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Carotid Cavernous Sinus Fistula: A Literature Review(ทางเชื่อมต่อระหว่างหลอดเลือดแดงคาโรทิดกับแอ่งเลือดดําคาเวอร์นัส: บทความปริทัศน์), Poramate Pitak-Arnnop

Chulalongkorn University Dental Journal

Carotid cavernous sinus fistula is an uncommon complication of craniocervical trauma which is usually associated with a skull base, frontal or midface fractures; besides it may also be a spontaneous phenomenon of a congenital, degenerative or iatrogenic origin. The blood shunts from either internal or external carotid arteries to the cavernous sinus resulting the blurred vision, ophthalmoparesis, pulsating exophthalmos, glaucoma, ocular ischemic syndrome, orbital headache and periorbital pain. The diagnosis is made by clinical features and radiography for differentiating from superior orbital fissure syndrome, orbital apex syndrome, retrobulbar hematoma and cavernous sinus thrombosis. In unspontaneous closure cases with progressive findings, …