Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Prevention Of Venous Thromboembolism In The At-Risk Patient, Marissa Simpson, Carly Hartman, Nikki Siefert

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Venous thromboembolism affects between 200,000 and 600,000 Americans each year. VTE has become the third most common cause of death in the United States and accounts for 15% of maternal related deaths in developed countries world-wide. Those who are most at risk are ones who have experienced trauma, surgery, upcoming or recent childbirth, CHF, cancer, paralysis, the elderly, and those who are immobile. The purpose of this study is to determine the most effective prevention method for VTE in the at-risk patient.

Hepatitis C Screening, Stanley Hunter Md

Family Medicine Scholarly Works

Clinical Question: Does screening baby boomers for Hepatitis C decrease mortality and/or save money?

Bottom Line Answer: Age-based screening for hepatitis C is cost effective ($4900 per QALY gained) for those born between 1945 and 1965.

College Drinking: A Call To Physicians, Shawn Sorrel, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The aim of this paper was to review literature related to prevalence of drinking on college campuses and current prevention practices targeting this population. This paper focuses on current data surrounding alcohol use and misuse. It further discusses strategies which have been successful to prevent alcohol abuse. Finally, it discusses the need for further research to determine the role of the physician in alcohol prevention at university student health services.

The Six Dimensions Of Wellness And Cognition In Aging Adults, Kelley A. Strout, Elizabeth P. Howard

Nursing Faculty Scholarship

Objective: Examine how wellness in six dimensions (occupational, social, intellectual, physical, emotional, and spiritual) protects cognition in aging adults. Background: cognitive impairment increases with age. Baby boomers represent a significant percent of the population at risk for cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment has a negative impact on nursing resources, health care finances, patient mortality, and quality of life. Wellness and prevention is one focus of Institute of Medicine’s vision for the future of nursing. Method: Literature was retrieved from Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and MEDLINE. Research that examined the affect of wellness in each of the six …

Achieving High Coverage In Rwanda's National Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Programme, Agnes Binagwaho, Claire Wagner, Maurice Gatera, Corine Karema, Cameron T. Nutt, Fidele Ngabo

Dartmouth Scholarship

Problem: Virtually all women who have cervical cancer are infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Of the 275000 women who die from cervical cancer every year, 88% live in developing countries. Two vaccines against the HPV have been approved. However, vaccine implementation in low-income countries tends to lag behind implementation in high-income countries by 15 to 20 years.

Approach: In 2011, Rwanda’s Ministry of Health partnered with Merck to offer the Gardasil HPV vaccine to all girls of appropriate age. The Ministry formed a “public–private community partnership” to ensure effective and equitable delivery.

Local setting: Thanks to a strong national …

Lyme Disease Prophylaxis: Idsa Guidelines, Kristine Cruz Md

Family Medicine Scholarly Works

Clinical Question: When should patients be given antibiotics for lyme prophylaxis after a tick bite?

Bottom Line Answer: To provide antibiotic prophylaxis for Lyme disease ALL of these criteria should be met:

• Tick identified as an adult or nymphal deer tick
• Attached for > or = 36 hours (by engorgement or time of exposure)
• Treatment started within 72 hours of tick removal
• Local rate of infection of ticks with B. Bourgdorferi >=20% (assumed in Vermont)
• Doxyclycline is not contraindicated

Wellness Promotion And The Institute Of Medicine's Future Of Nursing Report: Are Nurses Ready?, Kelley A. Strout Dr

Nursing Faculty Scholarship

This article highlights the gap between wellness in nursing practice and the mission statement of the Institute of Medicine's Future of Nursing Report. It explores wellness from 3 philosophical arguments, provides a historical evolution of wellness, and explores nurses' current understanding of wellness. Future directions for implementing wellness in nursing practice are provided for science, education, and leadership.

