Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Novel Consumer-Centric Metric For Evaluating Hearing Device Audio Performance, Vinaya Manchaiah, Steve Taddei, Abram Bailey, De Wet Swanepoel, Hansapani Rodrigo

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background and Aim: The emergence of direct-to-consumer hearing devices has introduced confusion in making appropriate choices, highlighting the need for users to be well-informed for optimal device selection. Currently, no established metric offers insights into the sound performance of these devices. This study aimed to introduce and assess a novel consumer-centric metric (i.e., SoundScore) for hearing device audio performance.

Method: The SoundScore metric was created based on five dimensions of hearing device audio performance (i.e., speech benefit in quiet and moderate, speech benefit in loud, own voice perception, feedback control, streamed music sound quality). Tests were conducted under lab conditions …

Rescue Therapy For Failed Mechanical Thrombectomy In Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Pooled Analysis Of The Society Of Vascular And Interventional Neurology Registry, Aaron Rodriguez-Calienes, Fazeel M. Siddiqui, Milagros Galecio-Castillo, Mahmoud H. Mohammaden, Jaydevsinh N. Dolia, Jonathan A. Grossberg, Ameer E. Hassan, Wondwossen G. Tekle, Hamzah M. Saei, Samantha Miller

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the association between rescue therapy (RT) and functional outcomes compared to medical management (MM) in patients presenting after failed mechanical thrombectomy (MT).

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized prospectively collected and maintained data from the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology Registry, spanning from 2011 to 2021. The cohort comprised patients with large vessel occlusions (LVOs) with failed MT. The primary outcome was the shift in the degree of disability, as gauged by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days. Additional outcomes included functional independence (90-day mRS score of 0-2), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and …

The 2022 Symposium On Dementia And Brain Aging In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: Highlights On Research, Diagnosis, Care, And Impact, Raj N. Kalaria, Gladys Maestre, Simin Mahinrad, Daisy Acosta, Rufus Akinyemi, Suvarna Alladi, Ricardo F. Allegri, Faheem Arshad, David Oluwasayo Babalola, Noe Garza

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Two of every three persons living with dementia reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The projected increase in global dementia rates is expected to affect LMICs disproportionately. However, the majority of global dementia care costs occur in high-income countries (HICs), with dementia research predominantly focusing on HICs. This imbalance necessitates LMIC-focused research to ensure that characterization of dementia accurately reflects the involvement and specificities of diverse populations. Development of effective preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for dementia in LMICs requires targeted, personalized, and harmonized efforts. Our article represents timely discussions at the 2022 Symposium on Dementia and Brain Aging …

The Internist's Post V.1 N.3, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley. School Of Medicine, Eunbee Cho, Jian Garcia Cruz, Diana Othon Martinez, Edgar Dorsey Trevino, Ramon Elizondo Romo, Roque Mifuji, Martha Solis

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Current Trends And Challenges Of Microbiome Research In Prostate Cancer, Shaun Trecarten, Bernard Fongang, Michael Liss

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Purpose of review: The role of the gut microbiome in prostate cancer is an emerging area of research interest. However, no single causative organism has yet been identified. The goal of this paper is to examine the role of the microbiome in prostate cancer and summarize the challenges relating to methodology in specimen collection, sequencing technology, and interpretation of results.

Recent findings: Significant heterogeneity still exists in methodology for stool sampling/storage, preservative options, DNA extraction, and sequencing database selection/in silico processing. Debate persists over primer choice in amplicon sequencing as well as optimal methods for data normalization. Statistical methods for …

Role Of Neurocellular Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response In Alzheimer’S Disease And Related Dementias Risk, Miriam Aceves, Jose C. Granados, Ana C. Leandro, Juan M. Peralta, David C. Glahn, Sarah Williams-Blangero, Joanne E. Curran, John Blangero, Satish Kumar

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Currently, more than 55 million people around the world suffer from dementia, and Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) accounts for nearly 60–70% of all those cases. The spread of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathology and progressive neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex is strongly correlated with cognitive decline in AD patients; however, the molecular underpinning of ADRD’s causality is still unclear. Studies of postmortem AD brains and animal models of AD suggest that elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may have a role in ADRD pathology through altered neurocellular homeostasis in brain regions associated with learning and memory. To study …

Clinical Efforts Double Disparity For Nonphysician Urim Faculty: Implications For Academic Family Medicine, Stacy A. Ogbeide, Deepu George, Adrian Sandoval, Yajaira Johnson-Esparza, Maria Montanez Villacampa

