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Articles 1 - 8 of 8
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
High Frequency Oscillations Are Phase-Amplitude Coupled In Stress Induced Seizures Following Traumatic Brain Injury, Paul Jung
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) often leads to the development of epilepsy, especially with the occurrence of stressful events. Stressors increase the levels of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the amygdala, which can be damaged by the secondary effects of TBI. It is hypothesized that the activity of CRF receptor type 1 (CRFR1) in the amygdala is altered post-TBI and supports the generation of epileptiform waves, namely high-frequency oscillations (HFOs). Sprague-Dawley rats were given a moderate TBI and in vivo recordings of the amygdala were taken during the administration of an acute tail pinch stressor. The stressor increased broadband activity …
Comorbid Metabolic Syndrome And Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease In A Rat Model, Nadezda Ivanova
Comorbid Metabolic Syndrome And Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease In A Rat Model, Nadezda Ivanova
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), the development of which is associated with high-caloric Western diet intake, represents a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and appears to contribute to AD progression when MetS and AD are comorbid. The interaction between AD and MetS might be through white matter inflammation, since white matter abnormalities and inflammation are important early events in the etiopathogenesis of both diseases. In these investigations, the effect of a high-caloric diet (HCD), to induce metabolic disturbances, on white matter neuroinflammation and cognitive function was investigated in a transgenic (TG) rat model of prodromal AD …
The Role Of Atf4 In Amyloid-Beta-Induced Neuronal Death., Gillian Petroff
The Role Of Atf4 In Amyloid-Beta-Induced Neuronal Death., Gillian Petroff
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is partially characterized by excessive accumulation of amyloid-b (Ab) in the brain. Ab oligomers have greater toxicity than Ab fibrils and induce neuronal stress. The Integrated Stress Response (ISR) is activated in response to cellular stress and increases expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and its target genes. Prolonged activation has been shown to induce aberrant cell death, and increased markers of the ISR have been found in the brains of AD patients. However, the exact mechanism of amyloid-b-induced death is largely unknown. We aimed to determine if Ab-induced neuronal death occurs through ATF4-mediated upregulation of …
Effects Of A Unilateral Injection Of Botulinum Neurotoxin Subtype-A In The Subthalamic Nucleus Of A Parkinsonian Rat Model, Olga Khazov
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Dopaminergic degeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD) leads to altered functional activity within the basal ganglia (BG) circuitry, including hyperactivity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Treatments restoring the BG functional circuitry often result in improvements in parkinsonian symptoms in patients and animal models. A recent study from our laboratory identified that infusing botulinum toxin (BoNT-A) into the internal globus pallidus provided a transient restoration of motor asymmetry and goal-directed locomotion in a rat model of PD. We hypothesized that infusions of BoNT-A into the STN in a parkinsonian rat model will improve motor asymmetry and locomotor abnormalities. Infusions of BoNT-A into …
Connectomic Analysis Of Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta And Ventral Tegmental Area Projections To The Striatum And Cortex, Nicholas Handfield-Jones
Connectomic Analysis Of Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta And Ventral Tegmental Area Projections To The Striatum And Cortex, Nicholas Handfield-Jones
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
We investigated the connectivity of dopamine (DA) neurons emerging from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) and targeting the dorsal striatum (DS), ventral striatum (VS), and prefrontal cortex (PFC). We used diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) probabilistic tractography on human connectome project MRI data. We found that unlike conventional descriptions of DA pathways (i.e., nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, mesocortical), connectivity from both SNc and VTA each targeted DS, VS, and PFC. We also found that from the DS, VS, and PFC, a greater proportion of connections targeted the SNc as compared to the VTA. These findings suggest …
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Of Infantile Hydrocephalus: An Fmri Case Study, Ikhlas Ahmed Hashi
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Of Infantile Hydrocephalus: An Fmri Case Study, Ikhlas Ahmed Hashi
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Ventricle dilatation caused by infantile hydrocephalus may result in extensive damage of the posterior cortex (parietal and occipital lobes). We hypothesize that pathological changes in the development of the posterior cortex can be linked to non-verbal learning disabilities in children with previous infantile hydrocephalus. This case study will investigate the neurodevelopmental outcomes of 3 treated hydrocephalus patients, when compared to a group of healthy control children (n = 12). Within the hydrocephalus group, patients displayed differences in non-verbal test performance as well as parietal brain activation during an fMRI number comparison task. We associated these differences with clinical variables such …
The Role Of The Tau N-Terminal Phosphatase-Activating Domain And Phosphorylation At Thr175 In The Formation Of Tau Cytoplasmic Inclusions, Matthew A. Hintermayer
The Role Of The Tau N-Terminal Phosphatase-Activating Domain And Phosphorylation At Thr175 In The Formation Of Tau Cytoplasmic Inclusions, Matthew A. Hintermayer
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Cytoplasmic inclusions and fibrils of the microtubule-associated protein tau (tau protein) are a key neuropathological hallmark in tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with cognitive impairment. Previous research has demonstrated that the phosphorylation of tau protein at Thr175 is sufficient for the initiation of fibril formation both in vitro and in vivo. Here we use mutated tau protein constructs to demonstrate that phosphorylation at Thr175 results in the aberrant exposure of an N-terminal phosphatase-activating domain (PAD). The tau PAD interacts with protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) leading to the activation of glycogen synthase …
Neural Correlates Of Enhanced Attentional Filtering Of Distractors Across Vs. Within Visual Hemifields In The Lateral Prefrontal Cortex, Maryam Nouri Kadijani
Neural Correlates Of Enhanced Attentional Filtering Of Distractors Across Vs. Within Visual Hemifields In The Lateral Prefrontal Cortex, Maryam Nouri Kadijani
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Attention allows us to focus on only important sensory stimuli in a world full of distractors. However, the ability to allocate attention to important targets becomes more difficult when the distractors are located within the same as compared to when they are in the opposite visual hemifield. The neural mechanisms underlying this effect remains unclear. We recorded neuronal responses in lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), an area involved in the generation of signals related to attention, of two macaque monkeys while they performed a covert spatial attention task in two different conditions. Two stimuli were either separate in the left and …