in the rural areas of the region and that sexual education programs have to be sustainable. This report recommends that the Ministry of Education train more teachers in sexual and reproductive health topics, taking into …
Involving Men In Maternity Care: South Africa, Busi Kunene, Mags Beksinska, Simphiwe Zondi, Nobuhle Mthembu, Saiqa Mullick, Emma Ottolenghi, Immo Kleinschmidt, Susan E. Adamchak, Barbara Janowitz, Carmen Cuthbertson
Involving Men In Maternity Care: South Africa, Busi Kunene, Mags Beksinska, Simphiwe Zondi, Nobuhle Mthembu, Saiqa Mullick, Emma Ottolenghi, Immo Kleinschmidt, Susan E. Adamchak, Barbara Janowitz, Carmen Cuthbertson
Reproductive Health
The Reproductive Health Research Unit University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, in partnership with the FRONTIERS Program of the Population Council, and the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health conducted a three-year operations research study titled “Men in Maternity” in the Ethekwini district. The intervention was clinic-based and included two broad strategies: improving antenatal care services by strengthening the existing antenatal package and service monitoring and supervision; and introducing couple counseling by providing training to health providers, inviting partners of antenatal women to attend counseling twice during pregnancy and once post delivery, and providing information to couples with a new antenatal booklet. …
Community Involvement In Reproductive Health: Findings From Research In Karnataka, India, Foundation For Research In Health Systems
Community Involvement In Reproductive Health: Findings From Research In Karnataka, India, Foundation For Research In Health Systems
Reproductive Health
In 1996, the government of India decided to provide a package of reproductive and child health services through the existing family welfare program, adopting a community needs assessment approach (CNAA). To implement this approach, the government abolished its practice of setting contraceptive targets centrally and introduced a decentralized planning strategy whereby health workers assessed the reproductive health needs of women in their respective areas and prepared local plans to meet those needs. They also involved community leaders to promote community participation in the reproductive and child health program. Since 1998, several evaluation studies have assessed the impact of CNAA on …
Promotion Of Lactation Amenorrhea Method Intervention Trial, Kazakhstan, Shamil Tazhibayev, Toregeldy Sharmanov, Ayan Ergalieva, Oksana Dolmatova, Orynkul Mukasheva, Aina Seidakhmetova, Raikhan Kushenova
Promotion Of Lactation Amenorrhea Method Intervention Trial, Kazakhstan, Shamil Tazhibayev, Toregeldy Sharmanov, Ayan Ergalieva, Oksana Dolmatova, Orynkul Mukasheva, Aina Seidakhmetova, Raikhan Kushenova
Reproductive Health
In order to expand the benefits of breastfeeding as a birth spacing option for women in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kazakh Academy of Nutrition at the Academy of Preventive Medicine in Almaty conducted an operations research study to test the effectiveness of lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) promotion among women in Kazakhstan, as part of the Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health Small Grants Program. Results show that the intervention programs implemented in experimental baby-friendly hospitals (BFHs) and ordinary hospitals (OHs) improved women’s knowledge, skills, and desire to breastfeed The report concludes that training activities should be strengthened and all …
Etude Expérimentale Sur L'Offre De Services À Base Communautaire De Santé De La Reproduction Au Sénégal: Une Étude De Cas Dans Le District Sanitaire De Kébémer, Diouratie Sanogo, Mady Cisse, Adama Ndoye, Laty G. Ndoye, Ousmane Faye, Balla Mbacke Mboup
Etude Expérimentale Sur L'Offre De Services À Base Communautaire De Santé De La Reproduction Au Sénégal: Une Étude De Cas Dans Le District Sanitaire De Kébémer, Diouratie Sanogo, Mady Cisse, Adama Ndoye, Laty G. Ndoye, Ousmane Faye, Balla Mbacke Mboup
Reproductive Health
La Division de la Santé de la Reproduction (DSR) du Ministère de la Santé et de l'Action Sociale du Sénégal, en partenariat avec le programme FRONTIERS in Reproductive Health du Population Council et le Management Sciences for Health, a mené une étude visant à déterminer l'acceptabilité et la faisabilité des modèles de services à base communautaire expérimentés du point de vue de leur acceptabilité, de leur faisabilité, de leur efficacité, de leur performance, et de leur coût et rentabilité. L'objectif général de cette étude était de contribuer à l'élaboration d'un programme intégré rentable visant à accroître l'accessibilité et la disponibilité …
Safe Motherhood Demonstration Project, Western Province: Final Report, Charlotte E. Warren, Wilson Liambila
Safe Motherhood Demonstration Project, Western Province: Final Report, Charlotte E. Warren, Wilson Liambila
Reproductive Health
Since March 2000, the Population Council and the University of Nairobi have been assisting the Kenya Ministry of Health to implement Safe Motherhood activities in Western Kenya. The purpose of this project was to increase utilization of quality maternal services in the selected districts and, in an effort to improve pregnancy outcomes, focused on improving quality of antenatal care, essential obstetric care, clean and safe delivery, postpartum care, postabortion care, and management issues at all levels. In addition, the project focused on strengthening referral practices and addressing factors responsible for delays by pregnant women in making decisions on when, where, …
