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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Effect Of Bacterial Superantigens On The Magnitude And Breadth Of Influenza-Specific Cd8+ T Cell Responses, Courtney Meilleur
Effect Of Bacterial Superantigens On The Magnitude And Breadth Of Influenza-Specific Cd8+ T Cell Responses, Courtney Meilleur
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Severe cases of influenza A virus (IAV) infection are often complicated by concomitant bacterial pneumonia or sepsis. Many bacterial species are capable of producing potent immunomodulators called superantigens (SAgs), which have the potential to interfere with cell-based antiviral immune mechanisms. I asked what effects bacterial SAgs have on both the magnitude and the breadth of antiviral CD8+ T cell (TCD8+) responses. Surprisingly, administration of SAgs to mice shortly before or after vaccination with IAV increased the number of primary TCD8+ responding to select IAV-derived epitopes. T cell receptor staining of these SAg-augmented populations revealed expression of …
Heme Peroxidase Hpx-2 Protects Caenorhabditis Elegans From Pathogens, Yi Liu
Heme Peroxidase Hpx-2 Protects Caenorhabditis Elegans From Pathogens, Yi Liu
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Heme-containing peroxidases are important components of innate immunity. Many of them functionally associate with NADPH oxidase (NOX)/dual oxidase (DUOX) enzymes by using the hydrogen peroxide they generate in downstream reactions. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a ShkT-containing peroxidase, SKPO-1, and the dual oxidase, BLI-3, contribute to resistance against the human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis, likely functioning in conjunction with each other. However, the exact mechanism(s) by which peroxidases and NOX/DUOXs contribute to pathogen resistance remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that another peroxidase, HPX-2 (Heme-PeroXidase 2), is required for resistance against some, but not all pathogens. Tissue specific …
The Role Of Adam10 And Adam17 In Humoral And Type 2 Immunity, Joseph C. Lownik
The Role Of Adam10 And Adam17 In Humoral And Type 2 Immunity, Joseph C. Lownik
Theses and Dissertations
The proper regulation of inducible costimulator (ICOS) and its ligand (ICOSL) have been shown to be essential for maintaining immune homeostasis. Loss of either protein results in defective humoral immunity, and overexpression of ICOS results in aberrant antibody production resembling lupus. How ICOSL is regulated in response to ICOS interaction is still unclear. We demonstrate that ADAM10 is the primary physiological sheddase of ICOSL in both mouse and human. Using an in vivo system in which ADAM10 is deleted only on B cells (ADAM10B-/-), elevated levels of ICOSL were seen. This increase is also seen when ADAM10 is …