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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Distinct Neurobehavioural Effects Of Cannabidiol In Transmembrane Domain Neuregulin 1 Mutant Mice, Leonora E. Long, Rose Chesworth, Xu-Feng Huang, Alexander Wong, Adena Spiro, Iain S. Mcgregor, Jonathon Arnold, Tim Karl
Distinct Neurobehavioural Effects Of Cannabidiol In Transmembrane Domain Neuregulin 1 Mutant Mice, Leonora E. Long, Rose Chesworth, Xu-Feng Huang, Alexander Wong, Adena Spiro, Iain S. Mcgregor, Jonathon Arnold, Tim Karl
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
The cannabis constituent cannabidiol (CBD) possesses anxiolytic and antipsychotic properties. We have previously shown that transmembrane domain neuregulin 1 mutant (Nrg1 TM HET) mice display altered neurobehavioural responses to the main psychoactive constituent of cannabis, D9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Here we investigated whether Nrg1 TM HET mice respond differently to CBD and whether CBD reverses schizophrenia-related phenotypes expressed by these mice. Adult male Nrg1 TM HET and wild type-like littermates (WT) received vehicle or CBD (1, 50 or 100 mg/kg i.p.) for 21 days. During treatment and 48 h after withdrawal we measured behaviour, whole blood CBD concentrations and autoradiographic receptor binding. Nrg1 …
Proteogenomic Analyses Of Lingo-1 And The Nogo Receptor In Schizophrenia, J Andrews, K Newell, F Fernandez
Proteogenomic Analyses Of Lingo-1 And The Nogo Receptor In Schizophrenia, J Andrews, K Newell, F Fernandez
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
No abstract provided.
Conotoxins Targeting Neuronal Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Subtypes: Potential Analgesics?, Oliver Knapp, Jeffrey R. Mcarthur, David J. Adams
Conotoxins Targeting Neuronal Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Subtypes: Potential Analgesics?, Oliver Knapp, Jeffrey R. Mcarthur, David J. Adams
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) are the primary mediators of electrical signal amplification and propagation in excitable cells. VGSC subtypes are diverse, with different biophysical and pharmacological properties, and varied tissue distribution. Altered VGSC expression and/or increased VGSC activity in sensory neurons is characteristic of inflammatory and neuropathic pain states. Therefore, VGSC modulators could be used in prospective analgesic compounds. VGSCs have specific binding sites for four conotoxin families: μ-, μO-, δ- and ί-conotoxins. Various studies have identified that the binding site of these peptide toxins is restricted to well-defined areas or domains. To date, only the μ- and μO-family exhibit …
Genetic Modulation Of The Long-Term Effects Of Cannabis On Brain Structure, Function And Symptomatology, Nadia Solowij, Francesca Fernandez, Robin Murray, Murat Yucel
Genetic Modulation Of The Long-Term Effects Of Cannabis On Brain Structure, Function And Symptomatology, Nadia Solowij, Francesca Fernandez, Robin Murray, Murat Yucel
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Published abstract from the 3rd Biennial Schizophrenia International Research Conference Florence, Italy 14-18 April 2012
Molecular Signatures Of Long-Lived Proteins: Autolytic Cleavage Adjacent To Serine Residues, Shi-Ping (Jim) Su, Brian Lyons, M G. Friedrich, Jason D. Mcarthur, Xiuxian Song, D Xavier, Roger J. Truscott, J A. Aquilina
Molecular Signatures Of Long-Lived Proteins: Autolytic Cleavage Adjacent To Serine Residues, Shi-Ping (Jim) Su, Brian Lyons, M G. Friedrich, Jason D. Mcarthur, Xiuxian Song, D Xavier, Roger J. Truscott, J A. Aquilina
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
The centre of the human lens, which is composed of proteins that were synthesized prior to birth, is an ideal model for the evaluation of long-term protein stability and processes responsible for the degradation of macromolecules. By analysing the sequences of peptides present in human lens nuclei, characteristic features of intrinsic protein instability were determined. Prominent was the cleavage on the N-terminal side of serine residues. Despite accounting for just 9% of the amino acid composition of crystallins, peptides with N-terminal Ser represented one-quarter of all peptides. Nonenzymatic cleavage at Ser could be reproduced by incubating peptides at elevated temperatures. …
Skepticism Of De-Torting Large Ovaries, C Georgiou
Skepticism Of De-Torting Large Ovaries, C Georgiou
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Abstract of paper presented at AGES XXII Annual Scientific Meeting, Sydney 2012.