Unwanted Pregnancy And Induced Abortion: Data From Men And Women In Rajasthan, India, Batya Elul, Sandhya Barge, Shalini Verma, Nayan Kumar, Hillary J. Bracken, Hemlata Sadhwani
Unwanted Pregnancy And Induced Abortion: Data From Men And Women In Rajasthan, India, Batya Elul, Sandhya Barge, Shalini Verma, Nayan Kumar, Hillary J. Bracken, Hemlata Sadhwani
Reproductive Health
This report is the result of a collaborative project between the Population Council and the Centre for Operations Research and Training, conducted as part of a Council program of research on unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in Rajasthan, India. Designed as a complement to service-delivery activities being undertaken in Rajasthan by the Indian nongovernmental reproductive health service provider Parivar Seva Sanstha, the program of research aimed to provide a multifaceted picture of the on-the-ground realities related to unwanted pregnancy and abortion in six districts of Rajasthan. Detailed pregnancy histories yielded data on levels of unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in …
A Multi-Sectoral Approach To Providing Reproductive Health Information And Services To Young People In Western Kenya: The Kenya Adolescent Reproductive Health Project, Ian Askew, Jane Chege, Carolyne Njue, Samson Radeny
A Multi-Sectoral Approach To Providing Reproductive Health Information And Services To Young People In Western Kenya: The Kenya Adolescent Reproductive Health Project, Ian Askew, Jane Chege, Carolyne Njue, Samson Radeny
Reproductive Health
Informing adolescents about appropriate and acceptable behaviors, and ways to protect themselves against unwanted and unprotected sex, has proved problematic in Kenya. Education programs for in- and out-of-school adolescents are lacking, there is controversy about providing services to sexually active adolescents, and a pervasive concern that sexuality education and contraceptive services leads to promiscuity. Unbiased and accurate information and services are needed if adolescents are to delay becoming sexually active, to resist pressures to engage in nonconsensual sex, and to protect themselves against unwanted pregnancies and infections if they do have sex. Moreover, strategies for providing such information and services …
Involving Men In Maternity Care In India, Leila Caleb-Varkey, Anurag Mishra, Anjana Das, Emma Ottolenghi, Dale Huntington, Susan E. Adamchak, M.E. Khan, Rick Homan
Involving Men In Maternity Care In India, Leila Caleb-Varkey, Anurag Mishra, Anjana Das, Emma Ottolenghi, Dale Huntington, Susan E. Adamchak, M.E. Khan, Rick Homan
Reproductive Health
The Men in Maternity study investigated the feasibility, acceptability, and cost of a new, more comprehensive model of maternity care that encouraged husbands’ participation in their wives’ antenatal and postpartum care. The study was conducted in India, in collaboration with the Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC), Delhi Directorate at their primary health facilities called dispensaries. The study found that men accompanied their wives to the clinics and participated actively in the intervention. There were significant changes in family planning knowledge and behaviors of both men and women; although there was little acknowledgement of STI risk, knowledge and use of dual …
Youth Behavioral Risks And Psychosocial Resources In Peru's Alternative-Development Zones, Federico R. Leon, Mary L. Claux
Youth Behavioral Risks And Psychosocial Resources In Peru's Alternative-Development Zones, Federico R. Leon, Mary L. Claux
Reproductive Health
Alternative-development programs are being offered to the population of seven regions of central-eastern Peru involved in coca cropping. The youth of these regions are above the national average in risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, use of alcohol and drugs, and violence against women. This study sought to identify and describe protective factors expected to function as counterforces to such risks; develop reliable indicators and provide a baseline concerning the risk behaviors and protective factors; compare youth by gender, developmental stage, urbanization, and geography to determine whether segmented interventions are required; and recommend specific intervention strategies. The results of …
Testing A Community-Based Distribution Approach To Reproductive Health Service Delivery In Senegal (A Study Of Community Agents In Kébémer), Diouratie Sanogo, Mady Cisse, Adama Ndoye, Laty G. Ndoye, Ousmane Faye, Balla Mbacke Mboup
Testing A Community-Based Distribution Approach To Reproductive Health Service Delivery In Senegal (A Study Of Community Agents In Kébémer), Diouratie Sanogo, Mady Cisse, Adama Ndoye, Laty G. Ndoye, Ousmane Faye, Balla Mbacke Mboup
Reproductive Health
The Division of Reproductive Health (DSR) of the Senegal Ministry of Health and Social Action, in partnership with the Population Council’s FRONTIERS in Reproductive Health program and Management Sciences for Health (MSH), conducted a study to test and compare three ways of providing reproductive health services to rural communities in the Kébémer district of Senegal in terms of their effectiveness, cost, and cost-effectiveness. FRONTIERS and MSH collaborated with the DSR to design the interventions, MSH supported the DSR in implementing the interventions, and FRONTIERS undertook the evaluation. This study, funded by USAID, responded to the recommendations of a 1999 workshop, …