Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Bilateral Inguinal Hernia Repair Comparative Study Between The Laparoscopic Total Extraperitoneal (Tapp) And Stoppa Approaches, Mohammed K. Ibrahim, Eslam T. Ghalwash, Ahmed R. Abd El-Azeem

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background - A special entity among inguinal hernias is represented by bilateral hernia. The optimal surgical approach must be selected individually for the patient, taking into account patient age, hernia size, primary or recurrent status, type of anesthesia, occupation, and patient activities.

Aim - To evaluate and compare bilateral-inguinal-hernia in management STOPPA & laparoscopic (TAPP) approaches.

Patients and Methods - Thirty (30) patients presented in the outpatient clinics complaining of bilateral inguinal hernia were randomly divide; Group I 15 patients for TAPP repair and Group II 15 patients for Stoppa repair. which was done at Al-Azhar University hospitals and Shebin …

Evaluation Of Light Weight Mesh In Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair, Mahmoud Mohamed Ibrahim Eisa, Marwan Mansour Mohamed, Mohamed Abdelrahman Mohamed Ebrahim

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: When compared to heavier weight meshes, lighter meshes are thought to integrate into the abdominal wall with less inflammation because they have wider pores and stimulate the formation of collagen, Aim: The aim of this study was to compare and offer a concise and current review of the results of laparoscopic inguinal repairs utilising either brand-new lightweight mesh or conventional heavyweight mesh in controlled investigations. Patients and Methods: This research was conducted at Al-Matarya teaching hospital and El-Hussein Hospital of Al-Azhar University as a two-arm single-blinded randomised prospective controlled trial. All trial participants underwent laparoscopic TAPP inguinal hernia repair …

Total Thyroidectomy In The Management Of Graves' Disease, Mahamoud Mohamed Abo El Yazed, Adel Mohammad Abdul-Haleim Lasheen, Abdella Nazeer Yasieno, Abd Elnaby Saeid Ismaiel, Mohammed Ibrahim Hassan Rashed

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background; Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland in which thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) stimulate thyroid stimulating hormone receptors (TSH-R), thereby increasing thyroid hormone production and release , Aim and objectives: The aim of this work was to evaluate the outcome of total thyroidectomy in the treatment of Graves' disease. Patient and methods; Fifty patients have goitre was prospectively studied. All patients were undergoing capsular dissection total thyroidectomy after preoperative preparation at Al-Hussein University Hospital. Result; As regard Postoperative parameters distribution between the two studied groups, we found that there is a significant difference between the …

Evaluation Of Laser Ablation In Treatment Of Pilonidal Sinus Short Title: Laser In Pilonidal Sinus, Muhammad Fathy Sharaf, Ibrahim Aboulfotoh Muhammad, Bilal Muhammad Mansour

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Pilonidal sinus (PNS) is defined as a tract or cavity in subcutaneous tissue of natal cleft of the sacrococcygeal area. PNS usually complicated by repeated infection and chronic inflammation. It is a widespread condition with a reported incidence of 26 per 100,000. Despite being a benign illness, it limits patients' everyday activities due to discomfort, discharge, and occasionally unpleasant odder.

Aim of the study: The purpose of this research is to assess the efficacy of laser ablation as a less invasive method for treating PNS.

Patients and methods: This case series study was performed on 30 patients collectively who …

Evaluation Of Prostaglandin E1 Analogues To Promote Wound Healing After Infrapopliteal Angioplasty In Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia, Mohamed Moukhtar Abd Al-Fattah Elbnawany, Alaa Eddin Mostafa Kamal Sharaby, Ahmed Saied Ahmed Daha

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Introduction: Revascularization is the cornerstone of critical limb ischemia (CLI) treatment for lower limb preservation.2 Prostaglandins E1 analogues has a vasodilator effect. Its pharmacological effect have been documented in preclinical and clinical studies.3 this study aim to study the evaluation of prostaglandins E1 analogue to promote wound healing in patients affected by ischemic foot ulcers after infra-popliteal angioplasty.

