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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Patterns Of Polyadenylation Site Selection In Gene Constructs Containing Multiple Polyadenylation Signals., Roger Denome, Charles Cole Nov 1988

Patterns Of Polyadenylation Site Selection In Gene Constructs Containing Multiple Polyadenylation Signals., Roger Denome, Charles Cole

Dartmouth Scholarship

We have constructed a series of plasmids containing multiple polyadenylation signals downstream of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV) thymidine kinase (tk)-coding region. The signals used were from the simian virus 40 (SV40) late gene, the HSV tk gene, and an AATAAA-containing segment of the SV40 early region. This last fragment signals polyadenylation poorly in our constructs and not at all during SV40 infection. All plasmids contained the SV40 origin of replication. Plasmids were transfected into Cos-1 cells; after 48 h, cytoplasmic RNA was isolated and the quantity and 3'-end structure of tk mRNAs was analyzed by using S1 …


Camp Antagonizes Interleukin 2-Promoted T-Cell Cycle Progression At A Discrete Point In Early G1., Kirk W. Johnson, Bruce H. Davis, Kendall A. Smith Aug 1988

Camp Antagonizes Interleukin 2-Promoted T-Cell Cycle Progression At A Discrete Point In Early G1., Kirk W. Johnson, Bruce H. Davis, Kendall A. Smith

Dartmouth Scholarship

T lymphocytes are stimulated to proliferate in an autocrine/paracrine manner by the lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL-2). In seeking further insight into the mechanisms by which IL-2 induces progression of T cells through the G1 phase of the cell cycle, studies were performed with agents that increase cellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), a well-known inhibitor of lymphocyte growth. The addition of dibutyryl-cAMP, cholera toxin, forskolin, or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine to an IL-2-dependent murine T-cell line evoked a dose-related suppression of S-phase transition without affecting cellular viability. Moreover, elevation of cAMP levels led to an accumulation of uniformly small cells, suggesting an arrest in …


Insulin Stimulates The Dephosphorylation And Activation Of Acetyl-Coa Carboxylase., Lee A. Witters, Thomas D. Watts, Diana L. Daniels, Joseph L. Evans Aug 1988

Insulin Stimulates The Dephosphorylation And Activation Of Acetyl-Coa Carboxylase., Lee A. Witters, Thomas D. Watts, Diana L. Daniels, Joseph L. Evans

Dartmouth Scholarship

The mechanism underlying the ability of insulin to acutely activate acetyl-CoA carboxylase [acetyl-CoA: carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.4.1.2; AcCoA-Case] has been examined in Fao Reuber hepatoma cells. Insulin promotes the rapid activation of AcCoACase, as measured in cell lysates, and this stimulation persists to the same degree after isolation of AcCoACase by avidin-Sepharose chromatography. The insulin-stimulated enzyme, as compared with control enzyme, exhibits an increase in both citrate-independent and -dependent activity and a decrease in the Ka for citrate. Direct examination of the phosphorylation state of isolated 32P-labeled AcCoACase after insulin exposure reveals a marked decrease in total enzyme phosphorylation …


K+ Efflux In Nih Mouse 3t3 Cells And Transformed Derivatives: Dependence On Extracellular Ca2+ And Phorbol Esters., Martin Lubin Jul 1988

K+ Efflux In Nih Mouse 3t3 Cells And Transformed Derivatives: Dependence On Extracellular Ca2+ And Phorbol Esters., Martin Lubin

Dartmouth Scholarship

In culture medium deficient in Ca2+, NIH mouse 3T3 cells lose K+, gain Na+, and stop growing. A marked increase in the rate of K+ efflux accounts for this loss; Na+, K+-ATPase pump activity increases but does not fully compensate for enhanced K+ efflux. Phorbol esters and cycloheximide inhibit K+ loss in Ca2+-deficient medium. Phorbol esters inhibit K+ efflux from human fibroblasts as well, even at physiological levels of Ca2+. Two cell lines derived from NIH-3T3, one transformed by a simian virus 40 deletion mutant, the other by the polyoma virus oncogene encoding the middle-sized tumor antigen, retain K+ and …


Symptom Status And Quality Of Life Following Prostatectomy, John E. Wennberg May 1988

Symptom Status And Quality Of Life Following Prostatectomy, John E. Wennberg

Dartmouth Scholarship

When symptom status is proposed as treatment for the symptoms of prostatism, the decision to operate should depend on how patients evaluate their symptoms and on objective information about the outcomes. We undertook a health interview study to determine the probabilities for symptom relief, improvement in the quality of life, and complications following surgery and to evaluate patient concern about the symptoms of prostatism. The operation was effective in reducing symptoms: 93% of severely and 79% of moderately symptomatic patients experienced improvement; however, a statistically significant improvement in indices of quality of life occurred only among patients with acute retention …


Watchful Waiting Vs. Immediate Transurethral Prostatectomy For Symptomatic Prostatism, Albert G. Mulley Jr, Michael J. Barry, Floyd J. Fowler, John E. Wennberg May 1988

Watchful Waiting Vs. Immediate Transurethral Prostatectomy For Symptomatic Prostatism, Albert G. Mulley Jr, Michael J. Barry, Floyd J. Fowler, John E. Wennberg

Dartmouth Scholarship

The rate of resection for benign prostatic hypertrophy shows considerable variability among small geographic areas. To help inform the decision to recommend prostatectomy to men with prostatism without signs of chronic retention, we performed a decision analysis to compare the expected outcomes with immediate transurethral resection and watchful waiting. Data used in the model originated from the medical literature, Medicare claims data, and patient interview studies. In our base-case for 70-year-old men, immediate surgery resulted in the loss of 1.01 months of life expectancy, but when adjustments were made for quality of life, immediate surgery was favored with a net …


Dual Mechanisms Of Regulation Of Type I Iodothyronine 5'-Deiodinase In The Rat Kidney, Liver, And Thyroid Gland. Implications For The Treatment Of Hyperthyroidism With Radiographic Contrast Agents., Donald L. St Germain May 1988

Dual Mechanisms Of Regulation Of Type I Iodothyronine 5'-Deiodinase In The Rat Kidney, Liver, And Thyroid Gland. Implications For The Treatment Of Hyperthyroidism With Radiographic Contrast Agents., Donald L. St Germain

Dartmouth Scholarship

Alterations in thyroid hormone status and the administration of radiographic contrast agents can markedly influence iodothyronine metabolism and, in particular, the activity of type I 5'-deiodinase (5'DI). In the present studies, the mechanisms responsible for these effects have been reassessed. As previously reported, the addition of iopanoic acid (IOP) to broken cell preparations resulted in a competitive pattern of 5'DI inhibition. However, the in vivo administration to rats of IOP or 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) resulted in a noncompetitive pattern of inhibition of 5'DI in the liver, kidney, and thyroid gland, whereby marked decreases in maximal enzyme velocity (V max) were noted, …