Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Ultrafiltration During Hemodialysis On Hepatic And Total-Body Water: An Observational Study., Claire J Grant, Trevor P Wade, Charles A Mckenzie, Guido Filler, Christopher W Mcintyre, Huang S. Shih-Han

Paediatrics Publications

Background

The hepatic circulation is involved in adaptive systemic responses to circulatory stress. However, it is vulnerable to both chronic hypervolemia and cardiac dysfunction. The influence of hemodialysis (HD) and ultrafiltration (UF) upon liver water content has been understudied. We conducted a detailed pilot study to characterize the effects of HD upon liver water content and stiffness, referenced to peripheral fluid mobilization and total body water.

Methods

We studied 14 established HD patients without liver disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) together with ultrasound-based elastography and bioimpedance assessment were employed to measure hepatic water content and stiffness, body composition, and water …

Retrospective Motion Correction In Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of The Brain, Patricia Johnson

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a tremendously useful diagnostic imaging modality that provides outstanding soft tissue contrast. However, subject motion is a significant unsolved problem; motion during image acquisition can cause blurring and distortions in the image, limiting its diagnostic utility. Current techniques for addressing head motion include optical tracking which can be impractical in clinical settings due to challenges associated with camera cross-calibration and marker fixation. Another category of techniques is MRI navigators, which use specially acquired MRI data to track the motion of the head.

This thesis presents two techniques for motion correction in MRI: the first is …

In Vivo Tracking Of Tumour Associated Macrophages In Breast Cancer With Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ashley V. Makela

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Introduction: The environment in which a tumour exists and functions is called the tumour microenvironment (TME). In breast cancer, the presence of tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) in the TME is associated with tumour aggressiveness and poor outcomes. Despite evidence for a link between TAM content and outcome, there are few strategies to measure TAMs and no in vivo approach. Iron or fluorine-19 (¹⁹F)-based MRI can be used to detect macrophages post intravenous injection of either an iron or perfluorocarbon (PFC) agent. Iron-based MRI is sensitive but difficult to quantify. ¹⁹F MRI is specific and signal is proportional …

Diffusion And Functional Mri Of The Brain Following Sports-Related Impacts And Concussion, Kathryn Y. Manning

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Concussion is a prevalent injury associated with contact sports, however the underlying brain changes associated with concussion remain poorly understood. Therefore it is critical to (a) understand the complex sequelae that underlie concussion, (b) when or if the brain recovers, and (c) if there are brain changes associated with contact sports in general. Advanced imaging techniques may be sensitive to changes that persist beyond relatively prompt symptom recovery and clearance to return to play.

Resting state functional MRI (RS-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data was acquired on the 3T at Robarts Research Institute from healthy and concussed athletes from …

Magnetic Resonance Imaging In The Diagnosis Of White Matter Signal Abnormalities., Ravi Datar, Asuri Narayan Prasad, Keng Yeow Tay, Charles Anthony Rupar, Pavlo Ohorodnyk, Michael Miller, Chitra Prasad

Paediatrics Publications

Background White matter abnormalities (WMAs) pose a diagnostic challenge when trying to establish etiologic diagnoses. During childhood and adult years, genetic disorders, metabolic disorders and acquired conditions are included in differential diagnoses. To assist clinicians and radiologists, a structured algorithm using cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been recommended to aid in establishing working diagnoses that facilitate appropriate biochemical and genetic investigations. This retrospective pilot study investigated the validity and diagnostic utility of this algorithm when applied to white matter signal abnormalities (WMSAs) reported on imaging studies of patients seen in our clinics. Methods The MRI algorithm was applied to …

Sodium Nitroglycerin Induces Middle Cerebral Artery Vasodilatation In Young, Healthy Adults, Jenna M. Schulz, Baraa K. Al-Khazraji, J. Kevin Shoemaker

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2018 The Authors Experimental Physiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Physiological Society New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Nitric oxide causes dilatation in peripheral vessels; however, whether nitric oxide affects basal cerebral artery dilatation has not been explored. What is the main finding and its importance? This study demonstrated that vasodilatation occurs in the right middle cerebral artery in response to exogenous nitric oxide. However, blood velocity decreased and, therefore, overall cerebral blood flow remained unchanged. This study provides new insight into the role of nitric oxide in cerebral …

Development Of A Pulmonary Imaging Biomarker Pipeline For Phenotyping Of Chronic Lung Disease, Fumin Guo, Dante Capaldi, Miranda Kirby, Khadija Sheikh, Sarah Svenningsen, David G Mccormack, Aaron Fenster, Grace Parraga

Medical Biophysics Publications

We designed and generated pulmonary imaging biomarker pipelines to facilitate high-throughput research and point-of-care use in patients with chronic lung disease. Image processing modules and algorithm pipelines were embedded within a graphical user interface (based on the .NET framework) for pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and x-ray computed-tomography (CT) datasets. The software pipelines were generated using C++ and included: (1) inhaled

Disruption To Functional Networks In Neonates With Perinatal Brain Injury Predicts Motor Skills At 8 Months, Annika C Linke, Conor Wild, Leire Zubiaurre-Elorza, Charlotte Herzmann, Hester Duffy, Victor K Han, David S C Lee, Rhodri Cusack

Paediatrics Publications

Objective

Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) of neonates with perinatal brain injury could improve prediction of motor impairment before symptoms manifest, and establish how early brain organization relates to subsequent development. This cohort study is the first to describe and quantitatively assess functional brain networks and their relation to later motor skills in neonates with a diverse range of perinatal brain injuries.

Methods

Infants (n = 65, included in final analyses: n = 53) were recruited from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and were stratified based on their age at birth (prematurevs. term), and on whether neuropathology …