Ovarian Torsion In A 22-Year Old Nulliparous Woman, Hsiao-En Cindy Chen, Christos Georgiou
Ovarian Torsion In A 22-Year Old Nulliparous Woman, Hsiao-En Cindy Chen, Christos Georgiou
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Ovarian torsion is the fifth most common gynaecological emergency with a reported prevalence of 2.7% in all cases of acute abdominal pain. [1] It is defined as the partial or complete rotation of the adnexa around its ovarian vascular axis that may cause an interruption in the ovarian blood flow. [2] Ischaemia is therefore, a possible consequence and this may lead to subsequent necrosis of the ovary and necessitate resection. As symptoms of ovarian torsion are non-specific and variable, this condition remains a diagnostic challenge with potential implications for future fertility. [3] Consequently, clinical suspicion and timely intervention are crucial …
Non-Viral Generation Of Neural Precursor-Like Cells From Adult Human Fibroblasts, C Maucksch, E Firmin, C Butler-Munro, J Montgomery, Mirella Dottori, Bronwen Connor
Non-Viral Generation Of Neural Precursor-Like Cells From Adult Human Fibroblasts, C Maucksch, E Firmin, C Butler-Munro, J Montgomery, Mirella Dottori, Bronwen Connor
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Recent studies have reported direct reprogramming of human fibroblasts to mature neurons by the introduction of defined neural genes. This technology has potential use in the areas of neurological disease modeling and drug development. However, use of induced neurons for large-scale drug screening and cell-based replacement strategies is limited due to their inability to expand once reprogrammed. We propose it would be more desirable to induce expandable neural precursor cells directly from human fibroblasts. To date several pluripotent and neural transcription factors have been shown to be capable of converting mouse fibroblasts to neural stem/precursor-like cells when delivered by viral …
Functional Expression Of The Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern Receptor P2x7 On Canine Kidney Epithelial Cells, Iman Jalilian, Mari Spildrejorde, Aine Seavers, Belinda L. Curtis, Jason D. Mcarthur, Ronald Sluyter
Functional Expression Of The Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern Receptor P2x7 On Canine Kidney Epithelial Cells, Iman Jalilian, Mari Spildrejorde, Aine Seavers, Belinda L. Curtis, Jason D. Mcarthur, Ronald Sluyter
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Epithelial cells are important in inflammation and immunity. In this study, we examined if Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells express functional P2X7 receptors, which bind the damage-associated molecular pattern extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and immunoblotting revealed the expression of P2X7 in MDCK cells. A flow cytometric assay demonstrated that ATP or 2'(3')-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)ATP induced ethidium(+) uptake into MDCK cells, and that this process was impaired by the P2X7 antagonists KN-62 and A438079. RT-PCR also demonstrated the presence of Toll-like receptor 4, NALP3, caspase-1, interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 in MDCK cells, as well as in positive control LPS-primed canine …
Cognitive Phenotyping Of Amyloid Precursor Protein Transgenic J20 Mice, Tim Karl, Surabhi Bhatia, David Cheng, Woojin Scott Kim, Brett Garner
Cognitive Phenotyping Of Amyloid Precursor Protein Transgenic J20 Mice, Tim Karl, Surabhi Bhatia, David Cheng, Woojin Scott Kim, Brett Garner
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Transgenic mice that express familial Alzheimer's disease mutant forms of the human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) have proved to be invaluable in determining the impact that the neurotoxic amyloid-β peptide has in vivo. In addition to the propensity to accumulate cerebral amyloid plaques, a crucial characteristic of hAPP mouse models is their cognitive impairments. To date the most widely used test for analyzing cognitive impairment in hAPP mice is the Morris water maze (MWM) which, due to the fact that mice are not "natural" swimmers, may not always be the ideal paradigm to investigate cognitive behaviours. Furthermore, not all cognitive …
