Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Grip Strength, Multimorbidity, And Disability, Amy M. Yorke

Dissertations

The presence of two or more chronic health conditions, also known as multimorbidity, is one of the most prevalent health disorders experienced by adults. Adults with multimorbidity and functional limitations represent clinical and financial challenges to the current health care system. The purpose of this three-paper dissertation is to examine the relationship between grip strength, multimorbidity, and the prediction of disability in adults. Data from the 2008 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative, longitudinal study completed on Americans age 50 years and over, are used for the dissertation.

The objective of the first paper is to investigate the …

Feasibility And Preliminary Outcomes From A Pilot Study Of The Smile Curriculum For Mother-Infant Co-Occupational Engagement And Maternal Self-Efficacy, Emily Whitlock

Theses and Dissertations

OBJECTIVE: To report on the feasibility and preliminary outcomes from a pilot study of the SMILE curriculum, a new educational program designed to enhance the mother-infant relationship by focusing on improvement of co-occupational engagement within daily routines.

METHOD: Six mothers, each with an infant diagnosed with special medical needs who received services in a local birth-to-three program, participated in an exploratory design study. Each mother was assigned to a SMILE curriculum intervention group or a waiting-list control group. Mothers were evaluated pre- and post-intervention using the Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy (PMP-SE) Scale for measurement of maternal self-efficacy and the Center …

Potential Benefits And Withdrawal Effects Of Cranial Nerve Non-Invasive Neuromodulation On Functional Mobility For Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury, Kati P. Liegl

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: Document and describe benefits and withdrawal effects of the Cranial Nerve Non-Invasive Neuromodulation (CN-NINM) intervention.

Background: Neuromodulation techniques can be used for the treatment of many diagnoses and conditions. Many current neuromodulation techniques have or can have negative consequences such as high cost, risk of surgical complications or infections, effects not lasting without the drug or stimulation presence, and need for medical experts' direct oversight. A new rehabilitation intervention called CN-NINM may eliminate these negative factors, making it a promising tool for clinicians and participants. CN-NINM combines targeted training activities with mild, portable, electrical stimulation of the tongue to …

Examining The Shift In Occupational Identity After A Brain Injury, Mikelle Bryson-Campbell

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Occupational identity is defined by Kielhofner (2002) as a sense of who we are as an occupational being, based on our past, current, and future occupational roles. When a life disruption occurs such as a brain injury (BI) and the disruption impacts the ability to conduct an occupation deemed meaningful an important process of transition occurs (Muenchberger, Kendall, & Neal, 2008). In turn occupational identity may shift to reflect the current health and economic status of the individual and what occupations are judged as meaningful.

The current study examined the shift in occupational identity in BI survivors in a two …

The Effects Of Multiple Sclerosis On Perceived Parenting Roles And Adolescent Coping, Alyssa Coundourides, Kendra Host, Elizabeth Rexroat

Adult

This research project focused on the effects of parental multiple sclerosis (MS) upon parenting roles and family coping. Specifically, the study was implemented to acquire insight into the primary research question: How do parents perceive familial role changes resulting from MS to impact coping of their adolescent children? The study also investigated the role of occupational therapy in assisting parents with MS to facilitate coping in their adolescent children. These concepts were investigated though a mixed methods design, using the Role Checklist to quantitatively assess participants’ roles and values, and a focus group to qualitatively explore participants’ lived experiences of …

Impact Of The Arthritis Foundation's Walk With Ease Program On Self-Efficacy, Quality Of Life And Pain Reduction In A Group Format, Kelly Nicole Reese

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Arthritis Foundation's Walk With Ease Program for individuals with self- or medically-diagnosed arthritis within a group format. The study also investigates the individuals' perceptions on self-efficacy, quality of life and pain reduction pre- and post- intervention.

