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- AUTOTOMY (1)
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- Gulf of Mexico (1)
- Habitat use (1)
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- Heterogeneous (1)
- House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) (1)
- Hydrodynamics (1)
- Intraspecific competition (1)
- Isopod (1)
Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Genome-Wide Patterns Of Arabidopsis Gene Expression In Nature, Christina L. Richards, Ulises Rosas, Joshua A. Banta, Naeha Bhambra, Michael D. Purugganan
Genome-Wide Patterns Of Arabidopsis Gene Expression In Nature, Christina L. Richards, Ulises Rosas, Joshua A. Banta, Naeha Bhambra, Michael D. Purugganan
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
Organisms in the wild are subject to multiple, fluctuating environmental factors, and it is in complex natural environments that genetic regulatory networks actually function and evolve. We assessed genome-wide gene expression patterns in the wild in two natural accessions of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and examined the nature of transcriptional variation throughout its life cycle and gene expression correlations with natural environmental fluctuations. We grew plants in a natural field environment and measured genome-wide time-series gene expression from the plant shoot every three days, spanning the seedling to reproductive stages. We find that 15,352 genes were expressed in the …
The Role Of Epigenetics In Evolution: The Extended Synthesis, Aaron W. Schrey, Christina L. Richards, Victoria Meller, Vincent Sollars, Douglas M. Ruden
The Role Of Epigenetics In Evolution: The Extended Synthesis, Aaron W. Schrey, Christina L. Richards, Victoria Meller, Vincent Sollars, Douglas M. Ruden
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
Epigenetic Variation May Compensate For Decreased Genetic Variation With Introductions: A Case Study Using House Sparrows (Passer Domesticus) On Two Continents, Aaron W. Schrey, Courtney A. C. Coon, Michael T. Grispo, Mohammed Awad, Titus Imboma, Earl D. Mccoy, Henry R. Mushinsky, Christina L. Richards, Lynn B. Martin
Epigenetic Variation May Compensate For Decreased Genetic Variation With Introductions: A Case Study Using House Sparrows (Passer Domesticus) On Two Continents, Aaron W. Schrey, Courtney A. C. Coon, Michael T. Grispo, Mohammed Awad, Titus Imboma, Earl D. Mccoy, Henry R. Mushinsky, Christina L. Richards, Lynn B. Martin
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
Epigenetic mechanisms impact several phenotypic traits and may be important for ecology and evolution. The introduced house sparrow (Passer domesticus) exhibits extensive phenotypic variation among and within populations. We screened methylation in populations from Kenya and Florida to determine if methylation varied among populations, varied with introduction history (Kenyan invasion < 50 years old, Florida invasion ~150 years old), and could potentially compensate for decrease genetic variation with introductions. While recent literature has speculated on the importance of epigenetic effects for biological invasions, this is the first such study among wild vertebrates. Methylation was more frequent in Nairobi, and outlier loci suggest that populations may be differentiated. Methylation diversity was similar between populations, in spite of known lower genetic diversity in Nairobi, which suggests that epigenetic variation may compensate for decreased genetic diversity as a source of phenotypic variation during introduction. Our results suggest that methylation differences may be common among house sparrows, but research is needed to discern whether methylation impacts phenotypic variation.
Are Morphological Specializations Of The Hyolingual System In Chameleons And Salamanders Tuned To Demands On Performance?, Anthony Herrel, Stephen M. Deban, Vicky Schaerlaeken, Jean-Pierre Timmermans, D. Adriaens
Are Morphological Specializations Of The Hyolingual System In Chameleons And Salamanders Tuned To Demands On Performance?, Anthony Herrel, Stephen M. Deban, Vicky Schaerlaeken, Jean-Pierre Timmermans, D. Adriaens
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
Extremely specialized and long tongues used for prey capture have evolved independently in plethodontid salamanders and chameleons. In both systems, the demands on tongue projection are probably similar: to maximize projection velocity and distance. Consequently, many of the design features of the projection system in these two groups have converged to an astonishing degree. Both involve the use of power amplification systems based on helically wound muscle fibers that load internal connective tissue sheets as illustrated in previous studies. Demands imposed on tongue retraction, however, are different to some degree. Although in both groups there is a clear demand for …
Food Restriction Compromises Immune Memory In Deer Mice (Peromyscus Maniculatus) By Reducing Spleen-Derived Antibody-Producing B Cell Numbers, Lynn B. Martin, Kristen J. Navara, Michael T. Bailey, Chelsea R. Hutch, Nicole D. Powell, John F. Sheridan, Randy J. Nelson
Food Restriction Compromises Immune Memory In Deer Mice (Peromyscus Maniculatus) By Reducing Spleen-Derived Antibody-Producing B Cell Numbers, Lynn B. Martin, Kristen J. Navara, Michael T. Bailey, Chelsea R. Hutch, Nicole D. Powell, John F. Sheridan, Randy J. Nelson