Patients and methods: This is prospective cohort study conducted on 40 patients with critical limb ischemia after failed infrapopliteal angioplasty. Wound assessment was done according to WIFI classification. After debridement of ischemic wound, prostaglandins E1 analogues infusion administered twice daily. additionally, we …

Keystone Versus Rhomboid Flaps In The Management Of The Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal Disease; A Prospective Randomized Trial In A Tertiary Surgical Center, Osama Fathy Almezaien

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Surgery for pilonidal disease (PND) entails a variety of procedures with no global consensus regarding the optimal procedure for that entity. Surgeons should seek alternative options to improve patient outcomes. The keystone flap has been applied to cover defects involving the trunk and peripheral limbs, with some evidence of success in PND patients.

Aim and objectives: Herein, we compared the keystone and rhomboid flaps in the management of patients with primary PND.

Methodology: This prospective trial included 108 PND patients who were randomly assigned into two groups; the keystone group and the rhomboid group. The patients were followed for …

Effect Of Sleeve Gastroectomy On Infertility In Females With Polcystic Ovaries Syndrome, Walid Rafat Abdelaty, Wael Soliman Taha Soliman

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background:

A 9 percent fraction of the people who contributed were asymptomatic. It had also been inquired of the participants as to whether or not they suffered from any other medical ailments. 52.5 percent of the women were fat, although only 29 percent of them had any other medical issues. The patient's self-assessment was utilized as the only basis for determining whether or not a patient was obese. 14 percent of the various contributions were diagnosed with thyroid illness.

Aim of the work: This find out about aimed to look at and to discover the impact of a gastric sleeve …

Prophylactic Cholecystectomy During Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Operation, Mohamed Sobhy Teama, Abdelhafez Abdelaziz Selim, Ahmed Hamdy Ahmed Elwakedy

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background; One of the biggest issues facing public health is obesity. The World Health Organization considers obesity to be an epidemic in developed nations and is concerned about the toll it has on people's health, healthcare systems, and economies in general, Aim and objectives: This prospective case control study's objective was to assess the frequency of cholelithiasis after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in patients who were morbidly obese and had no prior history of calcular cholecystitis. Patient and methods: This study a prospective case control study was carried on 100 patients with morbid obesity admitted to alazhar university hospitals and damanhour …

Incidence And Management Of Vomiting After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy, Mohamed Arafat Abdul-Maksoud, Osama Al-Mezaien, Mohamed Atta Hassanain Swelam

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Introduction: morbid obesity is a serious health concern on a global scale. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy remains one of the safest and most effective modern surgical options for the treatment of morbid obesity. Although the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is safe and efficacious, post-operative vomiting is abundantly common and problematic. Aim: This study's objective was to assess the frequency of vomiting six months after a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, it's causes with investigations and ways of management. Patients and methods: This study comprised eighty (80) people who were morbidly obese. Preoperative evaluations and a 6-month postoperative follow-up were performed on all patients undergoing …

Comparative Study Between Effect Of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gasterecomy And Laparoscopic Mini Gastric Bypass On Cholesterol And Triglycerides In Obese Patients, Mostafa Mahmoud Ismail Elmohr, Mohamed Ibrahim Al Anany, Ahmed Abd El Aal Sultan

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Only bariatric surgery has been demonstrated to produce sustained weight loss and alleviation of obesity-related health complications. Named laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Mini Gastric Bypass. Objectives: to assess the effects of the two surgical procedure of bariatric surgery, MGB & sleeve gastrectomy, on total cholesterol (HDL-LDL) and TG, and to compare the findings among the two groups. Patients and Methods: This research was performed on twenty four morbidly obese individuals with dyslipidemia. This includes twelve cases that underwent MGB Group one and twelve cases Group two underwent sleeve gastrectomy ,The anthropometric data and lipid profile of patients were evaluated …