Multiple Peer Group Self-Identification And Adolescent Tobacco Use, C. Anderson Johnson, Juliana L. Fuqua, Peggy E. Gallaher, Jennifer B. Unger, Dennis R. Trinidad, Steve Sussman, Enrique Ortega

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Associations between peer group self-identification and smoking were examined among 2,698 ethnically diverse middle school students in Los Angeles who self-identified with groups such as Rockers, Skaters, and Gamers. The sample was 47.1% male, 54.7% Latino, 25.4% Asian, 10.8% White, 9.1% Other ethnicity, and 59.3% children of immigrant parents. Multiple group self identification was common: 84% identified with two or more groups and 65% identified with three or more groups. Logistic regression analyses indicated that as students endorsed more high risk groups, the greater their risk of tobacco use. A classification tree analysis identified risk groups based on interactions among …

Hidden Violence Is Silent Rape: Sexual And Gender-Based Violence In Refugees, Asylum Seekers And Undocumented Migrants In Belgium And The Netherlands, Ines Keygnaert, Nicole Vettenbu, Marleen Temmerman

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Although women, young people and refugees are vulnerable to sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) worldwide, little evidence exists concerning SGBV against refugees in Europe. Using community-based participatory research, 223 in-depth interviews were conducted with refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Belgium and the Netherlands. Responses were analysed using framework analysis. The majority of the respondents were either personally victimised or knew of a close peer being victimised since their arrival in the European Union. A total of 332 experiences of SGBV were reported, mostly afflicted on them by (ex-)partners or asylum professionals. More than half of the reported violent …

Conocimientos Y Conductas Sexuales En Trabajadores Migrantes (Arica, Chile), Anna Conley

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Background: The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to be prevalent and to expand in Chile, as in many other regions of Latin America and around the world. Furthermore, it continues to concentrate in distinct, vulnerable populations. Migrant workers represent one such vulnerable population. The HIV/AIDS epidemic disproportionately impacts migrant workers because of the social, economic, and psychological factors that are involved in both migratory behaviors and disease construction.

Aim: This study identified sexual health knowledge and sexual health behavior in the migrant laborer population of Arica, Chile. More specifically, it identified risk factors for HIV/AIDS and explored possible strategies for a preventative …

Hepatitis B In The United States: Ongoing Missed Opportunities For Hepatitis B Vaccination, Evidence From The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, 2007, F Ladak, A Gjelsvik, E Feller, S R. Rosenthal

Health & Wellness Department Faculty Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Drug Education In Victorian Schools (Devs): The Study Protocol For A Harm Reduction Focused School Drug Education Trial, Richard Midford, Helen Cahill, David Foxcroft, Leanne Lester, Lynne Venning, Robyn Ramsden, Michelle Pose

Research outputs 2012

Background: This study seeks to extend earlier Australian school drug education research by developing and measuring the effectiveness of a comprehensive, evidence-based, harm reduction focused school drug education program for junior secondary students aged 13 to 15 years. The intervention draws on the recent literature as to the common elements in effective school curriculum. It seeks to incorporate the social influence of parents through home activities. It also emphasises the use of appropriate pedagogy in the delivery of classroom lessons. Methods/Design. A cluster randomised school drug education trial will be conducted with 1746 junior high school students in 21 Victorian …

Prevention Of Obesity-Associated Colon Cancer By (-)-Epigallocatechin-3 Gallate And Curcumin, Jiezhong Chen

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Obesity is now recognised as a major global health problem. It accounts for a large proportion of the population and is increasing in both developed and developing countries. Epidemiological evidence and studies in animal models showed that obesity increased the incidence of colon cancer. As obesity is difficult to prevent and treat, it is important to find effective approaches to prevent obesity-associated colon cancer. The prevention strategy should be different from that used for the treatment as clinically used drugs are not suitable for the prevention due to side-effects and cost. Phytochemicals are ideal for the prevention. This review summarises …

Nothing As Practical As A Good Theory? The Theoretical Basis Of Hiv Prevention Interventions For Young People In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review, Kristien Michielsen, Matthew Chersich, Marleen Temmerman, Tessa Dooms, Ronan Van Rossem

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

This paper assesses the extent to which HIV prevention interventions for young people in sub-Saharan Africa are grounded in theory and if theory-based interventions are more effective. Three databases were searched for evaluation studies of HIV prevention interventions for youth. Additional articles were identified on websites of international organisations and through searching references. 34 interventions were included; 25 mentioned the use of theory. Social Cognitive Theory was most prominent (n = 13), followed by Health Belief Model (n = 7), and Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behaviour (n = 6). These cognitive behavioural theories assume that cognitions drive sexual behaviour. Reporting …