Background: The prevalence of arthritis is increasing and this places a major burden on individuals, health systems and social care systems globally. Osteoarthritis, the most common arthritis condition, is a major cause of impaired mobility and disability for aging populations. Osteoarthritis affects millions of people around the world. Self-management programs like the Walk With Ease Program have …

Optimizing Hand Crank Configuration For Therapeutic Use Of Amtrykes® For Children With Upper Extremity Motor Deficits, Jennifer Hardy

Theses and Dissertations

Objective

The purpose of this research study was to create a model to assist therapists, that determines the optimal positioning of the hand cranks when fitting a child for an AmTryke® with a disability that limits upper body strength, such as a brachial plexus injury.

Method

A fitting model was developed by testing the amount of force required to start moving the hand cranks on the AmTryke® when various amounts of weight were applied to the seat of the device. The data collected inserted into a table. A questionnaire developed and emailed to a convenient sample of pediatric physical and …

Measuring Outcomes Of Rehabilitation Among Persons With Upper Extremity Traumatic Injuries, Jamie Carl Grede

Theses and Dissertations

Grip strength is frequently measured to determine outcomes of rehabilitation among people with upper extremity traumatic injuries (UETIs). UETIs also affect rate of force-production during an isometric grip. However, we do not have a reliable and valid measure for detecting these force changes. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and responsiveness, i.e. ability to detect change, of the Force-Time Curve (F-T Curve) to determine rate of force production. Twenty people with UETIs undergoing rehabilitation were recruited to participate in this study. Using an electronic Jamar dynamometer, each participant performed three maximal isometric grips, each lasting 10 …

The Effect Of Balance Training With An Innovative Approach Compared To Traditional Balance Exercises, Brian Curtis Waite

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of an X Box 360 KinectTM game as a modality for improving balance. Specifically, this study explores the use of the Target Kick mini game on Kinect SportsTM as a tool for VR rehabilitation. Subjects (N=18, age 23.3 ±2.87 yrs, mass 71.83 ±15.25 kg, height 168.4 ±7.79 cm) with no lower extremity injury were randomly placed into three groups (X Box n = 6, Traditional n = 6, and Control n = 6). The X Box (XBOX) group performed ten minutes of balance training by playing an X Box game …

Hand Pressure And Force: Adapted Knives Compared To A Straight Knife, Melissa S. Hudecz, Lillian A. Schaefer, Katherine A. Simon

Hand and Upper Extremity

This study analyzed the pressure and force required to cut an object with a standard kitchen knife and two adaptive knives. Occupational therapists recommend adaptive utensils such as kitchen knives. The appropriate tool or adaptive device reduces joint force and pressure and helps keep joints properly aligned to reduce pain during daily activities for individuals with arthritis. This research seeks to add to the body of knowledge to support the use of adapted equipment. Methods: Thirty-three participants were included in this study. Data were collected using a hand sensor and software made by Novel Pliance-X. This tool was found to …

How Power Tilt Is Used In Daily Life To Manage Sitting Pressure: Perspectives Of Adults Who Use Power Tilt And Therapists Who Prescribe This Technology, Laura C. Titus

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Recent research studies have identified that use of large amplitudes of power tilt as a pressure management strategy used by adults who use wheelchairs and are at risk of developing pressure ulcers, was low. While the reason for low use was not identified, a lack of fit between using large amplitudes of tilt and daily life function was speculated as a main reason across studies. Using a post-positivist grounded theory approach, this study explored how power tilt was used in daily life particularly for managing sitting pressures, from the perspectives of five people experienced with using power tilt and six …

Impact Of Finger Position On Pinch Strength, Rachel Boerema, Jamie Powers, Kelsey Walukonis

Hand and Upper Extremity

The purpose of this study was to assess for differences in the amount of tip, lateral, and three-jaw-chuck pinch force generated when fingers are placed on the groove or bridge of a B&L pinch gauge. Thirty-six healthy volunteers (9 males, 27 females), ages 19-49, participated in the study. Using a quantitative crossover design, each participant pinched six times: one for each type of pinch with fingers placed on the groove and bridge. Although no significant differences were found, results revealed slightly higher three-jaw- chuck and lateral pinch strength when fingers were placed on the groove, whereas tip pinch strength was …