Evaluation Of The Role Of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Prior To Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy, Helaly Boray Ahmed Ibrahiem, Ahmed Ibrahim Shehata Kawashty, Osama Othman Aly Khalil

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background; Undergoing routine upper gastro intestinal endoscopy before LSG is still a matter of debate till now. Aim and objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in obese patients prior to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as regard the presence or absence of any causes of GERD, hiatus hernia, gastric ulcer, or other upper G I T abnormality. Patients and methods: This prospective study was conducted at Al-Azhar University Hospitals from March 2020 March 2022. Result; One week before the operation all patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Only 6 patients (10%) had normal upper …

Prevalence Of Breast Cancer Among Patients With Non-Bloody Breast Discharge, Mohamed Ahmed Saeed, Emad Ads Elewesy, Al-Sayed Mohamed Tealeb, Mohamed Hussein Ali Mohamed

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Up to 80% of women will have an incidence of nipple discharge, making it the third most prevalent breast-related symptom. Nipple discharge is usually considered as physiologic if it is bilateral, non-bloody from multiple ducts and not associated with mass, pain or hormonal disturbance. Mammography has a poor sensitivity for abnormality identification in individuals with pathologic nipple discharge. As a result, other tests including galactography, ultrasound, MRI, and cytology must be added to mammography. Diagnostic mammography and sub areolar ultrasound are the preferred imaging modalities for pathologic nipple discharge. Aim: Objective of the study is to evaluate the incidence …

The Effect Of Bariatric Surgery On Infertility In Obese Females, Ashraf Abd El-Hamid Abd El-Moneim, Mohammed Sobhy Taema, Yousof El-Sayed Abou Shady, Mostafa Mohammed Ibrahim Darwesh

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background; Obesity is becoming more common among women of reproductive age all around the world. Currently, it is believed that bariatric surgery is the most efficient, long-term solution to this issue. Aim and objectives; to evaluate the effectiveness & results of bariatric surgery on females with 1ry or 2ry infertility following the procedure, Subjects and methods: 40 participants participated in this prospective, randomised, and double-blind trial presented by morbid obesity with subsequent obstacles on fertility & pregnancy. All patients were submitted to surgical treatment for obesity from November 2018 to November 2020 in the general surgery ward of Al-Azhar university …

Surgical Management Of Female Breast Cancer Patients After Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy For Infiltrating Duct Carcinoma, Saif El-Din Mahmoud El-Soudani, Mohamed Abdel Fattah Imam, Osama El-Said Abdallah Mohammed

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background; Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is defined as standard of care for management of advanced breast cancer & is being used for females with earlier stage disease, however this therapy has been confined for those with inoperable breast cancer, Aim and objectives; to assess surgical management of woman breast cancer studied cases after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for infiltrating ductal carcinoma, Subjects & techniques; This research will be carried on 60 female studied cases ranging from 20-60 years old, who will be recruited from the surgical oncology department in AL-Hussein and Sayed Galal hospitals and Damanhour Oncology Center, Al-Azhar university hospitals and all …

Management Of Leak After Gastrointestinal Surgeries, Alaa Amer Mohamed El-Sayed, Mohamed Sobhy Teama, Abdulhafz Abdulaziz Abddulhafz

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background:

A rate of 4-8% of gastrointestinal surgical complications include fistula and anastomotic leakage of the upper gastrointestinal tract. When done for cancer, postoperative leaks following esophagectomy and gastroplasty occur in around 7%-8% of patients.

Aim of the work: The main aim of this study is to reach the ideal management for each leak according to site of the anastomosis. The goal of this update is to present the general principles of diagnosis, and treatment of AL in gastrointestinal surgery, with a specific focus on esophagogastric, bariatric, small bowel and colorectal surgery.

