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Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Validation Of A Hyperspectral Nirs Method For Measuring Tissue Oxygen Saturation, Matthew Kewin
Validation Of A Hyperspectral Nirs Method For Measuring Tissue Oxygen Saturation, Matthew Kewin
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Brain injury during preterm infancy can cause serious intellectual and behavioral disabilities, as such, measurements of cerebral health are needed to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of these injuries. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is considered ideal for this purpose because it is non-invasive and provides a continuous measure of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), a key marker of cerebral health. Current commercial NIRS systems have considerable variability between devices and between infants restricting them to monitoring trends. Time-resolved (TR) NIRS is considered the gold standard in biomedical optics for quantifying tissue optical properties, but the technology is more …
Neuroprotective Functions Of Docosahexaenoic Acid And Epidermal Fatty Acid Binding Protein, Manuel Luis Montero
Neuroprotective Functions Of Docosahexaenoic Acid And Epidermal Fatty Acid Binding Protein, Manuel Luis Montero
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Lipotoxicity (LTx) is involved in mostly every process of neuronal injury. Using NGFDPC12 cells we show that palmitic acid (PA) induces the expression of stress response genes HIF-1α and BNIP3, increases the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and decreases cell viability by apoptosis. Inhibition of cathepsins does not rescue neurons from PA-LTx but inhibition of necroptosis and promotion of autophagy do. DHA decreases the expression of HIF-1α and BNIP3 and rescues PA-induced cell death by inhibiting apoptosis and necroptosis. Besides DHA stimulates the mRNA expression, phosphorylation and conjugation of autophagy controlling proteins. Inhibiting autophagy during DHA treatment decreases its capacity …
Developing Droplet Based 3d Cell Culture Methods To Enable Investigations Of The Chemical Tumor Microenvironment, Jacqueline A. De Lora
Developing Droplet Based 3d Cell Culture Methods To Enable Investigations Of The Chemical Tumor Microenvironment, Jacqueline A. De Lora
Biomedical Sciences ETDs
Adaptation of cancer cells to changes in the biochemical microenvironment in an expanding tumor mass is a crucial aspect of malignant progression, tumor metabolism, and drug efficacy. In vitro, it is challenging to mimic the evolution of biochemical gradients and the cellular heterogeneity that characterizes cancer tissues found in vivo. It is well accepted that more realistic and controllable in vitro 3D model systems are required to improve the overall cancer research paradigm and thus improve on the translation of results, but multidisciplinary approaches are needed for these advances. This work develops such approaches and demonstrates that new droplet-based cell-encapsulation …
Effect Of Exercise And Hypoxia On Plasma Telomerase, Charli D. Aguilar
Effect Of Exercise And Hypoxia On Plasma Telomerase, Charli D. Aguilar
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Introduction: Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the enzyme that adds telomeric sequences to the end of linear chromosomes. Exercise has shown to upregulate acutely leukocyte TERT after just 30 minutes of running on a treadmill at 80% of VO2max (Denham et al., 2016). Hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is also a mediator of TERT in in vitro (Nishi et al., 2004). Moderate acute exposure to hypoxia was associated with substantial increases in plasma TERT in a recent study on rats (Wang et al., 2014). The specific aim of the current study was to identify if acute hypoxia upregulates plasma TERT …
Metabolic And Expression Changes Associated With A Mouse Model Of Intrauterine Growth Restriction (Iugr), Bethany N. Radford
Metabolic And Expression Changes Associated With A Mouse Model Of Intrauterine Growth Restriction (Iugr), Bethany N. Radford
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a pregnancy condition where fetal growth is suboptimal, resulting in an infant born small for gestational age (<10th percentile) and is associated with metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes in adulthood. This study aims to understand tissue-specific adaptations to fetal undernutrition which predispose the individual to metabolic disorders in adulthood. A model of growth restriction in mice was established using 70% of maternal ad libitum total food (g) (E6.5-birth). At weaning, male offspring received standard chow or a HFHS diet. Body weight and random blood glucose levels were measured at 6 months. To assess metabolism at 6 or 7 months, glucose tolerance, pyruvate challenge and hepatic portal vein insulin challenge tests were administered and serum peptide markers for obesity and diabetes were measured. Metabolic cages were also used at 2 and 7 months to measure activity, food intake and respiratory exchange ratios (RERs). Adult liver, adipose and skeletal muscle and fetal liver was collected for RNA sequencing. Maternal nutrient restricted (MNR) offspring were growth restricted with disproportionately smaller fetal livers. 19% of standard chow-fed MNR offspring became glucose intolerant. On an isocaloric high-fat high-sugar diet no differences in MNR growth or glucose metabolism were detected. However, RERs were reduced at all timepoints in MNR on a HFHS relative to MNR on standard chow. Differences in transcription of genes involved in hypoxia signalling were detected and HIF-2a and HIF-3a proteins were increased in fetal liver of MNR offspring. Genes differentially expressed in the fetus were not differentially expressed at 6 months. Gene expression of metabolically regulatory transcripts in liver, adipose and skeletal muscle did not differ in all MNR and glucose intolerant MNR relative to controls. This model results in a susceptible and non-susceptible population of maternal nutrient restricted offspring and supports the concept of hypoxia signalling contributing to fetal adaptations. Understanding adaptations in hepatic hypoxia signalling in response to fetal undernutrition and how they vary in susceptible and unsusceptible populations will provide insight into how fetal nutrition can influence adult metabolism.
Investigating Smoke Exposure And Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd) With A Calibrated Agent Based Model (Abm) Of In Vitro Fibroblast Wound Healing., James A. Ratti
Theses and Dissertations
COPD is characterized by tissue inflammation and impaired remodeling that suggests fibroblast maintenance of structural homeostasis is dysregulated. Thus, we performed in vitro wound healing experiments on normal and diseased human lung fibroblasts and developed an ABM of fibroblasts closing a scratched monolayer using NetLogo to evaluate differences due to COPD or cigarette smoke condensate exposure. This ABM consists of a rule-set governing the healing response, accounting for cell migration, proliferation, death, activation and senescence rates; along with the effects of heterogeneous activation, phenotypic changes, serum deprivation and exposure to cigarette smoke condensate or bFGF. Simulations were performed to calibrate …