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

With a new definition of high-quality primary care and the shift in nonphysician faculty’s role as core faculty members in family medicine residency programs, new attention is needed on the delineation of clinical efforts and clinical efforts disparities across disciplines (eg, psychology, marriage and family therapy, pharmacy) within departments of family medicine. Additionally, those who identify as underrepresented in medicine (URiM), specifically those who are nonphysician faculty, are dually impacted by the clinical efforts double disparity. This paper examines the current landscape of clinical efforts in academic family medicine for physician faculty and nonphysician faculty as well as discusses how …

Statistical Genetic Approaches To Investigate Genotype-By-Environment Interaction: Review And Novel Extension Of Models, Vincent P. Diego, Eron G. Manusov, Marcio Almeida, Sandra Laston, David Ortiz, John Blangero, Sarah Williams-Blangero

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Statistical genetic models of genotype-by-environment (G×E) interaction can be divided into two general classes, one on G×E interaction in response to dichotomous environments (e.g., sex, disease-affection status, or presence/absence of an exposure) and the other in response to continuous environments (e.g., physical activity, nutritional measurements, or continuous socioeconomic measures). Here we develop a novel model to jointly account for dichotomous and continuous environments. We develop the model in terms of a joint genotype-by-sex (for the dichotomous environment) and genotype-by-social determinants of health (SDoH; for the continuous environment). Using this model, we show how a depression variable, as measured by the …

Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2-Forkhead Box Protein O4 Signaling Pathway Plays An Essential Role In Melanogenesis, Dohyun Jeung, Ga-Eun Lee, Weidong Chen, Jiin Byun, Soo-Bin Nam, You-Min Park, Hye Suk Lee, Han Chang Kang, Joo Young Lee, Dae Joon Kim

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Although previous studies have examined the signaling pathway involved in melanogenesis through which ultraviolet (UV) or α-melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α-MSH) stimuli act as key inducers to produce melanin at the stratum basal layer of the epidermis, the signaling pathway regulating melanogenesis is still controversial. This study reports that α-MSH, not UVA and UVB, acted as a major stimulus of melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. Signaling pathway analysis using gene knockdown technology and chemical inhibitors, the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) played an important role in melanogenesis. Unexpectedly, LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, increased melanogenesis …

Dual Functional Magnetic Nanoparticles Conjugated With Carbon Quantum Dots For Hyperthermia And Photodynamic Therapy For Cancer, Mounika Choppadandi, Kondi Soumya, Sumanta Ghosh, Aishwarya Balu, Tanvi Shingote, Srivalliputtur Sarath Babu, Vani Sai Prasanna, Somasundaram Arumugam, Ravichandiran Velyutham, Murali M. Yallapu, Govinda Kapusetti

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

The global incidence of cancer continues to rise, posing a significant public health concern. Although numerous cancer therapies exist, each has limitations and complications. The present study explores alternative cancer treatment approaches, combining hyperthermia and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and amine-functionalized carbon quantum dots (A-CQDs) were synthesized separately and then covalently conjugated to form a single nanosystem for combinational therapy (M-CQDs). The successful conjugation was confirmed using zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV-visible spectroscopy. Morphological examination in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further verified the conjugation of CQDs with MNPs. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed …

Oma1-Mediated Mitochondrial Dynamics Balance Organellar Homeostasis Upstream Of Cellular Stress Responses, Robert Gilkerson, Harpreet Kaur, Omar Carrillo, Isaiah Ramos

School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

In response to cellular metabolic and signaling cues, the mitochondrial network employs distinct sets of membrane-shaping factors to dynamically modulate organellar structures through a balance of fission and fusion. While these organellar dynamics mediate mitochondrial structure/function homeostasis, they also directly impact critical cell-wide signaling pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, and the integrated stress response (ISR). Mitochondrial fission is driven by the recruitment of the cytosolic dynamin-related protein-1 (DRP1), while fusion is carried out by mitofusins 1 and 2 (in the outer membrane) and optic atrophy-1 (OPA1) in the inner membrane. This dynamic balance is highly sensitive to cellular stress; when …

Emerging Therapies For Glioblastoma, Stella Aime Rios, Stephanie Oyervides, David Uribe, Angelica Maree Reyes, Victor Fanniel, Jonathan Vazquez, Megan Keniry

School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Simple Summary

Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain cancer and is associated with poor prognosis, with an average survival after diagnosis of less than 18 months. Hundreds of clinical trials have been conducted, with more underway to make progress in treating glioblastoma. This review details conventional and emergent targeted therapies for glioblastoma.