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
Immune activity is variable in many wild animals, despite presumed strong selection against immune incompetence. Much variation may be due to changes in prevalence and abundance of pathogens (and/or their vectors) in time and space, but the costs of immune defenses themselves may also be important. Induction of immune activity often increases energy and protein expenditure, sometimes to the point of compromising fitness. Whether immune defenses are expensive to maintain once they are generated, however, is less well appreciated. If so, organisms would face persistent challenges of allocating resources between immunity and other expensive physiological processes, which would mandate trade-offs. …
Diets And Coexistence Of The Sea Urchins Lytechinus Variegatus And Arbacia Punctulata (Echinodermata) Along The Central Florida Gulf Coast, Janessa Cobb, John M. Lawrence
Diets And Coexistence Of The Sea Urchins Lytechinus Variegatus And Arbacia Punctulata (Echinodermata) Along The Central Florida Gulf Coast, Janessa Cobb, John M. Lawrence
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
The basis for coexistence of similar species is fundamental in community ecology. One mechanism for coexistence is differentiation of diets. Lytechinus variegatus and Arbacia punctulata coexist in different microhabitats along the Florida gulf coast. Their great difference in morphology might affect their choice of microhabitats and diet. We analyzed diets of both species at 1 offshore and 1 nearshore site where both occurred in relatively equal numbers, an offshore site dominated by A. punctulata and an offshore site dominated by L. variegatus. Gut contents were analyzed to determine the diet. A. punctulata prim. consumed sessile invertebrates except on dates …
An Interdisciplinary And Synthetic Approach To Ecological Boundaries, Mary L. Cadenasso, Steward T. A. Pickett, Kathleen C. Weathers, Susan S. Bell, Tracy L. Benning, Margaret M. Carreiro, Todd E. Dawson
An Interdisciplinary And Synthetic Approach To Ecological Boundaries, Mary L. Cadenasso, Steward T. A. Pickett, Kathleen C. Weathers, Susan S. Bell, Tracy L. Benning, Margaret M. Carreiro, Todd E. Dawson
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
We introduce a collection of articles that proposes conceptual and methodological tools to advance the integrated study of ecological boundaries. A number of studies are germane to understanding the structure and function of boundaries over a wide array of ecological systems and scales. However, these studies have not been unified in a consistent theoretical framework. To integrate these seemingly disparate studies and to advance future research on boundaries, these articles present a common conceptual framework, a classification of the different types of boundaries and their potential functions, and statistical and modeling approaches that can be applied to a wide range …
Mangrove Response To Attack By A Root Boring Isopod: Root Repair Versus Architectural Modification, Robert Allen Brooks, Susan S. Bell
Mangrove Response To Attack By A Root Boring Isopod: Root Repair Versus Architectural Modification, Robert Allen Brooks, Susan S. Bell
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
The nature of the plant-animal interaction between wood-boring isopods and the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle L. has been controversial, with discussion ranging from the damage caused by the isopod being detrimental to beneficial for the mangroves they attack. Initiation of lateral roots by the mangrove in response to isopod burrowing has been one of the most commonly cited examples as support for the concept of beneficial herbivory. In this study, the possibility of root repair as a response of Rhizophora to burrowing by Sphaeroma terebrans Bate was evaluated. Previously burrowed prop roots were tagged in the field and the fate …
Effects Of Community Structure On The Seagrass Thalassia Testudinum, Craig D. Rose, Clinton J. Dawes
Effects Of Community Structure On The Seagrass Thalassia Testudinum, Craig D. Rose, Clinton J. Dawes
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
The influence of community structure on the seagrass Thalassia testudinum was studied in 3 distinct communities: low and high density monocultures, and patches intermixed with Halodule wrightii, in Cockroach Bay, Tampa, Florida. T. testudinum shoot-specific leaf mass and growth were significantly higher in low density monocultures, and both variables were negatively correlated with short-shoot density. Intraspecific, competition-density effects in high-density seagrass beds may be responsible for the relatively lower shoot-specific leaf mass and growth rates, possibly due to the reduction of available light from dense leaf canopies. These observations are supported by significantly higher T. testudinum leaf C:N and …
Comparative Resource Use By Juvenile Parrotfishes In The Florida Keys, Karen L. Overholtzer, Philip J. Motta
Comparative Resource Use By Juvenile Parrotfishes In The Florida Keys, Karen L. Overholtzer, Philip J. Motta
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