Patient and method: This research was carried out …

An Observational Study Of The Association Of Preoperative Mri Findings And Intraoperative Findings In Patients With Fistula In Ano, Tushar Sharmaa, Nabal K. Mishra, Shyam Lal, Tanweer Karim, Rahul Rohitaj, Gaurav Patel

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective To assess the precision of preoperative MRI pelvis for identification of anal fistulas with regard to intraoperative findings. Patients and methods A prospective observational cohort study was done in the Department of General Surgery, over a period of 18 months (October 2019–April 2021) during which all diagnosed cases of fistula in ano admitted for elective surgery were included and operated by an experienced surgeon. MRI and clinical evaluation were done preoperatively and correlated with intraoperative findings. Patients were followed up for 12 weeks during which recurrence and complications were noted. Results The mean age of the patients was 36.98 …

Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Egypt: A Comprehensive Treatment Modalities, Mahmoud Abd Alhady Abd Al-Aziz Abd Alhad, Hesham Abbas Alabady Radwan, Ahmed Ali Ali Assem, Mohamed Mousa Hegazy, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Mohamed Alkenawy, Mohamed Hassan Attia Hassan

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background Hepato-cellular carcinoma is the fifth most common neoplasm in the world and the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide. HCC is responsible for more than one million deaths annually worldwide, representing 10% of all deaths from cancer. Objective To determine the different survival rates of HCC after different modalities of management: Radio-Frequency Ablation (RFA), Trans Arterial Chemo Embolization (TACE), Liver Resection and Living Donor Liver Transplantation (LDLT). Patients and Methods This study was conducted on fifty patients having hepatocellular carcinoma during the period from March 2014 to May 2017. They were classified according to their ages into …

One Stage Procedure Versus Two Stages Procedure In Management Of Obstructed Non-Perforated Cancer Colon, Magdy Basheer, Mahmoud Neamatallah, Ashraf Abbas, Mohamed Shetiwy

Mansoura Medical Journal

Background: The surgical management of large bowel emergency patients remains controversial. However, there has been an increasing trend toward primary reconstructive surgery. Objective: To evaluate one-stage procedure versus two-stage procedure in cases presented with obstructed nonperforated cancer colon in terms of operative time, hospital stay, postoperative complications, peri-operative mortality, and quality of life. Patients and methods: A prospective randomized study was conducted at Emergency Mansoura University Hospitals. A total of 50 cases diagnosed with obstructed nonperforated cancer colon were randomly allocated into two groups; the first group included 25 cases who underwent the one-stage approach, and the second one included …

A Case Of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Presenting In The Adult As Gastric Volvulus, Sajal Gupta, Ismail Khan, Indu B. Dubey, Mayank Verma

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

We report a case of an adult patient who was referred to the surgical emergency for the evaluation of acute abdominal pain and vomiting. Radiograph chest showed a left-sided cavity, which was misleading to lung pathology. A suspicion of gastric volvulus was kept in mind on seeing the stomach in the radiograph. Computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia. The insertion of the Ryle’s tube corrected the gastric volvulus. An immediate laparotomy was done for the closure of the diaphragmatic gap and reduction of the herniated contents. The patient responded well and was discharged in a week.

Glyceryl Trinitrate Cream Versus Lateral Sphincterotomy In Management Of Chronic Anal Fissure: A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study, Naser T. Elshamy

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective The aim is to compare complications and long-term outcome of two treatment modalities of chronic anal fissure: chemical sphincterotomy by glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) cream and lateral internal sphincterotomy. Background Treatment of chronic anal fissure is achieved by the reduction in the tone of the internal anal sphincter either chemically or surgically. Patients and methods In the period from November 2013 to October 2015, all patients who were admitted to the Department of General Surgery in Shebin Elkom Teaching Hospital complaining of chronic anal fissure were included in the study. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients were selected and …

The Predictive Ability Of Interleukin-6 For Infection After Major Surgery, Naser T. Elshamy, Salama M. Elshennawy, Mahmoud A. Donia