Abstract

Glioblastoma is most commonly a primary brain tumor and the utmost malignant one, with a survival rate of approximately 12–18 months. Glioblastoma is highly heterogeneous, demonstrating that different types of cells from the same tumor can manifest distinct gene expression patterns and biological behaviors. Conventional therapies …

Perceptions Of Dengue Risk And Acceptability Of A Dengue Vaccine In Residents Of Puerto Rico, Coral Rosado-Santiago, Carmen L. Pérez-Guerra, Nicole M. Vélez-Agosto, Claudia Colón-Burgos, Karla M. Marrero-Santos, Susanna K. Partridge, Amy E. Lockwood, Cathy Young, Steve H. Waterman, Gabriela Paz-Bailey

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Dengvaxia is the first dengue vaccine recommended in the United States (U.S.). It is recommended for children aged 9–16 y with laboratory-confirmed previous dengue infection and living in areas where dengue is endemic. We conducted focus groups with parents and in-depth interviews with key informants (i.e. practicing pediatricians, physicians from immunization clinics, university researchers, and school officials) in Puerto Rico (P.R.) to examine acceptability, barriers, and motivators to vaccinate with Dengvaxia. We also carried out informal meetings and semi-structured interviews to evaluate key messages and educational materials with pediatricians and parents. Barriers to vaccination included lack of information, distrust toward …

A Comparative Analysis Of Positive And Negative Stimuli For Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: A Pooled Analysis Of Two Studies And A Systematic Review, Arankesh Mahadevan, Vamsikalayan Borra, Lakshmi Prasanna Vaishnavi Kattamuri, Vikash Jaiswal, Ikechukwu R. Ogbu

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is characterized by transient myocardial dysfunction triggered by both negative and positive emotional experiences, known respectively as broken heart syndrome (BHS) and happy heart syndrome (HHS). Despite the scarcity of comparative analyses between HHS and BHS in the literature, our pooled analysis, incorporating two retrospective registry analyses of 1395 TTC patients (57 HHS and 1338 BHS), reveals that while BHS is more prevalent, both conditions exhibit similar clinical presentations and outcomes. Statistical analyses, utilizing binary random effects models, indicate that diabetes mellitus is less common in HHS patients and serves as a predictor for BHS. Furthermore, there …

Establishing The First Student-Run Clinic To Provide Free Health Care To A South Texas Colonia, John Nicholas Cauba, Andrew B. Callan, Joy Alvarado, Beatriz Tapia

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine (UTRGVSoM) opened its student-run clinic (SRC) in March 2018 to provide free health care for the residents of Pueblo de Palmas colonia in Hidalgo County. Located along the United States-Mexico border near some of the country's poorest and most medically underserved communities, UTRGVSoM has the unique opportunity to extend quality primary care to those who otherwise would go without. The physical location of the clinic was determined by a partnership with Proyecto Desarrollo Humano, a nonprofit organization within the Pueblo de Palmas colonia. The free clinic, located in the town’s …

The Power Of Promotores: Enhancing The Ability Of Medical Students To Provide For And Communicate With Underserved Populations, Jesse Allen, Suzette Jimenez, Ricardo Belmares, Jose Manuel De La Rosa, Nathan A. Holland, Jessica Chacon

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

To increase community health knowledge, the El Paso Health Education and Awareness Team (EP-HEAT) was established at Paul L. Foster School of Medicine. The Medical Student Run Clinic (MSRC) emphasizes community health care access. Promotores de salud (community health workers) increase health care awareness and connect predominantly underserved communities with resources. Surveys were conducted to determine how EP-HEAT and MSRC patients’ communication with promotores affected their access to health care and communication skills. Surveys demonstrated that 91% of EP-HEAT members agreed that working with promotores improved their communication ability. All MSRC patients surveyed stated interacting with promotores helped improve health …

Peripheral Artery Disease Causes Consistent Gait Irregularities Regardless Of The Location Of Leg Claudication Pain, Hafizur Rahman, Todd Leutzinger, Mahdi Hassan, Molly Schieber, Panagiotis Koutakis, Matthew A. Fuglestad, Holly Despiegelaere, G. Matthew Longo, Philippe Malcolm, Jason M. Johanning

School of Podiatric Medicine Publications and Presentations

Highlights

• Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a multi-level disease.

• PAD diffusely impairs the performance of leg muscles.

• PAD causes similar irregularities in gait biomechanics regardless of where claudication pain is located in the leg.

Abstract

Background

The most common symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is intermittent claudication that involves the calf, thigh, and/or buttock muscles. How the specific location of this leg pain is related to altered gait, however, is unknown.

