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A Network Thermodynamic Approach To Compartmental Analysis: Na+ Transients In Frog Skin, D. C. Mikulecky, E. G. Huf, S. R. Thomas

Physiology and Biophysics Publications

We introduce a general network thermodynamic method for compartmental analysis which uses a compartmental model of sodium flows through frog skin as an illustrative example (Huf and Howell, 1974a). We use network thermodynamics (Mikulecky et al., 1977b) to formulate the problem, and a circuit simulation program (ASTEC 2, SPICE2, or PCAP) for computation. In this way, the compartment concentrations and net fluxes between compartments are readily obtained for a set of experimental conditions involving a square-wave pulse of labeled sodium at the outer surface of the skin. Qualitative features of the influx at the outer surface correlate very well with …

Early Diagnosis Of Relapse In Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia — Serologic Detection Of Leukemia-Associated Antigens In Human Marrow, Michael A. Baker , M.D., Judith A. Falk , B.Sc., Walter H. Carter , Ph.D., Robert N. Taub , M.D., Ph.D.

Internal Medicine Publications

Abstract

We tested serial bone-marrow samples from 47 adults with acute myeloblastic leukemia in remission for reactivity with heteroantiserums to leukemia-associated antigens, to determine whether imminent relapse could be detected in patients with acute leukemia. Of 26 patients who relapsed by standard morphologic criteria, 21 had increased immunoreactivity of bone marrow for one to six months (mean, 3.7 months) before relapse. High concordance was observed between a positive test and relapse during the period of study (chi-square = 27.53, P

Human Infection From An Unidentified Erythrocyte-Associated Bacterium, Gordon L. Archer , M.D., Philip H. Coleman , D.V.M., Ph.D., Roger M. Cole , M.D., Ph.D., Richard J. Duma , M.D., Ph.D., Charles L. Johnston , Jr., M.D.

Internal Medicine Publications

Abstract

A 49-year-old splenectomized man had an infection from an unidentified, gram-positive, rodshaped bacterium that adhered to the majority of his peripheral-blood erythrocytes. On transmission electron microscopy, the bacterium was seen to be extraerythrocytic and was 0.2 μm wide by 1.0 to 1.7 μm long. It possessed a thick, granular cell wall, a trilamellar membrane external to the cell wall and prominent mesosomes. Attempts to cultivate the organism in vitro or to duplicate the patient's disease in splenectomized animals were unsuccessful. The patient's response suggested that the bacterium was susceptible to cell-wall-active antibiotics and to chloramphenicol but not to tetracycline. …

A Comparison Of Amphotericin B Alone And Combined With Flucytosine In The Treatment Of Cryptoccal Meningitis, John E. Bennett , M.D., William E. Dismukes , M.D., Richard J. Duma , M.D., Gerald Medoff , M.D., Merle A. Sande , M.D., Harry Gallis , M.D., John Leonard , M.D., Branch T. Fields , M.D., Major Bradshaw , M.D., Hubert Haywood , M.D., Zell A. Mcgee , M.D., Thomas R. Cate , M.D., C. Glenn Cobbs , M.D., John F. Warner , M.D., David W. Alling , M.D., Ph.D.

Internal Medicine Publications

Abstract

We compared amphotericin B therapy for cryptococcal meningitis with a newer regimen containing both amphotericin B and flucytosine. In 50 patients with 51 courses of therapy adherent to the protocol, 27 courses were with amphotericin B and 24 with the combination. Even though the combination regimen was given for only six weeks and amphotericin B for 10 weeks, the combination cured or improved more patients (16 vs. 11), produced fewer failures or relapses (three vs. 11), more rapid sterilization of the cerebrospinal fluid (P<0.001) and less nephrotoxicity (P<0.05) than did amphotericin B alone. The number of deaths was the same (five) with each regimen. Adverse reactions to flucytosine occurred in 11 of 34 patients but were not life threatening. We conclude that combined flucytosine-amphoericin B therapy is the regimen of choice in cryptococcal meningitis. (N Engl J Med 301:126–131, 1979)

[Beta]-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)Ethanolamine Hydrochloride [2-Amino-1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)Ethanol Hydrochloride], Alexandros Makriyannis, James B. Anderson, Joseph T. Dipiro, Edward Kostiner, Gilbert Hite

Publications from the Office of the Dean

CsH~2NO2+.C1 -, m.p. 441-449 K (from ethyl acetate), P212~2 l, a = 7.363 (2), b = 21.824 (6), c = 5.790 (2)/~, Z = 4, D x = 1.354, D m = 1.356 Mg m -3 (flotation: CC14-C6H6). The structure was solved by MULTAN. Full-matrix least-squares refinement converged to R = 0.057 for the R configuration and to R = 0.056 for the S configuration (P < 0.05). This is consistent with spontaneous resolution of the title compound, single crystals of which provided optically active aqueous solutions. A partially occupied oxygen site O(1)' is attributed to the oxidation of the alkyl hydroxyl group to a ketone during the data collection. The CI- is hydrogen bonded to H2(N)554, H3(N)555, and 1-t(O2)655 (2.37, 2-19, and 2.10 A). Both O(1) and 0(2) are internally hydrogen bonded [HI(N)...O(1), 2.41 and H(O1)...O(2) = 2.24 A]. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding may account for the unusual pharmacological properties of this compound in which only the N-C(1)-C(2)-O(1) and the O(1)-C(2)- C(3)-C(4) and O(1)-C(2)-C(3)-C(8) torsion angles (-41, -60, +122 ° ) differ significantly from those of other phenylethanolamines.

A Network Thermodynamic Two-Port Element To Represent The Coupled Flow Of Salt And Current. Improved Alternative For The Equivalent Circuit, D. C. Mikulecky

Physiology and Biophysics Publications

A two-port for coupled salt and current flow is created by using the network thermodynamic approach in the same manner as that for coupled solute and volume flow (Mikulecky et al., 1977b; Mikulecky, 1977). This electrochemical two-port has distinct advantages over the equivalent circuit representation and overcomes difficulties pointed out by Finkelstein and Mauro (1963). The electrochemical two-port is used to produce a schematic diagram of the coupled flows through a tissue. The network is superimposable on the tissue morphology and preserves the physical qualities of the flows and forces in each part of an organized structure (e.g., an epithelium). …