An Examination Of Executive Function, Mild Cognitive Impairment And Fall Risk In Community Dwelling Older Adults, Jennifer A. Blackwood

Dissertations

The aim of this three-paper dissertation was to examine the relationship between fall risk, executive function (EF) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in community dwelling older adults. Papers one and two describe how mild changes in cognition influence performance on four measures of fall risk, the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSTS), usual gait speed, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and the Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) in a group of community dwelling older adults. The third paper describes if participation in a progressively challenging domain specific computerized cognitive training intervention influenced performance on measures of …

Kinematic And Kinetic Comparisons Of Arm And Hand Reaching Movements With Mild And Moderate Gravity-Supported, Computer-Enhanced Armeo®Spring: A Case Study, Qussai M. Obiedat

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Stroke has been recognized as a leading cause of serious long-term disability in the United States (U.S.) with 795,000 people experience a new or recurrent stroke each year (Roger et al., 2011). The most apparent defect after stroke is motor impairments (Masiero, Armani, & Rosati, 2011). Statistically, half of stroke survivors suffer from upper extremity hemiparesis and approximately one quarter become dependent in activities of daily living (Sanchez et al., 2006). There is strong evidence that intensity and task specificity are the main drivers in an effective treatment program after stroke. In addition, this training should be repetitive, functional, …

Examining The Lived Experience Of Student Veterans Using Photovoice Methodology, Nikhil Tomar

Theses and Dissertations

The primary objective of this study was to understand the lived experience of student veterans using photovoice methodology. After returning from service veterans struggle most with school (Plach & Haertlein Sells, 2013). Student veterans experience difficulty in time management, and transitioning to student life (Radford, 2009). They spend more time working at jobs and caring for dependents than non-veteran students, but spend equivalent time studying. They perceive less engagement with faculty and campus support than their peers (NSSE, 2010). For many veterans, education is a primary occupation but there is dearth of data about their lived experience and factors that …

Increasing Fall Self-Efficacy And Awareness Of Fall Risks Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults, Dona Diane Andersen, Brian Edwin Dinozo, Heather Vengco Enrile, Brittany Anne Hutchison

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a modified version of the Stepping On fall prevention program in increasing fall self-efficacy and awareness of fall risks in community-dwelling older adults.

Method: This research study utilized a quantitative, quasi-experimental pretest-posttest singlegroup design with a qualitative element. The fall prevention program was the intervention of this study. The Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES) was a pre and post measurement tool. The Timed Up & Go Test (TUG), the Romberg test, and the Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination (SLUMS) were screening tools. Fourteen older adults aged 75 …

Decreasing Fall Risk In Older Adults With Serious Mental Illness, Reynaldo Joseph Ballesteros Jr., Kellie Ann Hislop, Chanita Mary Panchasarp

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

This thesis project was created to help promote fall risk awareness in older adults who are living in the community with a serious mental illness. This project consisted of a 3-part multifactorial intervention plan that focused on increasing fall risk awareness and promoting participation in healthy lifestyles. Environmental modifications were made to the facility to create a safe environment and minimize the risk of falls. An exercise video was created and piloted with the residents of a facility for people with serious mental illness. The video included strength and balance exercises which minimize the risks of falling. An inservice was …

An Analysis Of Occupational Therapists’ Listening Behaviors During Treatment Sessions, Steven Joseph Devilbiss, Andreanna Marie Rodriquez, Maria Tolentino

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

Background and purpose. Given the importance of listening in establishing a therapeutic relationship between healthcare providers and clients, there is a lack of research investigating the listening behaviors occupational therapists (OTs) use in clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to analyze what verbal and nonverbal listening behaviors OTs employ in clinical treatment sessions.

Subjects. Convenience and snowball sampling were used to recruit five OTs and five clients working with those OTs.