Many parrotfishes (Scaridae) co-occur in mixed-species aggregations as juveniles, but diverge in resource use and social structure as adults. Focal observations of 3 juvenile parrotfishes (Scarus coeruleus, Sparisoma aurofrenatum, Sparisoma viride) were conducted on inshore patch reefs in the Florida Keys to examine feeding rates, food type, habitat use, and aggressive interactions. All species overlapped extensively in their use of space and food. Home ranges physically overlapped, and the proportion of microhabitats present within home ranges was similar for all species. Home range size increased with body size for S. coeruleus and S. aurofrenatum. Diets of all …
Influence Of Physical Setting On Seagrass Landscapes Near Beaufort, North Carolina, Usa, Mark S. Fonseca, Susan S. Bell
Influence Of Physical Setting On Seagrass Landscapes Near Beaufort, North Carolina, Usa, Mark S. Fonseca, Susan S. Bell
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
Field surveys were conducted in Core and Back Sounds, North Carolina, USA, to relate the physical setting of seagrass beds, as measured by a wave exposure index (REI), tidal current speed and water depth, to various measures of the sedimentary environment, spatial heterogeneity of seagrass distribution and measures of seagrass abundance. Seagrass beds in this area form patterns ranging from continuous to semi-continuous to widely dispersed, discrete patches across a gradient of increasing hydrodynamic activity. Tidal current speeds, exposure to waves and relative water depths revealed strong correlative evidence that physical processes influenced landscape-scale (50 x 50 m range with …
Drift Macroalgal Abundance In Seagrass Beds: Investigating Large-Scale Associations With Physical And Biotic Attributes, Susan S. Bell, Margaret O. Hall
Drift Macroalgal Abundance In Seagrass Beds: Investigating Large-Scale Associations With Physical And Biotic Attributes, Susan S. Bell, Margaret O. Hall
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
The relationship between a suite of physical and biological factors and drift macroalgal abundance was examined in 12 seagrass sites spanning a distance of over 50 km within Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. Field sampling was conducted in December 1991, and drift algal abundance was determined by recording algal percent cover from 25 quadrants at each site. Additionally, drift macroalgae were collected from gridded plots and dry weight biomass measured. Sediment characteristics and seagrass biomass, shoot density, blade length and percent cover at each site were also determined. Likewise, position of site within Tampa Bay was categorized by spatial coordinates. Step-wise …
Introduction To Insect Behavioral Ecology : The Good, The Bad, And The Beautiful: Non-Indigenous Species In Florida. Invasive Adventive Insects And Other Organisms In Florida, J H. Frank, Earl D. Mccoy
Introduction To Insect Behavioral Ecology : The Good, The Bad, And The Beautiful: Non-Indigenous Species In Florida. Invasive Adventive Insects And Other Organisms In Florida, J H. Frank, Earl D. Mccoy
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
An excessive proportion of adventive (=“non-indigenous”) species in a community has been called “biological pollution.” Proportions of adventive species of fishes, amphibia, reptiles, birds and mammals in southern Florida range from 16% to more than 42%. In Florida as a whole, the proportion of adventive plants is about 26%, but of insects is only about 8%. Almost all of the vertebrates were introduced as captive pets, but escaped or were released into the wild, and established breeding populations; few arrived as immigrants (= “of their own volition”). Almost all of the plants also were introduced, a few arrived as immigrants …
The Cost Of Arm Autotomy In The Starfish Stichaster-Striatus, John M. Lawrence, A. Larrain
The Cost Of Arm Autotomy In The Starfish Stichaster-Striatus, John M. Lawrence, A. Larrain
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
Arm autotomy in asteroids, as tail autotomy in vertebrates, typically occurs when the animal is attacked and appears to facilitate escape. One assumes autotomy has a cost, but it rarely has been demonstrated in the field in vertebrates and never demonstrated in asteroids. The concentration of lipid was 40 % less and the amount of kilojoules 85 % less in the pyloric caeca of the asteroid Stichaster striatus Muller & Troschel (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) with autotomized arms than in those of individuals with intact arms collected in the field. as the pyloric caeca are used as nutrient reserves, individuals with autotomized …
Evidence For Physiological Integration Between Shaded And Unshaded Short Shoots Of Thalassia Testudinum, David A. Tomasko, Clinton J. Dawes
Evidence For Physiological Integration Between Shaded And Unshaded Short Shoots Of Thalassia Testudinum, David A. Tomasko, Clinton J. Dawes
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
