Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Obesity On Outcomes In Trauma Injury: Overview Of The Current Literature, Milad Modarresi, Brad Gillon, Javad Najjar Mojarrab, Rodrigo Aguilar, Zackary Dylan Hunter, Matthew Steven Schade, Jackie Sanabria, Rebecca Klug, Seth Adkins, Juan R. Sanabria

Juan R. Sanabria

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is now considered a chronic disease by the National Institute of Health (NIH) in the West. Its impact on trauma outcomes is of particular interest with several studies presenting conflicting information. The present overview suggests a strong association between obesity and injury severity, hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, pattern of injury, rate of complications and mortality. The nature of the observations may relate to an underlying physiological state of the obese patient and its associated comorbidities with a constant heightened inflammatory state aggravated by the second hit on an …

Editorial Comment: Obesity In America, Elizaveta Walker, Bruce M. Wolfe

Elizaveta Walker

Whole Genome Sequence Analysis Of The Tallyho/Jng Mouse, James Denvir, Goran Boskovic, Jun Fan, Donald A. Primerano, Jacaline K. Parkman, Jung Han Kim

Jung Han Kim

Background: The TALLYHO/Jng (TH) mouse is a polygenic model for obesity and type 2 diabetes first described in the literature in 2001. The origin of the TH strain is an outbred colony of the Theiler Original strain and mice derived from this source were selectively bred for male hyperglycemia establishing an inbred strain at The Jackson Laboratory. TH mice manifest many of the disease phenotypes observed in human obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Results: We sequenced the whole genome of TH mice maintained at Marshall University to a depth of approximately 64.8X coverage using data from three next generation sequencing …

Whole Genome Sequence Analysis Of The Tallyho/Jng Mouse, James Denvir, Goran Boskovic, Jun Fan, Donald A. Primerano, Jacaline K. Parkman, Jung Han Kim

Jun Fan

Background: The TALLYHO/Jng (TH) mouse is a polygenic model for obesity and type 2 diabetes first described in the literature in 2001. The origin of the TH strain is an outbred colony of the Theiler Original strain and mice derived from this source were selectively bred for male hyperglycemia establishing an inbred strain at The Jackson Laboratory. TH mice manifest many of the disease phenotypes observed in human obesity and type 2 diabetes. Results: We sequenced the whole genome of TH mice maintained at Marshall University to a depth of approximately 64.8X coverage using data from three next generation sequencing …

Whole Genome Sequence Analysis Of The Tallyho/Jng Mouse, James Denvir, Goran Boskovic, Jun Fan, Donald A. Primerano, Jacaline K. Parkman, Jung Han Kim

Goran Boskovic

Background: The TALLYHO/Jng (TH) mouse is a polygenic model for obesity and type 2 diabetes first described in the literature in 2001. The origin of the TH strain is an outbred colony of the Theiler Original strain and mice derived from this source were selectively bred for male hyperglycemia establishing an inbred strain at The Jackson Laboratory. TH mice manifest many of the disease phenotypes observed in human obesity and type 2 diabetes. Results: We sequenced the whole genome of TH mice maintained at Marshall University to a depth of approximately 64.8X coverage using data from three next generation sequencing …

Whole Genome Sequence Analysis Of The Tallyho/Jng Mouse, James Denvir, Goran Boskovic, Jun Fan, Donald A. Primerano, Jacaline K. Parkman, Jung Han Kim

Donald A. Primerano

Background: The TALLYHO/Jng (TH) mouse is a polygenic model for obesity and type 2 diabetes first described in the literature in 2001. The origin of the TH strain is an outbred colony of the Theiler Original strain and mice derived from this source were selectively bred for male hyperglycemia establishing an inbred strain at The Jackson Laboratory. TH mice manifest many of the disease phenotypes observed in human obesity and type 2 diabetes. Results: We sequenced the whole genome of TH mice maintained at Marshall University to a depth of approximately 64.8X coverage using data from three next generation sequencing …

Whole Genome Sequence Analysis Of The Tallyho/Jng Mouse, James Denvir, Goran Boskovic, Jun Fan, Donald A. Primerano, Jacaline K. Parkman, Jung Han Kim

James Denvir

Background: The TALLYHO/Jng (TH) mouse is a polygenic model for obesity and type 2 diabetes first described in the literature in 2001. The origin of the TH strain is an outbred colony of the Theiler Original strain and mice derived from this source were selectively bred for male hyperglycemia establishing an inbred strain at The Jackson Laboratory. TH mice manifest many of the disease phenotypes observed in human obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Results: We sequenced the whole genome of TH mice maintained at Marshall University to a depth of approximately 64.8X coverage using data from three next generation sequencing …