Objectives

We hypothesized that because the location of claudication symptoms uniquely affects different leg muscle groups in people with PAD, this would produce distinctive walking patterns.

Methods

A …

Vascular Complications And Outcomes Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement In Patients On Chronic Steroid Therapy: A Meta-Analysis, Song Peng Ang, Jia Ee Chia, Vikash Jaiswal, Muhammad Hanif, Ananya Vadhera, Sudarshan Gautam, Anuradha Raut, Saira Rafaqat, Vamsikalayan Borra, Harshwardhan Khandait

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Background: Chronic steroid (CS) therapy was reportedly linked to increased vascular complications following percutaneous coronary intervention. However, its association with vascular complications after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) remained uncertain, with conflicting results being reported.

Objective: The authors aimed to compare the rate of vascular complications and outcomes between patients with and without CS use after TAVR.

Methods: The authors conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from their inception until 18th April 2022 for relevant studies. Endpoints were described according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 definitions. Effect sizes were pooled using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects …

Promoting Diverse Perspectives: Addressing Health Disparities Related To Alzheimer's And All Dementias, Gladys Maestre, Carl Hill, Percy Griffin, Stephen Hall, William Hu, Jason Flatt, Ganesh Babulal

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Dementia research lacks appropriate representation of diverse groups who often face substantial adversity and greater risk of dementia. Current research participants are primarily well-resourced, non-Hispanic White, cisgender adults who live close to academic medical centers where much of the research is based. Consequently, the field faces a knowledge gap about Alzheimer's-related risk factors in those other groups. The Alzheimer's Association hosted a virtual conference on June 14–16, 2021, supported in part by the National Institute on Aging (R13 AG072859-01), focused on health disparities. The conference was held entirely online and consisted of 2 days of core programming and a day …

Arrested Pneumatization Of The Left Central Skull Base, Vijay Radhakrishnan, Dhiraj Rajkumar, Sanjay Radhakrishnan

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

An adult with a history of head- ache and obstructive sleep apnea presented to their primary care provider with nasal congestion. The patient had no other relevant medical history of chronic illness. The patient also had no history of smoking and was not on blood thinners.

Linking Type And Extent Of Head Trauma To Cavum Septum Pellucidum In Older Adults With And Without Alzheimer Disease And Related Dementias, Breton M. Asken, Jeremy A. Tanner, Lawren Vandevrede, Alexandra Apple, Marianne Chapleau, Leslie S. Gaynor, Courtney Lane-Donovan, Steven Lenio, Golnaz Yadollahikhales, Shannon Lee

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Background and objectives: Cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) is a common but nonspecific MRI finding in individuals with prior head trauma. The type and extent of head trauma related to CSP, CSP features specific to head trauma, and the impact of brain atrophy on CSP are unknown. We evaluated CSP cross-sectionally and longitudinally in healthy and clinically impaired older adults who underwent detailed lifetime head trauma characterization.

Methods: This is an observational cohort study of University of California, San Francisco Memory and Aging Center participants (healthy controls [HCs], those with Alzheimer disease or related dementias [ADRDs], subset with traumatic encephalopathy syndrome …

Lamina Cribrosa Insertions Into The Sclera Are Sparser, Narrower, And More Slanted In The Anterior Lamina, Fengting Ji, Mohammad R. Islam, Bingrui Wang, Yi Hua, Ian A. Sigal

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Purpose: The lamina cribrosa (LC) depends on the sclera for support. The support must be provided through the LC insertions. Although a continuous insertion over the whole LC periphery is often assumed, LC insertions are actually discrete locations where LC collagenous beams meet the sclera. We hypothesized that LC insertions vary in number, size, and shape by quadrant and depth.

Methods: Coronal cryosections through the full LCs from six healthy monkey eyes were imaged using instant polarized light microscopy. The images were registered into a stack, on which we manually marked LC insertion outlines, nothing their position in-depth and quadrant …

Editorial: Endocrine Regulation Of Mineral Ions And Their Relevance To Metabolic Diseases, Mor-Li Hartman, Mohammed S. Razzaque

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

The Internist's Post V.1 N.2, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley. School Of Medicine, Edgar Dorsey Trevino, Diana Othon Martinez, Jian Garcia Cruz, Eunbee Cho, Roque Mifuji Lira, Martha Solis

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Newsletter of the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine - Internal Medicine Residency Program.

Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma In The Rio Grande Valley: A Case Report, Miguel A. Lopez, Maria Villegas, Thomas Davis

Research Symposium

Inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of invasive breast cancer found in a small percentage of patients in the United States. The Rio Grande Valley is a region of Texas with pockets of low socioeconomic status and increased rates of obesity, a large risk factor for IBC. The cutaneous presentation of IBC is a tender, erythematous patch or plaque that surrounds hair follicles (referred to as peau d’orange) and is frequently edematous. Diagnosis requires a high clinical index of suspicion supported by a thorough patient history and pathology consistent with invasive carcinoma. This case study discusses …

Hypermetabolic Lymphadenopathy Following The Administration Of Covid-19 Vaccine And Immunotherapy In A Lung Cancer Patient: A Case Report, Shreya Tripathy, Nathaniel Alvarez, Shubham Jaiswal, Ryan Williams, Munaf Al-Khadimi, Sarah Hackman, William Phillips, Supreet Kaur, Sherri Cervantez, William Kelly, Josephine Taverna

Research Symposium

Background: Given the current climate of the pandemic, lung cancer patients are especially vulnerable to complications from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. As a high-risk population group, these patients are strongly advised to receive coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in accordance with Center for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines to minimize morbidity and mortality. In recent years, immunotherapy has taken a preeminent role in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with dramatic improvement in overall survival. Reactive lymphadenopathy following the administration of a coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination can confound the radiographic interpretation of positron emission tomography-computed tomography or …

The Role Of Divergent Noncoding Gene In Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Barbara Yang, Melina J. Sedano, Shrikanth S. Gadad

Research Symposium

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in women after lung cancer. Breast cancer is grouped into different molecular subtypes; triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 20%. TNBC is a highly aggressive histologic subtype; the lack of unique therapeutic targets makes it harder to treat. Recent studies have implicated genes involved in cancers that are transcribed using a process known as divergent transcription. The expression of these genes is tightly regulated; however, many escape regulation and become aberrantly expressed in tumors. Interestingly, our genomic analysis suggests that several of these genes encode noncoding transcripts. Analysis of transcriptome …

The Role Of A Cancer Testis-Antigen In Regulating Tumor Growth And Oncogenic Pathways In Triple-Negative Breast Cancer., Melina J. Sedano, Alana L. Harrison, Victoria Reid, Subramanian Dhandayuthapani, Shrikanth S. Gadad

Research Symposium

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women, after lung cancer. Unfortunately, it is the primary cause of death among Hispanic women. Approximately 10-20% of breast cancers are classified as basal (triple-negative) subtypes, which are challenging to treat due to the absence of specific targets. Triple-negative breast cancer is a highly aggressive and lethal type of tumor, particularly among Hispanic women, with a poor prognosis compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Therefore, it is crucial to identify new molecules with therapeutic and prognostic values to treat this evolving disease. Multiple studies have demonstrated that X-linked genes …

Role Of Trpv6 In Mitigating Alcohol-Induced Disruption Of Tight Junctions, Barrier Function, And Hepatic Injury, Avtar S. Meena, Radhakrishna K. Rao

Research Symposium

Background: Persistent alcohol consumption is widely recognized as a precursor to alcoholic liver disease. However, the intriguing observation persists that only a minority, approximately 20%, of individuals with alcohol use disorder succumb to this liver ailment. The factors contributing to this variability remain elusive. Studies indicate that individuals with alcoholic liver disease exhibit endotoxemia, with endotoxins primarily originating from colonic microflora. Moreover, these patients manifest disruptions in epithelial tight junctions, leading to compromised barrier function in the gastrointestinal tract. In this context, the transient receptor vanilloid receptor 6 (TRPV6) emerges as a crucial regulator of calcium absorption and transport, particularly …

Optimization And Characterization Of One-Step Multi-Functionalization Of Virus-Like Particles For Multimodality Nanoplatforms, Andrea Dorado Baeza, Prakhar Sengar, Rafael Vázquez-Duhalt, Kanchan Chauhan

Research Symposium

Background: Multimodality platforms integrating targeting, therapeutic and diagnostic modalities are gaining attention in the area of smart nanomedicines for cancers. However, their multi-step synthesis strategies are the major bottleneck for large-scale production with high reproducibility. Isocyanide-based multi-component reactions (IMCRs) have become popular in modern chemistry and have offered effective access to highly diverse and complex final products in a single step. Herein, isocyanide-based 4-component (4CRs) UGI reaction is optimized on virus-like particles (VLPs) to develop multimodal nanoplatforms more efficiently.

Methods: In this work, biocatalytic P22CYP nanoreactors were multifunctionalized with: (i) enzyme Glucose Oxidase (GOx) to obtain a cascade enzymatic activity …