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective The aim was to evaluate the role of interleukin (IL)-6 in prediction of infection after major surgeries. Background An early sensitive and specific marker for postoperative infection would be of interest. The cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-10 have been shown to relate to the severity of postoperative sepsis and patient outcome. Patients and methods The study was conducted prospectively at Shebin Elkom Teaching hospital in the period from January 2015 to October 2016 on 50 consecutive patients undergoing elective major surgical procedures. Septic complications were recorded for 4 days postoperatively. For evaluation, patients were allocated into two groups …

Round-Block Technique In Management Of Conservative Breast Surgery., Abbas Ahmed El-Sayed El-Sayed, Mohama Mohamad Abd-El Rhman Al-Kordy, Mohamad Ibrahem Shlamesh

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: A periareolar doughnut incision is used in the circular block procedure, which is a novel method of breast resection. However, it requires more technical skill & takes longer to complete. Method: The purpose of this trial was focus upon the use of round-block technique in conservative oncoplastic breast cancer surgery as a form of treatment option regarding oncological safety, efficacy, final cosmetic results on the quality of life & the contentment of the individual receiving treatment, advantages and disadvantages. This was an observational cross sectional study that was conducted on (40) patients with early breast cancer treated by conservative …

Assessment Of Suture Line Reinforcement Via Omentopexy In Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy, Ahmed Mohamed Abd El-Ghany Shibl, Abd El-Wahab Madbouly Abd El-Wahab, Eslam Taha Ghalwash

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Initially, the Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) was considered a viable independent bariatric surgery, rather than solely serving as the initial phase of a two-stage laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. In 1988, Hess was the first surgeon to execute a sleeve gastrectomy (SG), which was at the time a component of another malabsorptive treatment known as the biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. The encouraging results of SG in terms of weight reduction and resolution of comorbidities as a first stage, paired with a low rate of complications, has encouraged the global emergence and monumentally rapid dissemination of SG as a standalone …

Drug-Coated Balloon Versus Plain Balloon Angioplasty For Infrapopliteal Lesions In Patients With Critical Limb Ischaemia, Shady Hesham Ahmed Abd Elmohty, Omar Mokhtar Ibrahim, Mohamed Hamza Hamed

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Peripheral ischemia of the lower extremity is a condition that is prevalent worldwide and that is likely to increase with age. The increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the population lead to increased proportion of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Objective of this study is to compare effects of paclitaxel-eluting Balloon (PEB) and plain balloon (PB) angioplasty patency rate and efficacy in patients with critical infra popliteal ischemic lesions.

Material and Methods: This randomized controlled trial followed, for 12 months, fifty patients with atherosclerotic disease of the infrapopliteal limb lesions, ischemic ulcer, tissue loss and rest pain. Patients …

Comparative Study Between Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy And Laparoscopic Mini Gastric Bypass In Control Of Type2 Diabetes Mellitus In Obese Patients, Mohamed Fathy Mohamed Sharaf, Mohamed Mostafa Tag Eldin, Hussam Ebrahim Mohammed Salama

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Recent diabetes treatment recommendations state that weight reduction should be the rational and most practical method of treating Type 2 diabetes given the significance of obesity in the genesis of the disease. Bariatric surgery is increasingly used as the preferred therapy for people with extreme obesity, with the exception of certain pharmacological and nutritional therapies. Aim and Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of controlling T2DM in obese individuals with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass. Patients and methods: The Al-Azhar university hospitals hosted a randomized controlled trial that took place between May 2022 and August 2023. Using the …

A Comparative Study Between Portacath Insertion In Jugular Vein Or Basilic Vein For Chemotherapy Infusion In Cancer Patients, Hany Abdulmomen Abdulfattah, Reda Othman Abbas, Anas Hisham Elsayed