Physiological integration of Thalassia testudinum short shoots enables clones to function at a higher level of physiological organization than that of the short shoots themselves. Shaded short shoots connected to non-shaded short shoots had blade growth rates and proximate organic constituent levels equal to non-shaded controls. Shaded short shoots physically isolated from neighboring short shoots had blade growth rates and organic constituent levels different from both controls and shaded short shoots connected to non-shaded short shoots. Support of shaded short shoots appeared to be primarily from older short shoots connected to the shaded short shoots. The amelioration of localized light …
Foraging Patterns Of Two Syngnathid Fishes: Importance Of Harpacticoid Copepods, Kevin Tipton, Susan S. Bell
Foraging Patterns Of Two Syngnathid Fishes: Importance Of Harpacticoid Copepods, Kevin Tipton, Susan S. Bell
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
The diets of juvenile (mm) Syngnathus scovelli and of Hippocampus zosterae, abundant members of a resident fish community in a Thalassia testudnum seagrass bed in Tampa Bay, Florida, were examined from Apnl to October 1984. Harpacticoid copepods comprised most of the diet, both in terms of percent number and percent biomass, for the smaller size classes of S. scovelli and for H. zosterae, and harpacticoids generally had the highest index of relative importance (IRI) for both syngnathids. S. scovelli displayed ontogenetic switching to larger food items, such as amphipods, shrimp and crustacean eggs. Harpacticus sp. 1 was the …
Dynamics Of The Aboveground And Belowground Structure Of The Seagrass Halodule Wrightii, Ruth A. Pangallo, Susan S. Bell
Dynamics Of The Aboveground And Belowground Structure Of The Seagrass Halodule Wrightii, Ruth A. Pangallo, Susan S. Bell
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
Dynamics of the aboveground and belowground structure of the seagrass Halodule wrightii (Asherson) Asherson was studied from April 1984 to March 1985. Seasonality of plant structure was evident, with the highest abundance of short shoots and belowground structures occurring in June. An Inverse relationship between root and rhizome biomass was observed with the former reaching a maximum in February and March, while the latter attained highest values in July and August. The number of short shoots produced per branch varied over the year, ranging from a low of 0.4 to a high of 1.5. The ratio number of branches/rhizome length …
Habitat Utilization By Harpacticoid Copepods: A Morphometric Approach, Susan S. Bell, Keith Walters, Margaret O. Hall
Habitat Utilization By Harpacticoid Copepods: A Morphometric Approach, Susan S. Bell, Keith Walters, Margaret O. Hall
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
Examination of harpacticoid copepod morphology was conducted to determine whether morphological resemblance provides a reasonable index of habltat utilization and movement. Discriminant analysis was used to explore the relationship between body form and habitat utilization for copepod species collected from 3 subhabitats within seagrass beds in Tampa Bay, Florida. To examine the accuracy of our procedure the discriminant function derived for Tarnpa Bay copepods was applied to copepods collected in worldwide studies. Three morphological characteristics - ratio of the length of Pereopod 1 first endopod segment to the remaining endopod segments, area of the cephalosome, and length of the first …
Diel Patterns Of Active Vertical Migration In Seagrass Meiofauna, Keith Walters, Susan S. Bell
Diel Patterns Of Active Vertical Migration In Seagrass Meiofauna, Keith Walters, Susan S. Bell
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
Patterns of active vertical migration exhibited by sediment-associated meiofauna were examlned in a subtropical seagrass meadow. Total numbers, species composition and percentage of sediment meiofauna found to migrate were examined during two 24 h studies. Large numbers (>20,000 h-1 m-2) of harpacticoid copepods representing a substantial proportion (>50 %) of the total benthic harpacticoid community migrated from the sediment into the water column. Nineteen of 36 harpacticoid species identified migrated actively. Migration was greatest during nighttime. Results indicate the importance of vertical migration to benthic-pelagic interactions in shallow seagrass environments.
Area-Related Species Richness: The Uses Of Ecological And Paleontological Data, Earl D. Mccoy, Jorge R. Rey
Area-Related Species Richness: The Uses Of Ecological And Paleontological Data, Earl D. Mccoy, Jorge R. Rey
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
A Field Investigation Of Meiofaunal Dispersal: Tidal Resuspension And Implications, Susan S. Bell, K. M. Sherman
A Field Investigation Of Meiofaunal Dispersal: Tidal Resuspension And Implications, Susan S. Bell, K. M. Sherman
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
Presence of meiofauna in resuspended sediments was investigated in a tidal creek system employing a specially designed core sampler and quick freezing techniques. Forty core samples were taken during 4 successive ebb tides to determine the distribution of meiofauna in (a) overlying water; (b) resuspended sediment; and (c) undisturbed sediment fractions of each sample. Our experiments demonstrate that 13-44 % of the meiobenthic copepod subcommunity was present in overlying and resuspended sediment fractions, while only a small percentage of nematodes was found simultaneously in these layers. We suggest that selected meiofauna may disperse through tidally coupled mechanisms and that such …