Homocysteine, Grey Matter And Cognitive Function In Adults With Cardiovascular Disease, Andrew H. Ford, Griselda J. Garrido, Christopher Etherton-Beer, Nicola Lautenschlager, Leonard F. Arnolda, Leon Flicker, Osvaldo P. Almeida
Homocysteine, Grey Matter And Cognitive Function In Adults With Cardiovascular Disease, Andrew H. Ford, Griselda J. Garrido, Christopher Etherton-Beer, Nicola Lautenschlager, Leonard F. Arnolda, Leon Flicker, Osvaldo P. Almeida
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Background: Elevated total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) has been associated with cognitive impairment, vascular disease and brain atrophy. Methods: We investigated 150 volunteers to determine if the association between high tHcy and cerebral grey matter volume and cognitive function is independent of cardiovascular disease. Results: Participants with high tHcy (≥15 μmol/L) showed a widespread relative loss of grey matter compared with people with normal tHcy, although differences between the groups were minimal once the analyses were adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, smoking and prevalent cardiovascular disease. Individuals with high tHcy had worse cognitive scores across a range of domains and …
Guidelines For The Management Of Absolute Cardiovascular Disease Risk, Leonard F. Arnolda
Guidelines For The Management Of Absolute Cardiovascular Disease Risk, Leonard F. Arnolda
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
The National Vascular Disease Prevention Alliance (NVDPA) is an alliance of four leading and well-known Australian charities: Diabetes Australia, the National Heart Foundation of Australia, Kidney Health Australia and the National Stroke Foundation. In 2000, these four charities began to work together to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in Australia. Much of the work of the NVDPA to date has been to promote the use of an 'absolute risk' approach to predicting risk of cardiovascular disease. The NVDPA advocates to government and professional bodies for a health system that supports an absolute risk approach. The NVDPA aims to raise …
Neurons Derived From Human Embryonic Stem Cells Extend Long-Distance Axonal Projections Through Growth Along Host White Matter Tracts After Intra-Cerebral Transplantation, Mark Denham, Clare L. Parish, Bryan Leaw, Jordan Wright, Christopher Reid, Steven Petrou, Mirella Dottori, Lachlan H. Thompson
Neurons Derived From Human Embryonic Stem Cells Extend Long-Distance Axonal Projections Through Growth Along Host White Matter Tracts After Intra-Cerebral Transplantation, Mark Denham, Clare L. Parish, Bryan Leaw, Jordan Wright, Christopher Reid, Steven Petrou, Mirella Dottori, Lachlan H. Thompson
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Human pluripotent stem cells have the capacity for directed differentiation into a wide variety of neuronal subtypes that may be useful for brain repair. While a substantial body of research has lead to a detailed understanding of the ability of neurons in fe tal tissue grafts to structurally and functionally integrate after intra-cerebral transplantation, we are only just beginning to understand the in vivo properties of neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Here we have utilised the human embryonic stem (ES) cell line Envy, which constitutively expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP), in order to study the in vivo properties …
Amyloid Beta Selectively Modulates Neuronal Trkb Alternative Transcript Expression With Implications For Alzheimer's Disease, J Wong, M Higgins, G Halliday, B Garner
Amyloid Beta Selectively Modulates Neuronal Trkb Alternative Transcript Expression With Implications For Alzheimer's Disease, J Wong, M Higgins, G Halliday, B Garner
