Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Pulmonary Embolism, Tonya Day

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The pathophysiological topic of acute pulmonary embolism was chosen to increase the knowledge base and provide additional information to assist with moving forward from a registered nurse to an Advance Practicing Nurse. Working as a full-time registered nurse in the emergency department, the working diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism is something that is ruled out on many patients with complaints of shortness of breath, chest pain, or decrease in pulse oximetry. Since a patient with an acute pulmonary embolism can have both typical and atypical symptoms, the death rate can be very high, if not caught earlier enough. An acute …

Von Willebrand Disease, Hannah Smith

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

von Willebrand disease is a complex disease requiring a complex diagnoses and treatment. The family nurse practitioner must be familiar in the care of this population. The most common signs and symptoms are heavy menses and epistaxis (Abshire et al., 2015, p. 1585). The pathophysiology differs based on what type of von Willebrand disease (VWD) the patient has. VWD has many different inheritance patterns. Type 3 (the most severe) usually happens when the gene is passed from the mother as well as the father. If the inheritance pattern is recessive, and neither parent phenotypically has the disease, then the child …

Diverticulitis, Amanda Fantino

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Diverticular disease affects approximately 2.5 million people in the United states and it accounts for more than 280,000 hospitalizations per year (Mulligan, 2015). In 2004, the treatment cost for diverticular diseases was approximately 3.6 billion dollars, this is a huge expense for health care in this country (Schneider et al., 2015). “Diverticulosis is the presence of diverticula in the absence of inflammation” (Wilkins, Embry, & George, 2013). In the United States one study found that those with diverticulosis have a twenty-five percent chance of developing diverticulitis in their lifetime (Wilkins, Embry, & George, 2013). The number of patient in the …

Polycystic Kidney Disease, Christy Mcguire

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This nurse is currently employed at an outpatient ambulatory hemodialysis (HD) clinic. National statistics revealed more than 660,000 Americans being treated for end stage renal disease (ESRD) and at the state level, Ohio has 16,182 individuals which are on routine HD with the primary causes attributed to diabetes and hypertension (HTN) (National Kidney Foundation [NKF], 2017). This nurse discovered a small patient population ascertained ESRD from an inherited familial disorder, particularly polycystic kidney disease (PKD). PKD is the fourth leading cause kidney failure and approximately 600,000 individuals have been diagnosed with PKD in the United States (U.S.) (NKF, 2017). PKD …

Essential Hypertension, Melinda Rodriguez- Tercius

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Hypertension effects 30% of the total population with incidences higher in socioeconomically deprived areas. This nurse will research the pathophysiology of essential hypertension to gain a thorough understanding of the disease and provide evidence based guidelines to assist the patient population in care and maintenance of hypertension. Control of this disease will decrease the incidence of complications that increase morbidity and mortality including cerebrovascular accidents and myocardial infarctions.

Hypertension is known to be the most common modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular related deaths in the United States (Fontil, Bibbins- Domingo, Nguyen, Guzman, & Goldman, 2017). Although hypertension is a largely …

Ischemic Cardiomyopathy, Sarah Crawmer

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

A summary of ischemic cardiomyopathy with topics of signs and symptoms, treatment, significance of pathophysiology, underlying pathophysiology, and implications for nursing care.

Von Wlillebrand Disease, Deanna Miller

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

VWD is one of the most prevalent inherited bleeding disorder (James, 2017). This disorder is the result of a low levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF). VWF is a protein that binds to factor VIII; an essential clotting protein and platelets in the blood vessel walls that aids in production of a platelet plug during the clotting process (National Hemophilia Foundation, n.d.). This disorder was first described in 1926 by Erik von Willebrand. He distinguished that it differed from hemophilia and named it “pseudo hemophilia” (Leebeek, Eikenboom, 2016, p. 2067).

There are three main types of VWD, which is based …

Chiari Malformation, Karin Benner

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The well prepared advanced practice nurse will have a solid understanding of anatomy and physiology, as well as pathophysiological principles. The APN that practices in the emergency department or in the acute care setting should be familiar with a variety of common neurological disorders.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIH) estimate that greater than 1 out of every 1000 persons will be identified with a Chiari malformation (CM) and the greater majority diagnosed will be female (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NIH], 2013, para. 6). Chiari malformations can be congenital or acquired and are staged …

Malignant Hyperthermia, Brandon Kinnamon

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Common anesthetic agents can trigger a pathological response in patients resulting in intracellular calcium release and hyper-metabolism. This condition is known as Malignant Hyperthermia (MH). It is vital for anesthesia professionals and critical care nurses to recognize MH and act quickly to limit rapid shifts of electrolytes which can ultimately lead to death. As soon as cardinal signs of malignant hyperthermia are identified, the medication dantrolene should be administered along with intensive nursing care. Significant signs and symptoms, the pathophysiology of MH, and implications for nursing care are all examined in greater detail.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Laura Quinter