Methods. An observational study was used to investigate the verbal and nonverbal listening behaviors OTs employed during the first five minutes of each clinical treatment session. Each …

Kindergarten Readiness: The Impact Of Sensory Integration On Preschool Children's Readiness For The Transition To Kindergarten, Laura Alexandria Boyd, Shannon Logan Sobieraj

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

The goal of this quantitative, descriptive pilot study was to identify the frequency of sensory processing disorders (SPD) in preschool students who are preparing for the transition into kindergarten. The research also explored the relationship between preschool teachers' perspectives of challenging classroom behavior and parents' reports of sensory processing in the home. Researchers distributed the Sensory Processing Measure for Preschoolers (SPM-P) assessment to parents and a behavioral questionnaire to teachers in three northern California preschools. Thirty-two SPM-P assessments were distributed to parents and 15 (47%) were accurately completed and returned. Of this sample, 2 (13%) student scores on the SPM-P …

Bridging The Gap For First Generation Students (Bg4fgs): An Occupation-Based Peer Mentoring Program At Dominican University Of California, Victoria Danielle Rivera, Marion De Celis Sarte, Alison Jean Wiggam

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

Attending college is a major milestone in the lives of students. The transition to college can be a challenging process for new students, particularly first-generation students, impacting their ability to meet the more rigorous academic demands and to integrate socially into the campus community (Prospero & Vohra-Gupta, 2007; Ramos-Sanchez & Nichols, 2007). To ease the transition to college, peer mentoring programs can assist new college students by offering guidance, one-on-one and group sessions, providing information about campus life and resources, and referring them to support services (Ferrari, 2004; Lennox & Leonard, 2007). The project developers collaborated with Dominican University of …

Healthy Seniors: A Program Evaluation, Andrea Edith Maffei, Matthew Alexander Patjawee, Jamie Christine Thompson

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research study was to perform a summative evaluation of the Healthy Seniors program at Dominican University of California, a wellness program for older adults facilitated by occupational therapy students and faculty.

METHOD: A non-experimental mixed-methods descriptive research design composed of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to analyze data from the 2011 Healthy Seniors sessions.

RESULTS: The majority of participants in the Dominican University of California Healthy Seniors program were women between the ages of 75 and 85. Overall, participants in the Healthy Seniors program improved in functional status and were satisfied with their experience. …

Clinical Reasoning In The Use Of Slings For Stroke Patients With Shoulder Subluxation: A Practice Phenomenon In California, Simon Chi, Naoko Murai

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

Purpose: The literature reported the frequent use of shoulder slings by occupational therapy practitioners for the management of post-stroke shoulder subluxation despite the low evidence for its efficacy. We investigated the prevalence and clinical reasoning in the use of shoulder sling in order to understand the clinical context that defies the current research evidence.

Methodology: The study is a quantitative descriptive design using self-report survey questionnaire. Online and on-site surveys were distributed among the members of Occupational Therapy Association of California (OTAC) between January and April, 2012, and attendees to OTAC Spring Symposium on March 31 and April 1, 2012. …

Circles Of Connection: Finding Social Connectedness And Meaning Within Group Process, Julianna F. Bratsberg, Aundrea Marcella Roberts, Susan R. Untiedt

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

Social participation is an area of occupation that can increase and enhance an individual’s participation in life. This is particularly true in senior housing communities where common issues of aging and adjustment can be addressed while reducing feelings of social isolation. The purpose of this demonstration project was to provide a venue where older adults living at The Redwoods, a senior housing community in Mill Valley, California, could share and develop meaningful strategies for living, and ultimately foster a sense of connectedness, which would affect quality of life. The project’s goals were to create and implement a series of process …

Developing A Comprehensive Handwriting Curriculum Utilizing The Handwriting Without Tears™ Approach For Typically Developing Elementary School Aged Children, Taryn Nicole Clough, Jane C. Malone, Christina Marilyn Robertson

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

It is estimated that 27% of school-aged children in the United States have handwriting difficulties (McHale & Cermak, 1992). According to Hammerschmidt and Sudsawad (2004), illegible handwriting is the most common reason for referral to occupational therapy services; 49.2% of total referrals. Previous research on handwriting intervention supports that task-oriented handwriting instructional methods, such as Handwriting Without Tears™ (HWT), are among the most effective handwriting intervention approaches (Lust & Donica, 2011; Olsen, 2011; Weintraub et al., 2009). The purpose of this project was to develop a comprehensive handwriting curriculum based on the HWT™ technique, including the new IPad application and …

