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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Study Of Microrna-23a Cluster In Bone Formation, Revati Suryawanshi
Study Of Microrna-23a Cluster In Bone Formation, Revati Suryawanshi
All ETDs from UAB
The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to pre-osteoblasts, lies upon various transcription factors and physiological signaling, but is also governed by the micro-RNA-23a cluster. The miR-23a cluster has miR-23a, miR-27a and miR-24-2 transcribed from a single promoter as a sole RNA primary transcript. Its effects have been observed in embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and in cancer (1-2). It regulates the lineage commitment of MSCs. (3). With respect to bone formation, miR-23a cluster is involved MSCs commitment to and osteoblast maturation (4). Here, through in vivo and in vitro experiments, we report that knock down of microRNA-23a cluster …
Osteoblast And Chondrocyte Specific Contribution Of The Runx2 Gene During The Development Of Cleidocranial Dysplasisa, Kayla Renee King
Osteoblast And Chondrocyte Specific Contribution Of The Runx2 Gene During The Development Of Cleidocranial Dysplasisa, Kayla Renee King
All ETDs from UAB
The Runx2 transcription factor is essential for the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into functional chondrocytes and osteoblasts. In humans, the haploinsufficiency of the Runx2 gene is associated with cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). The CCD is characterized by short stature, open sutures and fontanels in the skull, hypoplastic clavicles and supernumerary teeth. Skeletal elements disrupted in CCD patients are developed by intramembranous and/or endochondral ossification. However, the cell type specific roles of the Runx2 gene in the development of CCD-associated skeletal defects remain unknown. The main goal of this research was to define the specific role of the Runx2 gene in …
Molecular And Functional Interaction Of Runx2 And Sp7 For Development Of The Osteoblast Phenotype, Harunur Rashid
Molecular And Functional Interaction Of Runx2 And Sp7 For Development Of The Osteoblast Phenotype, Harunur Rashid
All ETDs from UAB
Runx2 and Sp7 transcription factors are essential for skeletogenesis. Deletion of either gene in mice results in failure of bone tissue development. However, underlying mechanisms responsible for a surprisingly similar phenotype by two distinctly unrelated proteins remain unknown. Sp7 is a Runx2 downstream target gene and is not expressed in Runx2 null mice. Thus, the Runx2 null model represents a compound phenotype of loss of both proteins. In contrast, normal levels of Runx2 mRNA are noted in Sp7 null mice. The failure of Runx2 to promote bone formation in Sp7 null mice suggests that Sp7 is required for Runx2 function …
Protein O-Glcnac Modification In Diabetic Vascular Calcification, Jack Heath
Protein O-Glcnac Modification In Diabetic Vascular Calcification, Jack Heath
All ETDs from UAB
Vascular calcification is prevalent in patients of diabetes mellitus, which represents an independent risk factor that positively correlated with morbidity and mortality in these patients. Vascular calcification is now recognized as a cell-regulated process of osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in response to stress, such as hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Both hyperglycemia and oxidative stress have been shown to induce protein modification by O-linked ß-N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation), which is also elevated in diabetes. The present studies aimed to determine the effects of protein O-GlcNAcylation on vascular calcification in diabetes, and uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms. With the …
Regulatory Control Of Palatogenesis And Odontogenesis By Specificity Protein 7, John Christopher Clarke
Regulatory Control Of Palatogenesis And Odontogenesis By Specificity Protein 7, John Christopher Clarke
All ETDs from UAB
Runx2 and its downstream target Specificity Protein 7 (Sp7) are essential for skeletogenesis. In humans, mutations in Sp7 gene are associated with osteogenesis imperfecta. Unlike Runx2, the role of Sp7 in palatogenesis, tooth development or differentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts remains unknown. The main goal of this research was to identify the functional requirement of Sp7 transcription factor during tooth development and palatogenesis. Molecular, biochemical, and histological approaches were employed to answer this question. We established Sp7-null mice that are completely void of mineralized tissue, exhibit craniofacial dysmorphogenesis and die shortly after birth. Surprisingly, Sp7 homozygous mutants exhibited normal tooth …
Osteoblast And Odontoblast Specific Regulatory Actions Of Runx2 For The Development Of Mineralized Tissues, Mitra Darice Adhami
Osteoblast And Odontoblast Specific Regulatory Actions Of Runx2 For The Development Of Mineralized Tissues, Mitra Darice Adhami
All ETDs from UAB
The Runx2 transcription factor is necessary for commitment and differentiation of mesenchymal cells into the chondroblasts, osteoblasts and odontoblasts. Runx2 induces the expression of several key genes involved in mineralization of both the bone and dentin matrices. Global Runx2-null mice are completely void of mineralized tissue and do not express osteoblast markers, indicating that Runx2 is required for commitment to the osteoblast lineage. Tooth development in Runx2-null mice is arrested in the bell stage, prior to the differentiation of odontoblasts. Thus, Runx2 is essential for development of osteoblast and odontoblast lineages. However, the functional requirements of Runx2 after commitment to …
Oxidative Stress-Stimulated Vascular Calcification, Chang Hyun Byon
Oxidative Stress-Stimulated Vascular Calcification, Chang Hyun Byon
All ETDs from UAB
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, the effect of oxidative stress-induced molecular signaling in development of vascular calcification, a feature of advanced atherosclerosis, has not been defined. Osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is critical in development of vascular calcification. We determined hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress promoted a phenotypic switch of mouse primary VSMC from contractile to osteogenic phenotype. This effect was associated with increased expression and transactivity of Runx2, a key transcription factor for osteogenic differentiation. Inhibition of Runx2 using short hairpin RNA blocked oxidative stress-induced VSMC calcification. By contrast, adenovirus-mediated …