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 8-10 percent of reproductive-aged females. “…PCOS happens when a woman's ovaries or adrenal glands produce more male hormones than normal. PCOS causes cysts (fluid-filled sacs) to grow on the ovaries” (Medline Plus, 2017). It is one of the most common diseases of endocrine dysfunction in women, but diagnosis is sometimes missed or delayed because patients with PCOS are often treated for the signs and symptoms of the condition without consideration for the underlying syndrome. Patients often present with complaints of acne, hair loss, hirsutism, irregular vaginal bleeding, and infertility. Many patients receive treatments for these …

Lyme Disease, Sondra Mcfadden

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and is a bacterial infectious disease that is spread by zoonotic transmission in which animals act as reservoir hosts and ticks are the primary vector or carrier and are considered arthropods. This poster presents Lyme disease, its pathophysiology, and nursing considerations for treating it.

Sepsis, Sarah Jones

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Sepsis is a dysregulation of the inflammatory response, termed systemic inflammatory response syndrome or SIRS, caused by stimulation of an infectious process. Sepsis often leads to organ dysfunction and increased morbidity, mortality and financial burdens. The goal of treatment is to initiate appropriate antimicrobial therapies, target the underlying infection, optimize intravascular volume, provide fluid resuscitation and maintain adequate perfusion and stroke volume (Taeb, Hooper & Marik, 2017).

Timing of treatment and early detection of sepsis is critical to patients with early warning signs. Sharing this information and potentially making a difference in the outcomes of patients presenting with early signs …

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd), Jenna Trimmer

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

COPD is said to be unappreciated with half of COPD patients going undiagnosed or under treated. The research of this assignment will help to increase the APNs knowledge of the disease, its pathophysiology, presentation of symptoms, and disease management for better patient outcomes.

Acute Bronchospasm Under General Anesthesia, Cody Rasmussen

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

An acute bronchospasm during general anesthesia can become a life-threatening intraoperative condition for any patient. Bronchospasm occurs when the bronchial smooth muscle constricts which makes ventilating the patient difficult, and can ultimately lead to hypoventilation, hypoxemia, and metabolic acidosis. It’s imperative for any anesthesia provider to understand what a bronchospasm is, its pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and algorithm of treatments. This poster presentation provides a summary based discussion of acute bronchospasm under general anesthesia.

Traumatic Induced Coagulopathy, Paul Devore

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Trauma is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States. For years patients have been resuscitated in a similar method without improvement in survival of the most severely injured cohort. While acidemia, hypoxia, and hypothermia have long been recognized as complicating factors in the care of trauma patients, it is only recently that research has led to a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of this deadly trio. Coagulopathy of trauma is a multi factorial process which is now being recognized as the proximate cause of death in many patients. This poster examines the pathophysiology and nursing interventions …

A Deeper Look Into Herpes Zoster, Jennifer Perkins

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Herpes zoster, otherwise known as shingles, is a prevalent condition in the United States, as close to 95% of the population are seropositive for the varicella zoster virus (VZV). The primary VZV infection is commonly known as chickenpox and typically occurs in childhood. After the initial VZV infection resolves, the VZV virus lies dormant in the affected individual’s dorsal ganglia until it is reactivated and manifests as shingles. The pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, complications, treatment, vaccination and nursing implications related to herpes zoster are thoroughly examined further.

N5330 17 Schweickartcourtney Poster, Courtney Schweickart

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Asthma is a very important disease to understand in the year 2017. With noncompliant patients due to financial strain, resource deprivation, and overall poor socioeconomic status it is very important that the advanced practicing medical providers understand the underlying pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, medication regimen, and nursing implications associated with asthma. Without the education of this disease process and how to correctly manage an asthmatic patient, a controllable disease can ever so easily turn into a fatal diagnosis. In the intensive care setting asthmatic patients range from requiring mechanical ventilation support, to solely utilizing continuous aerosols. This poster explains all …

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Tracy Fleming

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a gradually progressive disease that affects the airways or pulmonary parenchyma, or both, and results in airflow obstruction.

This poster aims to provide information regarding the signs & symptoms, underlying pathophysiology, and significance of this chronic disease state as well as the implications for nursing care.

Alzheimer's Disease, Kirstin Fortune

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This presentation is an overview on Alzheimer's disease. Signs, symptoms, pathophysiology and pharmaceuticals are all incorporated in this poster. The United States is planning to address the possible crisis of Alzheimer's with many initiatives.