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Dysregulation in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/full-length TrkB (TrkB-TK+) signaling is implicated in promoting neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). BDNF/TrkB-TK+ signaling can be modulated by the presence of truncated TrkB isoforms (TrkB-TK-, TrkB-Shc). All TrkB isoforms are encoded by different alternative transcripts. In this study, we assessed if expression of the three main TrkB alternative transcripts, TrkB-TK+, TrkB-TK-, and TrkB-Shc are altered in AD. Using a cohort of control and AD brains (n=29), we surveyed the hippocampus, temporal cortex, occipital cortex, and cerebellum and found specific increases in TrkB-Shc, a neuron-specific transcript, in the AD hippocampus. No significant changes were detected …
Recent Peritonitis Associates With Mortality Among Patients Treated With Peritoneal Dialysis, Neil Boudville, Anna Kemp, Philip Clayton, Wai Lim, Sunil V. Badve, Carmel M. Hawley, Stephen P. Mcdonald, Kathryn J. Wiggins, Kym M. Bannister, Fiona G. Brown, David W. Johnson
Recent Peritonitis Associates With Mortality Among Patients Treated With Peritoneal Dialysis, Neil Boudville, Anna Kemp, Philip Clayton, Wai Lim, Sunil V. Badve, Carmel M. Hawley, Stephen P. Mcdonald, Kathryn J. Wiggins, Kym M. Bannister, Fiona G. Brown, David W. Johnson
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Peritonitis is a major complication of peritoneal dialysis, but the relationship between peritonitis and mortality among these patients is not well understood. In this case-crossover study, we included the 1316 patients who received peritoneal dialysis in Australia and New Zealand from May 2004 through December 2009 and either died on peritoneal dialysis or within 30 days of transfer to hemodialysis. Each patient served as his or her own control. The mean age was 70 years, and the mean time receiving peritoneal dialysis was 3 years. In total, there were 1446 reported episodes of peritonitis with 27% of patients having ≥2 …
Srp20 Regulates Trkb Pre-Mrna Splicing To Generate Trkb-Shc Transcripts With Implications For Alzheimer's Disease, Jenny Wong, Brett Garner, Glenda M. Halliday, John B.J Kwok
Srp20 Regulates Trkb Pre-Mrna Splicing To Generate Trkb-Shc Transcripts With Implications For Alzheimer's Disease, Jenny Wong, Brett Garner, Glenda M. Halliday, John B.J Kwok
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Previously, we reported elevated levels of the neuronspecific tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) transcript, TrkB- sarc homology containing (Shc) in the hippocampus of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains. In this study, we determined how TrkB-Shc transcripts are increased in AD. Utilizing a TrkB minigene transiently transfected into SHSY5Y cells, we found increased exon 19 inclusion in TrkB minigene transcripts (to generate TrkB-Shc) following cellular exposure to amyloid beta 1–42 (Ab42). As this suggested altered TrkB pre-mRNA splicing in AD, we conducted an in silico screening for putative splice regulatory protein-binding sites in the intron/exon splice regulatory regions of exons 18 and …
Application Of The Water Needs Index: Can Tho City, Mekong Delta, Vietnam, Magnus Moglia, Luis E. Neumann, Kim S. Alexander, Mihn N. Nguyen, Ashok K. Sharma, Stephen Cook, Nguyen H. Trung, Dinh D.A Tuan
Application Of The Water Needs Index: Can Tho City, Mekong Delta, Vietnam, Magnus Moglia, Luis E. Neumann, Kim S. Alexander, Mihn N. Nguyen, Ashok K. Sharma, Stephen Cook, Nguyen H. Trung, Dinh D.A Tuan
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Provision of urban water supplies to rapidly growing cities of South East Asia is difficult because of increasing demand for limited water supplies, periodic droughts, and depletion and contamination of surface and groundwater. In such adverse environments, effective policy and planning processes are required to secure adequate water supplies. Developing a Water Needs Index reveals key elements of the complex urban water supply by means of a participatory approach for rapid and interdisciplinary assessment. The index uses deliberative interactions with stakeholders to create opportunities for mutual understanding, confirmation of constructs and capacity building of all involved. In Can Tho City, …
Using A Social Functionalist Framework To Understand Responses To Projected Sea Level Rise And Managed Retreat Policies In Australia, Kim Alexander, Anthony Ryan