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: The fully implantable indwelling catheter known as port-cath, port-a-cath, or simply port, which offers high insertion success rates, is now the technology of choice for this use. Fully implanted catheters can be introduced through the superior vena cava system by catheterizing deep or superficial veins. Aim: Comparing the outcomes of jugal portacath or basilic portacath insertion in terms of its benefits, drawbacks, efficacy, and patency in an effort to select the approach with the fewest complications. Subject and Methods: Thirty patients in the department of vascular surgery at Al- Azhar University Hospitals in Cairo participated in this prospective, randomised …

Comparative Study Of Outcome Of Duplex Ultrasound Guided Catheter Directed Foam Sclerotherapy And Radiofrequency Ablation In The Management Of Great Saphenous Varicose Veins, Ahmed Mousa Hafez Abdelhamid, Mohamed Ibrahim Abd El-Rahman Hammoda, Ahmed Mohammady Mohammed Mohammed

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background; Lower leg varicose veins were described as dilated subcutaneous veins more than 3mm in diameter when assessed while standing, Aim and objectives: to assess the effectiveness of radiofrequency (RF) ablation therapy with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) for the treatment of primary, uncomplicated great saphenous vein varicosities, Subjects and methods: This prospective Randomized study was performed between June and December 2022, in the of vascular surgery department of the Al-Azhar University Hospitals (Al-Hussein and Sayed Galal).

The 40 patients were divided into two groups:

Group (A): 20 patients with non-complicated primary varicose veins and treated by radiofrequency ablation of GSV. …

Fast Track Protocol In Bariatric Surgery, Magdy Mahmoud Moustafa, Mohamed Hassan El-Kasser, Hossam El-Din Abd El-Latif Habib

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Overweight and obese are linked to a significant increase in the type2 DM, Hypertension, Cardiovascular disease, NASH, Gallbladder diseases, sleep apnea syndrome, arthritis, several tumors, and GERD. Weight loss surgery is referred to as bariatric surgery. The four most popular bariatric surgical methods are adjustable gastric banding (AGB), gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) (5), and sleeve gastrectomy with sleeve irradiation (SASI). A Fast Track Pathway is a multidisciplinary technique to improve postoperative recovery and decrease morbidity by decreasing surgical stress and its repercussions. Stress-Free surgery Aim: Evaluating applications of a Fast Track Protocol in bariatric surgery in order to …

Efficacy Of Prophylactic Sub Lay Non-Absorbable Mesh Positioning Following Midline Laparotomy In A Clean Abdominal Operations, Magdy Mahmoud Moustafa, Osama Fathy Al-Mezaien, Nasser Khaled Kareem Saed

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: An incisional hernia is a common issue that arises after a midline laparotomy. The prevalence rate may be as high as 70% in some high-risk groups.

Aim and objectives: The research was conducted to determine how effective preventive sub lay mesh repair is for reducing the occurrence of midline incisional hernia following laparotomy in clean abdominal procedures.

Subjects and methods: General surgery wards of Al-Azhar University Medical Centers were used for this prospective randomised control trial. Thirty patients receiving midline laparotomy in clean fields participated in this research. One group (the Mesh group) underwent sub-lay closure supported by non-absorbable …

Reduction Mammoplasty For Non Cosmetic Indications, Mohamed Ahmed Saeed, Adel Mohammad Lasheen, Walid Rafat Abdelaty, Ahmed Hamza Al-Sisi

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Although the results of reduction mammoplasty are equivalent to those of other unquestionably effective surgical treatments like hip and knee total joint replacement, reduction mammoplasty is showing to be effective in symptom reduction and in improving the quality of life for individuals with symptomatic macromastia . Purpose: Examining the results and impact of reduction mammoplasty for therapeutic rather than aesthetic purposes. Patients & Methods: There are 50 participants with breast enlargement in this prospective trial. Breast enlargement causes body imbalance in all of them, which results in physical dysfunctions, psychological illnesses, and feelings of social inadequacy. So, they submitted …