Copd: Emphysema, Nicole Nuxol

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is the third leading cause of death in the United States and is affecting more than 32 million Americans (Mosenifar, 2017). The prevalence of the disease continues to rise and many people are unaware they even have the disease. Prevention is essential in decreasing the incidence of the disease and Advanced Practice Nurses (APN) play a vital role. Emphysema is abnormal permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by the destruction of alveolar walls and without obvious fibrosis (Boka, 2016). Being able to understand the pathophysiology of emphysema will allow for providers …

Ards Pathophysiology, Kyle Kocher

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a very prevalent disease process in intensive care units around the world. It is estimated that the incidence of ARDS is 75 cases per 100,000 people in the United States (Balaan, Bihler, & Yadam, 2016). It is described as a refractory hypoxemia with pulmonary edema from a noncardiogenic cause (Balaan et al., 2016). The definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome itself has been debated and changed many times throughout the years. The most recently adopted definition of ARDS is the Berlin definition which uses several components to describe the disease. These components included timing …

Local Anesthesia Toxicity, Nicole Mccleery

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Local anesthesia (LA) provides a way to relieve temporary pain in a small part of the body and has been used for over 100 years (Fencl, 2015). LA also prevents the passage of surgical stimuli into the central nervous system (CNS) making a surgical procedure less painful for the patient (Noble, 2015). According to Noble, “altering the passage of stimuli from smaller diameter neurons in a confined area with lower drug dosages is called LA, such as the injection of LA around a surgical incision” (Noble, 2015, p.325). LA can be used in a variety of settings, such as in …

Group A Strep (Gas), Kimberly Hyatt

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Abstract

Group A Streptococcal (GAS) bacteria is a common but potent pathogen. GAS is the most common cause of pharyngitis in the world and can be easily treated with the right antibiotic. Left untreated or undertreated, however, GAS is the ninth leading cause of infectious disease mortality, worldwide. Lethality from a GAS infection is 10-30%. The virulence factors of GAS are responsible for the short and long term havoc it wreaks on an individual, and the incredible disease burden of 18.1 million severe cases of GAS, annually, around the globe. In the U.S., each year, GAS pharyngitis, alone, costs $500 …

Prostate Cancer In African American Men, Chinwe Egwudo

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Prostate cancer, a malignancy with racial disparity, affects African American men more than Caucasians or any other race.

Sepsis To Septic Shock, Seth Whitlow

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Abstract

The diagnosis of sepsis has long been part of medicine, however ambiguous definitions, treatment modalities, and research criteria have not provided a unified understanding of the disease. In 2016, international healthcare practitioners convened a panel of experts and developed criteria that defined sepsis as ‘life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection’. The pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock is complex and make understanding physiological host response to infection difficult. Evidence shows that with each passing hour patient mortality is increased when treatment is withheld. Sepsis has proven an elusive diagnosis where one size does not fit …

Cervical Cancer, Mary Jedlicka

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

No abstract provided.

Scleroderma, Erika Lawson

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Scleroderma, also known as sclerosis, is an autoimmune disease causing fibrosis in connective tissues. Symptoms include: skin tightening, stiffness and swelling of fingers, weight loss, fatigue, and musculoskeletal pain. Limited scleroderma, also known as CREST syndrome, includes calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia. This presentation is to help increase knowledge of scleroderma pathophysiology and nursing implications that will help medical staff better care for those affected.

Asthma Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome, Kimberly A. Babich-Speck

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Asthma and COPD often have symptoms that overlap. The area of overlap is known as asthma COPD overlap syndrome.

Pathophysiology Of Acute Asthma Exacerbation, Sarah Elswick

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Asthma is a chronic condition with periods of acute exacerbation. It is a commonly encountered problem across many care settings. Airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness are associated with a number of different pre-disposing factors, and attacks are often triggered by specific agents. Advanced practice nurses must be familiar with the pathophysiology of this condition, and have a strong understanding of the interventions and treatments that are indicated. The intention of this poster is to enlighten students with regards to acute asthma exacerbation and the associated pathophysiology and treatment, ultimately leading to more competent care.

Diabetic Gastroparesis: A Risk Factor For Perioperative Aspiration, Chelsea Stevens

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Diabetic gastroparesis is one of several long-term complications of diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by delayed gastric emptying secondary to autonomic neuropathy. As the incidence of diabetes mellitus continues to rise, it becomes even more important for anesthetists to address the risk of aspiration posed by diabetic gastroparesis. Currently, aspiration of gastric contents accounts for nearly half of all major airway complications in the operating room, often due to incomplete assessment of risk factors. Understanding the pathophysiology is the first step in recognizing diabetic gastroparesis as a significant risk factor for aspiration. Every effort should be made to mitigate perioperative …