Using A Social Functionalist Framework To Understand Responses To Projected Sea Level Rise And Managed Retreat Policies In Australia, Kim Alexander, Anthony Ryan
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Managed retreat is one of the few policy options available to the Australian government to mitigate the risk of sea level rise for coastal communities. A structured withdrawal from areas inundated by rising sea levels may be the only viable option for some jurisdictions and in many cases may be the most cost effective defensive approach. At present, little is known about community opinions on managed retreat options. The authors present a social functionalist framework to analyse the range of personal concerns and understand more about how people may respond to predicted changes to coastal shorelines. The meta-theoretical social functionalist …
Tnf-Α Promotes Ifn-Γ-Induced Cd40 Expression And Antigen Process In Myb-Transformed Hematological Cells, Wenyi Gu, Jiezhong Chen, Lei Yang, Kong-Nan Zhao
Tnf-Α Promotes Ifn-Γ-Induced Cd40 Expression And Antigen Process In Myb-Transformed Hematological Cells, Wenyi Gu, Jiezhong Chen, Lei Yang, Kong-Nan Zhao
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Tumour necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and interleukin-4 are critical cytokines in regulating the immune responses against infections and tumours. In this study, we investigated the effects of three cytokines on CD40 expression in Myb-transformed hematological cells and their regulatory roles in promoting these cells into dendritic cells. We observed that both interleukin-4 and interferon-γ increased CD40 expression in these hematological cells in a dose-dependent manner, although the concentration required for interleukin-4 was significantly higher than that for interferon-γ. We found that tumour necrosis factor-α promoted CD40 expression induced by interferon-γ, but not by interleukin-4. Our data showed that tumour necrosis factor-α …
Factors Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease Progression In Australian Nephrology Practices, Neil Boudville, Anna Kemp, Henry Moody, Robert G. Fassett, Eugenie Pedagogos, Craig Nelson, Helen Healy, George Mangos, Geoff Kirkland, Troy Kay, Paul Champion De Crespigny, David Hoffman, David Waugh
Factors Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease Progression In Australian Nephrology Practices, Neil Boudville, Anna Kemp, Henry Moody, Robert G. Fassett, Eugenie Pedagogos, Craig Nelson, Helen Healy, George Mangos, Geoff Kirkland, Troy Kay, Paul Champion De Crespigny, David Hoffman, David Waugh
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Background/Aims: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue worldwide. The aim of this study was to explore factors associated with CKD progression in Australian nephrology practices. Methods: This was a retrospective study utilising an electronic medical record (EMR), Audit4 (Software for Specialists, Australia). The baseline visit was defined as the first entry into the EMR. The primary outcome was the rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: 1,328 patients were included with a mean eGFR at baseline of 37.4 ± 0.7 ml/min/1.73 m2, a mean follow-up of 17.7 months and a mean annual rate of …
Prevention Of Obesity-Associated Colon Cancer By (-)-Epigallocatechin-3 Gallate And Curcumin, Jiezhong Chen
Prevention Of Obesity-Associated Colon Cancer By (-)-Epigallocatechin-3 Gallate And Curcumin, Jiezhong Chen
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Obesity is now recognised as a major global health problem. It accounts for a large proportion of the population and is increasing in both developed and developing countries. Epidemiological evidence and studies in animal models showed that obesity increased the incidence of colon cancer. As obesity is difficult to prevent and treat, it is important to find effective approaches to prevent obesity-associated colon cancer. The prevention strategy should be different from that used for the treatment as clinically used drugs are not suitable for the prevention due to side-effects and cost. Phytochemicals are ideal for the prevention. This review summarises …