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Heavy Metals In Ends Liquids: A Comparative Analysis Of Products From The United States, England, Canada, And Australia, Ashleigh Coggins-Block
Heavy Metals In Ends Liquids: A Comparative Analysis Of Products From The United States, England, Canada, And Australia, Ashleigh Coggins-Block
Forensic Science Theses
The International Tobacco Control (ITC) Policy Evaluation Project 4-Country Survey, which this thesis is a part of, aims to compare policies and electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) products between the United States, England, Canada, and Australia. Since they can pose many serious health risks, this thesis investigated the presence of and source of heavy metals, including lead, nickel, chromium, and cadmium, in ENDS e-liquids. The source of these metals in ENDS e-liquids has been disputed between cultivated tobacco used to derive nicotine and the metal parts of ENDS devices. ENDS purchased in 2017 from each of the four countries of …