What Are The Relations Among Stress Perception, Health Perception And Activity Participation In School-Aged Children?, Allison Caplin

Honors Theses and Capstones

This correlational study examined possible relations among children’s activity patterns, perceived stress, and perceived health. A variety of self-report questionnaires were administered to a sample of 33 school age children. The Pediatric Activity Sort (PACS) was used to measure activity participation, a health questionnaire was used to assess health, and the Childhood Stress Questionnaire (CSQ) was used to measure perceived stress. Correlations showed no significant relationships between stress level and the amount of reported activity participation. The absence of significant relationships may be due to testing a sample of middle to upper class, Caucasian children, as there was a skewed …

Educational In-Service And Training Lab: Proper Body Positioning And Safety For Mothers Of Children With Disabilities, Tara Curtis

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

Women who give birth to a child with a mental or physical impairment in Mexico are typically believed to be “at fault” for the disability by their family (Skinner, Bailey, Correa, & Rodríguez, 1999). As a result, men often abandon their family, leaving the mother and children in poverty (Skinner et al., 1999). Bree Lair, MOTR/L, co-founder and director of International Service Learning for Push International, a non-profit organization that works closely with Padres y Compadres Pediatric Therapy Center in Mazatlan, Mexico stated that more than half of the mothers caring for a child with disabilities at their clinic are …

Aging In Place: Older Adults' Current Practices And Future Desires, Lauren Anderson-Connolly, Olive Oyango

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

Occupational therapy focuses on helping individuals or populations to regain or maintain independence, function, and a fulfilling life; the American Occupational Therapy Association has named productive aging as a key societal need in the 21st century. Many older adults wish to stay in their homes and communities as they age but may face challenges doing so due to agerelated changes. This study, using mixed methods via a quantitative survey and a qualitative interview, attempted to identify the current practices, attitudes, and future desires that may impact occupational engagement, as reported by U.S. community-dwelling adults age 65 and older who were …

The Nature Of Creativity In Occupational Therapy, Christopher Ernst, Andrew Moore

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

The purpose of this study was to document occupational therapists’ reported use of “creativity” in different practice realms, discover how they defined creativity, and determine their views on its importance to the field. A survey was sent to a random sample of 250 therapist members of the American Occupational Therapy Association. Seventy surveys were returned (28%). Descriptive statistics were calculated to portray responses and reveal relationships between demographic and response variables. The majority of respondents worked in children/youth, or rehabilitation settings. Therapists practicing 35+ years reported creativity in occupational therapy to be significantly more important (M = 8.1 of …

Sensory Strategies To Support Whole Body Listening In The Classroom, Jennifer D. Baron

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

The purpose of this project was to provide general education teachers at Evergreen Primary in University Place, Washington with sensory strategy resources to support the use of Whole Body Listening (Sautter & Wilson, 2011) in the classroom. Whole Body Listening was developed as part of the Social Thinking curriculum by Michelle Garcia Winner and is a program that teaches how to actively listen with all parts of the body (Think Social Publishing, 2008) and is used as a school-wide program at Evergreen Primary. After initial implementation of the program, teachers reported that some students had challenges implementing the strategies due …

Use Of Culturally Adapted Practices Among Occupational Therapists In Work Rehabilitation Settings, Lauren Fisher

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

The purpose of this study was to explore ways in which occupational therapist practitioners use culturally adapted practices when working in work rehabilitation settings. A survey was completed by 95 occupational therapy practitioners who were members of the Work and Industry Special Interest Section of the American Occupational Therapy Association for a usable response rate of 38%. The findings indicate that using certified interpreters is the most common culturally adapted practice used in this setting. Occupational therapy practitioners with formal training were more likely to use many of the culturally adapted practices in therapy than those without formal training and …