Randomized Vitamin D Supplementation In Vitamin D Deficient Obese Children From West Virginia, Yoram Elitsur Md, Deborah L. Preston

Yoram Elitsur

Objective: Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency is a very common problem in obese children, but clinical guidelines for maintenance or treatment have not been published for this population. The aim was to assess the benefit of 2 months Vit D supplementation given to deficient obese children from WV. Design: Vit D deficient obese children were prospectively recruited. Exclusion criteria included <8 years, and medical conditions that may affect Vit D homeostasis. Participants were randomized into two supplement groups: 5,000IU/day (Group A) or 50,000IU/week (Group B). Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured at baseline and post-treatment. Results: Sixty obese children were screened of whom 39 (65%) were deficient (<20ng/ml). Of the 39 recruited, 26 completed the study. The mean serum 25(OH)D after 2 months treatment were significantly higher in Group B (p= 0.02), but most reached normal levels (>30ng/ml). Conclusions: Two months Vit D supplementation (5000IU/day or 50,000IU/week) was sufficient to normalize 25(OH)D levels in Vit D deficient obese West Virginian children.

Invited Commentary: It's About The Weight Loss, Bruce M. Wolfe, Elizaveta Walker

Elizaveta Walker

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of An Unfractioned Heparin Pharmacy Dosing Protocol For The Treatment Of Venous Thromboembolism In Nonobese, Obese, And Severely Obese Patients, Chad A. Knoderer, Lindsey M. Hosch, Emily Y. Breedlove, Lauren E. Scono

Chad A. Knoderer

Background: Despite large interpatient variability in dose response, heparin is utilized for treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Current data on the optimal heparin dosing in obese patients are conflicting. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the time and dose required to achieve a therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in nonobese, obese, and severely obese patients using a pharmacist-directed heparin dosing protocol. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study in a single-center community hospital inpatient setting. Adult patients receiving heparin for VTE treatment from July 1, 2013, to July 31, 2015, were evaluated. Patients were categorized into 3 groups: nonobese …

Vitamin D Status And Demographic And Lifestyle Determinants Among Adults In The United States (Nhanes 2001-2006), Yan Cao, Katie L. Callahan, Sreenivas P. Veeranki, Yang Chen, Ying Liu, Shimin Zheng

Shimin Zheng

This study looked at risk factors associated with vitamin D levels in the body among a representative sample of adults in the U.S., NHANES III (2001-2006) data were used to assess the relationship between several demographic and health risk factors and vitamin D levels in the body. The Baseline-Category Logit Model was used to test the association between vitamin D level and the potential risk factors age, education, ethnicity, poverty status, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, obesity, diabetes and total cholesterol with both genders. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were significantly associated with age, race, education, physical activity, obesity, diabetes and …

Prevalence Of And Risk Factors For Adolescent Obesity In Tennessee Using The 2010 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (Yrbs) Data: An Analysis Using Weighted Hierarchical Logistic Regression, Shimin Zheng, Nicole Holt, Jodi L. Southerland, Yan Cao, Trevor Taylor, Deborah L. Slawson, Mark Bloodworth

Shimin Zheng

Background: The rate of adolescent overweight and obesity has more than quadrupled over the past few decades, and has become a major public health problem [1]. In 2011, 55% of 12-19 year olds in the United States (U.S.) were overweight or obese [2]. Adolescence is a pivotal time in which many health risk behaviors such as tobacco, alcohol, and drug use are initiated. Such health risk behaviors have been significantly associated with overweight and obesity among adolescents. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between obesity and the health risk behaviors most commonly associated with premature …

Mobile Health Interventions For Adult Obesity In The United States: Analysis Of Effectiveness And Efficacy, David P. Paul Iii, Keerthi Gochipathala, Alberto Coustasse, Bezawit Wodajo, Niharika Bhardwaj

Alberto Coustasse, DrPH, MD, MBA, MPH

The Unites States continues to struggle with the negative health effects associated with increasing population obesity, a problem which has been historically difficult, if not impossible, to solve. Mobile health applications represent a potential partial solution to this problem. We examine the existing literature on the effects of mobile health applications on body weight, waist circumference, BMI, and lifestyle, examining both physical findings as well as adherence, satisfaction and cost effectiveness. The use of mobile for weight reduction looks promising, but evidence is mixed, which is not surprising given the rapidly evolving nature of the mobile application field.